几种除草剂对科尔沁沙地苜蓿杂草的防控效果
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摘要
在苜蓿三个叶龄期施用除草剂研究其对苜蓿产量和杂草防控效果的影响,结果表明:咪唑乙烟酸对燕麦的防效随苜蓿叶期增加而降低,株防效和鲜重防效均为四叶期>五叶期>六叶期;咪唑乙烟酸和高效氟吡甲禾灵混用可以显著提高对燕麦的防效,苜蓿产量提高100～1000kg/hm2;辛酰溴苯腈与高效氟吡甲禾灵混用会降低对反枝苋的防效,但可提升对燕麦的防效,同时显著提升苜蓿产量1000～2000kg/hm2。综合考虑除草剂对苜蓿的安全性、产量以及对燕麦、反枝苋的防控效果,科尔沁沙地苜蓿苗期化学除草可在苜蓿四叶期、五叶期选用咪唑乙烟酸1200ml/hm2+高效氟吡甲禾灵660ml/hm2或咪唑乙烟酸1800ml/hm2+高效氟吡甲禾灵660ml/hm2,也可采用辛酰溴苯腈1050ml/hm2+高效氟吡甲禾灵660ml/hm2和辛酰溴苯腈1500ml/hm2+高效氟吡甲禾灵660ml/hm2。
The present study evaluated the effects of herbicide application on alfalfa yield and weed control at three leaf stages.Results showed that the control effect of imazethapyr on oats as the leaves aged.The control effect of plant and fresh weight on oat was higher when applied at the four-leaf stage than at the five-leaf stage,and much better than at the six-leaf stage;The mixture of imazethapyr and haloxyfopr-methyl significantly improved the control effect on oats and increased alfalfa yield by 100～1000kg/hm2.The combination of bromoxynil octanoate and haloxyfop-r-methyl could reduce the control effect on amaranthus retroflexus,but it increased the control effect on oats and significantly increased the yield of alfalfa by 1000 to 2000kg/hm2.With the comprehensive consideration of the safety of the herbicides,the increase in alfalfa yield,and the control effect of weeds,the herbicides of weed control seedling stage of alfalfa in the Horqin sandy land,should be the mixture of imazethapyr 1200ml/hm2+ haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 or imazethapyr 1800ml/hm2+ haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 at the four-and the five-leaf stages.The combination of bromoxynil octanoate 1050ml/hm2+haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 or bromoxynil octanoate 1500ml/hm2+ haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 was also recommended to achieve the similar increase in alfalfa yield at the four-and the five-leaf stage.
The present study evaluated the effects of herbicide application on alfalfa yield and weed control at three leaf stages.Results showed that the control effect of imazethapyr on oats as the leaves aged.The control effect of plant and fresh weight on oat was higher when applied at the four-leaf stage than at the five-leaf stage,and much better than at the six-leaf stage;The mixture of imazethapyr and haloxyfopr-methyl significantly improved the control effect on oats and increased alfalfa yield by 100～1000kg/hm2.The combination of bromoxynil octanoate and haloxyfop-r-methyl could reduce the control effect on amaranthus retroflexus,but it increased the control effect on oats and significantly increased the yield of alfalfa by 1000 to 2000kg/hm2.With the comprehensive consideration of the safety of the herbicides,the increase in alfalfa yield,and the control effect of weeds,the herbicides of weed control seedling stage of alfalfa in the Horqin sandy land,should be the mixture of imazethapyr 1200ml/hm2+ haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 or imazethapyr 1800ml/hm2+ haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 at the four-and the five-leaf stages.The combination of bromoxynil octanoate 1050ml/hm2+haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 or bromoxynil octanoate 1500ml/hm2+ haloxyfop-r-methyl 660ml/hm2 was also recommended to achieve the similar increase in alfalfa yield at the four-and the five-leaf stage.
引文
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[3] Dillehay B L,Curran W S.Comparison of herbicide programs for weed control in glyphosate-resistant alfalfa[J].Weed Technolgy,2010,24(2):130-138.
