南京城市地下空间综合防灾规划研究
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摘要
安全性是地下空间开发建设中所面临的重要问题之一;若由于初时设计不当,将严重影响地下空间中广大民众的人身安全;科学的规划,将有效提升地下空间的综合防灾能力。本文针对南京地下空间面临的主要灾种类别,系统梳理了其在防灾建设与管理中的突出问题,提出了未来地下空间应满足"内部防灾和外部减灾"两方面的需求,并针对火灾、水灾等主要灾种,布局相关防灾设施,制定实施措施;同时,明确了防洪排涝设施、避难场所与应急物资储备库等不同类型项目结合地下空间建设的策略和选址。最后,提出了平灾结合策略,以及未来城市地下空间综合防灾设施系统发展建设的三大契机。
Safety is one of the important problems in underground space development and construction. If due to improper initial design,the general public's personal safety in the underground space will be seriously affected.Scientific planning will effectively enhance the underground space comprehensive disaster prevention capabilities. This paper identifies the main types of catastrophe facing Nanjing underground space,and systematically sorts out the main problems of Nanjing underground space in disaster prevention construction and management,and points out that the future underground space should meet the requirements of internal disaster prevention and external disaster mitigation.The relevant disaster prevention facilities are arranged,and implementation measures are formulated against the major disasters such as fire and flood. At the same time,the strategy of flood prevention and drainage,evacuation sites and emergency materials reserves and other projects together with the construction of underground space are cleared.Finally,with a combination of disaster strategy,the three major opportunities for the development and construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention facilities system are put forward in the future.
Safety is one of the important problems in underground space development and construction. If due to improper initial design,the general public's personal safety in the underground space will be seriously affected.Scientific planning will effectively enhance the underground space comprehensive disaster prevention capabilities. This paper identifies the main types of catastrophe facing Nanjing underground space,and systematically sorts out the main problems of Nanjing underground space in disaster prevention construction and management,and points out that the future underground space should meet the requirements of internal disaster prevention and external disaster mitigation.The relevant disaster prevention facilities are arranged,and implementation measures are formulated against the major disasters such as fire and flood. At the same time,the strategy of flood prevention and drainage,evacuation sites and emergency materials reserves and other projects together with the construction of underground space are cleared.Finally,with a combination of disaster strategy,the three major opportunities for the development and construction of the comprehensive disaster prevention facilities system are put forward in the future.
引文
[1]谢华.地下商业街火灾风险评价[D].沈阳:沈阳航空工业学院,2010.(Xie Hua.The assesment of fire risk on underground commercial street[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Aerospace University,2010.(in Chinese))
[2]郝树青.基于风险理论的城市地下空间火灾疏散技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.(Hao Shuqing.Underground city space fire evacuation research based on risk[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.(in Chinese))
[3]向鑫.轨道交通型地下综合体疏散空间设计研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012.(Xiang Xin.Research on the evacuation space design of underground complex with subway transportation[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[4]胡斌,田梦,吕元.地下商业综合体疏散设计探讨---以北京市海淀区个案为例[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(2):287-292.(Hu Bin,Tian Meng,LüYuan.Evacuation design of underground commercial complexes---cases in Haidian District,Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(2):287-292.(in Chinese))
[5]王晓波.长大隧道火灾安全疏散研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(5):1364-1370.(Wang Xiaobo.Research on safe evacuation in large and long tunnel during fire[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(5):1364-1370.(in Chinese))
[6]娄厦,刘曙光,钟桂辉,等.上海地下交通设施防洪调查[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(6):611-626.(Lou Sha,Liu Shuguang,Zhong Guihui,et al.Investigation on flood control of traffic facilities in underground spaces in Shanghai[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(6):611-626.(in Chinese))
[7]杨远.城市地下空间多灾种安全综合评价指标体系与方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009.(Yang Yuan.Research on the evaluation index-system and method of multi-disasters about underground space[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2009.(in Chinese))
[8]王頠,黄斌,周强,等.隧道总体风险评价的改进模糊评判方法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(2):531-538.(Wang Wei,Huang Bing,Zhou Qiang,et al.Improved fuzzy assessment method of total risk for tunnel engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,,12(2):531-538.(in Chinese))
[9]赵丽琴,袁煌,刘佳.城市地下公共空间事故隐患监控预警体系研究:以中关村大型地下空间为例[J].现代城市研究,2010(1):90-95.(Zhao Liqin,Yuan Huang,Liu Jia.The accidents potential monitoring and warning system of urban underground public space:a case study of Zhongguan village underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Modern Urban Research,2010(1):90-95.(in Chinese))
