长期施肥对灌漠土团聚体及其稳定性的影响
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摘要
利用设计在武威的长期定位试验研究了单施氮肥或有机肥、有机肥与氮肥配施等措施对灌漠土团聚体及稳定性的影响。结果表明,与不施肥相比,单施氮肥不能显著提高各粒级水稳性团聚体有机碳的含量,而单施有机肥或者与氮肥配施能够显著提高各粒级水稳性团聚体有机碳的含量。其中0.25~2 mm粒级水稳性团聚体的有机碳浓度高于其它粒级。相关分析表明,>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的含量与土壤有机碳水平呈显著正相关。不同处理的>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量依次为:农肥、绿肥和秸秆的处理>CK、农肥+氮肥、绿肥+氮肥和秸秆+氮肥的处理>氮肥处理(P<0.05)。可见,单施有机肥能促进>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的形成,而单施氮肥或者与有机肥配施不利于>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的形成。
Using the long-term fertilizer experiments located at Wuwei city of China to study the effect of the application of chemical fertilizer or organic manures alone, and combined application of organic manures with chemical fertilizer on the aggregate size fractions and its stability. The results showed that the applied chemical fertilizer alone could not significantly improved organic carbon contents in all water-stable aggregate(WSA) size fractions compared with the non-fertilized treatment(CK). However, the application of organic manure alone or in combination with chemical N fertilizer significantly increased the organic carbon contents in all of the WSA size fractions compared to the CK. The OC contents of 0.25-2 mm WSA fraction were higher than those of the other WSA size fractions. A significant positive correlation was found between soil organic carbon contents and the contents of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions. The contents of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions under different fertilizer treatments decreased in the order M, G and S treatments > the CK, MN, GN and SN treatments > the N treatment(P < 0.05), indicating that the application of organic manures alone could promote the formation of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions and improve the soil aggregate stability, while the application of chemical N fertilizer alone or in combination with organic manures are not conducive to the formation of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions.
Using the long-term fertilizer experiments located at Wuwei city of China to study the effect of the application of chemical fertilizer or organic manures alone, and combined application of organic manures with chemical fertilizer on the aggregate size fractions and its stability. The results showed that the applied chemical fertilizer alone could not significantly improved organic carbon contents in all water-stable aggregate(WSA) size fractions compared with the non-fertilized treatment(CK). However, the application of organic manure alone or in combination with chemical N fertilizer significantly increased the organic carbon contents in all of the WSA size fractions compared to the CK. The OC contents of 0.25-2 mm WSA fraction were higher than those of the other WSA size fractions. A significant positive correlation was found between soil organic carbon contents and the contents of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions. The contents of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions under different fertilizer treatments decreased in the order M, G and S treatments > the CK, MN, GN and SN treatments > the N treatment(P < 0.05), indicating that the application of organic manures alone could promote the formation of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions and improve the soil aggregate stability, while the application of chemical N fertilizer alone or in combination with organic manures are not conducive to the formation of > 0.25 mm WSA fractions.
引文
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[19]ELLIOTT E T.Aggregate structure and carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50(3):627-633.
[2]BRONICK C J,LAL R.Soil structure and management:a review[J].Geoderma,2005,124(1/2):3-22.
[3]MORENO-DE L H M.Development of soil physical structure and biological functionality in mining spoils affected by soil erosion in a Mediterranean-Continental environment[J].Geoderma,2009,149:249-256.
[4]KAWAMOTO K,MOLDRUP P,KOMATSU T,et al.Water repellency of aggregate size fractions of a volcanic ash soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2007,71:1658-1666.
[5]TISDALL J M,OADES J M.Organic matter and water-stable aggregates[J].Journal of Soil Science,1982,33:141-163.
[6]SARAH P.Soil aggregation response to long-and short-term differences in rainfall amount under arid and Mediterranean climate conditions[J].Geomorphology,2005,70:1-11.
[7]DE GRYZE S,BOSSUYT H,SIX J,et al.Factors controlling aggregation in a minimum and a conventionally tilled undulating field[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2008,58:1017-1026.
[8]YODER R E.A direct method of aggregate analysis of soils and a study of the physical nature of erosion losses[J].Journal of America Society Agronomy,1936,28:337-351.
[9]NOELLEMEYER E,FRANK F,ALVAREZ C,et al.Carbon contents and aggregation related to soil physical and biological properties under a land-use sequence in the semiarid region of central Argentina[J].Soil Tillage Research,2008,99:179-190.
[10]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2002.
[11]BOIX-FAYOS C,CALVO-CASES A,IMESON A C.Influence of soil properties on the aggregation of some Mediterranean soils and the use of aggregate size and stability as land degradation indicators[J].Catena,2001,44:47-67.
[12]EDWARDS A,BREMNER J.Microaggregates in soils[J].Journal of Soil Science,2006,18:64-73.
[13]王晓娟,贾志宽,梁连友等.旱地施有机肥对土壤有机质和水稳性团聚体的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):159-165.
[14]周萍,潘根兴.长期不同施肥对黄泥土水稳性团聚体颗粒态有机碳的影响[J].土壤通报,2007,38(2):256-261.
[15]周萍,张旭辉,潘根兴.长期不同施肥对太湖地区黄泥土总有机碳及颗粒态有机碳含量及深度分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(6):765-771.
[16]AMOS B,WALTERS D T.Maize root biomass and net rhizodeposited carbon[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2006,70:1489-1503.
[17]樊廷录,王淑英,周广业,等.长期施肥下黑垆土有机碳变化特征及碳库组分差异[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(2):300-309.
[18]潘根兴,李恋卿,张旭辉,等.中国土壤有机碳库量与农业土壤碳固定动态的若干问题[J].地球科学进展,2003,18(4):609-618.
[19]ELLIOTT E T.Aggregate structure and carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50(3):627-633.