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[9]戚志强,胡跃高,曾昭海,等.十四种化学除草剂对沧州地区苜蓿地杂草防效试验[J].草原与草坪,2005(6):41-44.Qi Zhiqiang,Hu Yuegao,Zeng Zhaohai,et al.Effects of 14chemical herbicides on weed control of alfalfa in Cangzhou[J].Grassland and Turf,2005(6):41-44.
[10]蔡鹏元.不同除草剂对苜蓿田杂草的防效及苜蓿苗期安全性和生理指标的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.Cai Pengyuan.Effect of different herbicides on weed control on alfalfa safty and its physiological indexes in seedling stage[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2016.
[11]戚志强.苏南丘陵区秋播紫花苜蓿苗期杂草控制技术研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.Qi Zhiqiang.Weed control in autumn-seeded alfalfa seeding stage in south Jiangsu hilly area[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2003.
[12]王薇,陈为峰,孙晓平,等.不同除草剂对紫花苜蓿生长和杂草防除的影响[J].农药,2007(9):638-640.Wang Wei,Chen Weifeng,Sun Xiaoping,et al.Effects of herbicides to alfalfa growth and weeds control[J].Agrochemicals,2007(9):638-640.
[13]胡秀双.紫花苜蓿田如何科学应用除草剂[J].养殖技术顾问,2008(5):45.Hu XiuShuang.How to scientifically apply herbicides in alfalfa fields[J].Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry,2008(5):45.
[14]林建海,许瑞轩,项敏,等.春播紫花苜蓿苗期杂草的化学防治研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(4):714-719.Lin Jianhai,Xu Ruixuan,Xiang Min,et al.Chemical control of weeds in spring-seeded alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)seeding stage[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(4):714-719.
[15]朱铁霞,邓波,王显国,等.灌水量对科尔沁沙地苜蓿草产量、土壤含水量及二者相关性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(4):36-40.Zhu Tiexia,Deng Bo,Wang Xianguo,et al.The influence of irrigation amount on alfalfa yield,soil water content and correlationship in Keerqin sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(4):36-40.
[16]武菊英,江国铿,贾春虹,等.几种除草剂和助剂对苜蓿出苗和生长的影响[J].农药学学报,2002(1):52-57.Wu Juying,Jiang Guokeng,Jia Chunhong,et al.Response of seedling alfalfa(Medicago sativa)to various herbicides applied alone or in combination with adjuvants[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2002(1):52-57.
[17]曾昭海,胡跃高,张薇,等.几种除草剂防除苜蓿地杂草的试验[J].草业科学,2002,19(5):19-22.Zeng Zhaohai,Hu Yuegao,Zhang Wei,et al.Trials of several herbicides on weeds in alfalfa field[J].Pratacultural Science,2002,19(5):19-22.
[18] Marshsll E J P.Field-scale estimates of grass weed populations in arale land[J].Weed Research,1988,28(3):191-198.
[19]宋旭东,赵桂琴,柴继宽.不同类型除草剂的田间防效及其对裸燕麦带壳率和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):171-178.Song Xudong,Zhao Guiqin,Chai Jikuan.Effects of different herbicides on weed control,grain yield and hull rate in naked oat[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):171-178.
[20]鲁传涛.除草剂原理与应用原色图鉴[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2014:621.Lu Chuantao.Herbicide principle and application of color illustrations[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2014:621.
[21]唐韵.除草剂使用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:186-187.Tang Yun.Herbicide application technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2010:186-187.
[2] Wilson R G,Burgener P A.Evaluation of glyphosate-tolerant and conventional alfalfa weed control systems during the first year of establishment[J].Weed Technology,2009,23(2):257-263.
[3] Dillehay B L,Curran W S.Comparison of herbicide programs for weed control in glyphosate-resistant alfalfa[J].Weed Technolgy,2010,24(2):130-138.
[4] Arregui M C,Sanchez D,Scotta R.Weed control in established alfalfa(Medicago sativa)with postemergence herbicides[J].Weed Technology,2001,15(3):424-428.
[5] Braddley K,Kallenbach R,Roberts C A,et al.Influence of seeding rate and herbicide treatments on weed control yield and quality of spring-speeded glyphosate-resistant alfalfa[J].Agronomy Journal,2010,102(2):751-758.
[6] Moyer J R,Acharya S N.Impact of cultivars and herbicides on weed management in alfalfa[J].Canadian Journal of Plant Science,2006,86(3):875-885.