[10]柳文杰.城市地下空间突发事故应急处置与救援研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2012.(Liu Wenjie.Research on the emergency disposal and rescue of city underground space[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[11]唐立.公共治理视角下的城市地下空间安全管理研究:以南宁市为例[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.(Tang Li.Research on the security management of urban underground space based on the public governance theory in the Nanning city as an example[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2013.(in Chinese))
[12]徐静,谭章禄.基于智慧城市的地下空间安全管理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(1):1-5.(Xu Jing,Tan Zhanglu.Safety management of urban underground space in smart city[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(1):1-5.(in Chinese))
[13]王凤山,戎全兵,郭杰,等.地震作用下地下工程灾害风险集成化管理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(5):1385-1391.(Wang Fengshan,Rong Quanbing,Guo Jie,et al.Integrated risk management study on earthquake-damaged underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(5):1385-1391.(in Chinese))
[14]王殿玺.试论城市地下公共空间的反恐问题[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(1):14-18.(Wang Dianxi.On anti-terrorist attack in urban underground public space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(1):14-18.(in Chinese))
[15]谢新星.平战结合人防工程地下空间探讨[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.(Xie Xinxing.A discussion of the underground space of civil air defence shelter in both peacetime and wartime[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2013.(in Chinese))
[16]杨冬虎.高校园区人防通道与综合管廊综合利用探讨[D].北京:北京理工大学,2016.(Yang Donghu.College campus civil air defense channel and comprehensive utility tunnel comprehensive utilization discussion[D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2016.(in Chinese))
[2]郝树青.基于风险理论的城市地下空间火灾疏散技术研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.(Hao Shuqing.Underground city space fire evacuation research based on risk[D].Shanghai:Tongji University,2009.(in Chinese))
[3]向鑫.轨道交通型地下综合体疏散空间设计研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2012.(Xiang Xin.Research on the evacuation space design of underground complex with subway transportation[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[4]胡斌,田梦,吕元.地下商业综合体疏散设计探讨---以北京市海淀区个案为例[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(2):287-292.(Hu Bin,Tian Meng,LüYuan.Evacuation design of underground commercial complexes---cases in Haidian District,Beijing[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(2):287-292.(in Chinese))
[5]王晓波.长大隧道火灾安全疏散研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(5):1364-1370.(Wang Xiaobo.Research on safe evacuation in large and long tunnel during fire[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(5):1364-1370.(in Chinese))
[6]娄厦,刘曙光,钟桂辉,等.上海地下交通设施防洪调查[J].地下空间与工程学报,2010,6(6):611-626.(Lou Sha,Liu Shuguang,Zhong Guihui,et al.Investigation on flood control of traffic facilities in underground spaces in Shanghai[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2010,6(6):611-626.(in Chinese))
[7]杨远.城市地下空间多灾种安全综合评价指标体系与方法研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2009.(Yang Yuan.Research on the evaluation index-system and method of multi-disasters about underground space[D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2009.(in Chinese))
[8]王頠,黄斌,周强,等.隧道总体风险评价的改进模糊评判方法[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(2):531-538.(Wang Wei,Huang Bing,Zhou Qiang,et al.Improved fuzzy assessment method of total risk for tunnel engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,,12(2):531-538.(in Chinese))
[9]赵丽琴,袁煌,刘佳.城市地下公共空间事故隐患监控预警体系研究:以中关村大型地下空间为例[J].现代城市研究,2010(1):90-95.(Zhao Liqin,Yuan Huang,Liu Jia.The accidents potential monitoring and warning system of urban underground public space:a case study of Zhongguan village underground space[J].Chinese Journal of Modern Urban Research,2010(1):90-95.(in Chinese))
[10]柳文杰.城市地下空间突发事故应急处置与救援研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2012.(Liu Wenjie.Research on the emergency disposal and rescue of city underground space[D].Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology,2012.(in Chinese))
[11]唐立.公共治理视角下的城市地下空间安全管理研究:以南宁市为例[D].南宁:广西大学,2013.(Tang Li.Research on the security management of urban underground space based on the public governance theory in the Nanning city as an example[D].Nanning:Guangxi University,2013.(in Chinese))
[12]徐静,谭章禄.基于智慧城市的地下空间安全管理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(1):1-5.(Xu Jing,Tan Zhanglu.Safety management of urban underground space in smart city[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(1):1-5.(in Chinese))
[13]王凤山,戎全兵,郭杰,等.地震作用下地下工程灾害风险集成化管理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(5):1385-1391.(Wang Fengshan,Rong Quanbing,Guo Jie,et al.Integrated risk management study on earthquake-damaged underground engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2016,12(5):1385-1391.(in Chinese))
[14]王殿玺.试论城市地下公共空间的反恐问题[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(1):14-18.(Wang Dianxi.On anti-terrorist attack in urban underground public space[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(1):14-18.(in Chinese))
[15]谢新星.平战结合人防工程地下空间探讨[D].长沙:湖南大学,2013.(Xie Xinxing.A discussion of the underground space of civil air defence shelter in both peacetime and wartime[D].Changsha:Hunan University,2013.(in Chinese))
[16]杨冬虎.高校园区人防通道与综合管廊综合利用探讨[D].北京:北京理工大学,2016.(Yang Donghu.College campus civil air defense channel and comprehensive utility tunnel comprehensive utilization discussion[D].Beijing:Beijing Institute of Technology,2016.(in Chinese))