[7] Pacanoski Z.Weed control in newly seeded alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)with postemergence herbicides[J].Herbologia,2001,12(3):55-64.
[8]安瑞军,张立明,张冬梅.紫花苜蓿苗期除草剂筛选及防效试验[J].草业科学,2006,23(2):71-72.An Ruijun,Zhang Liming,Zhang Dongmei.A study on selection and effects of herbicide in the seedling period of alfalfa[J].Pratacultural Science,2006,23(2):71-72.
[9]戚志强,胡跃高,曾昭海,等.十四种化学除草剂对沧州地区苜蓿地杂草防效试验[J].草原与草坪,2005(6):41-44.Qi Zhiqiang,Hu Yuegao,Zeng Zhaohai,et al.Effects of 14chemical herbicides on weed control of alfalfa in Cangzhou[J].Grassland and Turf,2005(6):41-44.
[10]蔡鹏元.不同除草剂对苜蓿田杂草的防效及苜蓿苗期安全性和生理指标的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.Cai Pengyuan.Effect of different herbicides on weed control on alfalfa safty and its physiological indexes in seedling stage[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2016.
[11]戚志强.苏南丘陵区秋播紫花苜蓿苗期杂草控制技术研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2003.Qi Zhiqiang.Weed control in autumn-seeded alfalfa seeding stage in south Jiangsu hilly area[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2003.
[12]王薇,陈为峰,孙晓平,等.不同除草剂对紫花苜蓿生长和杂草防除的影响[J].农药,2007(9):638-640.Wang Wei,Chen Weifeng,Sun Xiaoping,et al.Effects of herbicides to alfalfa growth and weeds control[J].Agrochemicals,2007(9):638-640.
[13]胡秀双.紫花苜蓿田如何科学应用除草剂[J].养殖技术顾问,2008(5):45.Hu XiuShuang.How to scientifically apply herbicides in alfalfa fields[J].Technical Advisor for Animal Husbandry,2008(5):45.
[14]林建海,许瑞轩,项敏,等.春播紫花苜蓿苗期杂草的化学防治研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(4):714-719.Lin Jianhai,Xu Ruixuan,Xiang Min,et al.Chemical control of weeds in spring-seeded alfalfa(Medicago sativa L.)seeding stage[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(4):714-719.
[15]朱铁霞,邓波,王显国,等.灌水量对科尔沁沙地苜蓿草产量、土壤含水量及二者相关性的影响[J].中国草地学报,2017,39(4):36-40.Zhu Tiexia,Deng Bo,Wang Xianguo,et al.The influence of irrigation amount on alfalfa yield,soil water content and correlationship in Keerqin sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2017,39(4):36-40.
[16]武菊英,江国铿,贾春虹,等.几种除草剂和助剂对苜蓿出苗和生长的影响[J].农药学学报,2002(1):52-57.Wu Juying,Jiang Guokeng,Jia Chunhong,et al.Response of seedling alfalfa(Medicago sativa)to various herbicides applied alone or in combination with adjuvants[J].Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science,2002(1):52-57.
[17]曾昭海,胡跃高,张薇,等.几种除草剂防除苜蓿地杂草的试验[J].草业科学,2002,19(5):19-22.Zeng Zhaohai,Hu Yuegao,Zhang Wei,et al.Trials of several herbicides on weeds in alfalfa field[J].Pratacultural Science,2002,19(5):19-22.
[18] Marshsll E J P.Field-scale estimates of grass weed populations in arale land[J].Weed Research,1988,28(3):191-198.
[19]宋旭东,赵桂琴,柴继宽.不同类型除草剂的田间防效及其对裸燕麦带壳率和产量的影响[J].草业学报,2016,25(1):171-178.Song Xudong,Zhao Guiqin,Chai Jikuan.Effects of different herbicides on weed control,grain yield and hull rate in naked oat[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2016,25(1):171-178.
[20]鲁传涛.除草剂原理与应用原色图鉴[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2014:621.Lu Chuantao.Herbicide principle and application of color illustrations[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2014:621.
[21]唐韵.除草剂使用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010:186-187.Tang Yun.Herbicide application technology[M].Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2010:186-187.