低强高脆岩爆模型材料配比试验研究
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摘要
深部硬岩隧洞开挖卸荷常诱发高强度岩爆灾害,岩爆已成为影响隧洞工程安全建设的关键问题。物理模型试验作为研究深部隧洞开挖工程的重要手段之一,其材料的性质特征对试验结果影响很大,配制出适合开展岩爆物理模型试验的模型材料是研究的关键。在传统岩爆模型材料研制的基础上,通过引入岩爆倾向性指数和脆性评价指标,采用正交设计法和敏感性分析,开展低强度、高脆性的岩爆模型材料配比试验研究。试验选择石英砂含量、重晶石粉含量、高强石膏与水泥质量比和水含量4个影响因素,每个因素设置5个设计水平,共25组配比方案。每组配比方案均测定模型材料的强度、力学参数、岩爆倾向性指数和脆性评价指标,并研究这些参数和指标随4个影响因素在不同设计水平下的变化规律。最后,针对挑选出的岩爆模型材料,分析讨论了各影响因素与岩爆倾向性、脆性之间的相互关系。试验结果表明:基于岩爆倾向性指数和脆性评价指标,所配制的岩爆模型材料满足物理模型试验要求;配制岩爆模型材料重点要控制重晶石粉和水的含量,并合理调节高强石膏与水泥质量比。
The excavation unloading activities in deep hard rock tunnels often induce high-intensity rockburst disasters, which has become a key issue affecting the safety construction of tunnels. The physical model test is an important method to study the deep tunnel excavation, and the properties of model materials have great influences on the testing results. Thus, it is the key to prepare materials suitable for the physical model test. Based on the development of the traditional rockburst model materials, this paper introduces the rockburst proneness index and brittleness evaluation index. Combing with the orthogonal design method and sensitivity analysis, the experiments were carried out to investigate the rockburst model materials with low-strength and high-brittleness. We analyzed five influencing factors, including the quartz sand content, barite content, water content and the mass ratio of high-strength gypsum and cement. Each factor was set at five levels, a total of 25 matching schemes. The material strength,mechanical parameters, rockburst proneness index and brittleness evaluation index of model materials were measured in each matching scheme, and the variation of these parameters and indexes were studied under different design levels. Finally, the relationships among the influencing factors, rockburst proneness and brittleness of the selected rockburst model materials were discussed. The results show that: 1) According to the rockburst proneness index and brittleness evaluation index, the prepared model materials meet the requirements of the physical model tests. 2) It is important to control the contents of barite powder and water and to adjust the mass ratio of high-strength gypsum to cement properly.
The excavation unloading activities in deep hard rock tunnels often induce high-intensity rockburst disasters, which has become a key issue affecting the safety construction of tunnels. The physical model test is an important method to study the deep tunnel excavation, and the properties of model materials have great influences on the testing results. Thus, it is the key to prepare materials suitable for the physical model test. Based on the development of the traditional rockburst model materials, this paper introduces the rockburst proneness index and brittleness evaluation index. Combing with the orthogonal design method and sensitivity analysis, the experiments were carried out to investigate the rockburst model materials with low-strength and high-brittleness. We analyzed five influencing factors, including the quartz sand content, barite content, water content and the mass ratio of high-strength gypsum and cement. Each factor was set at five levels, a total of 25 matching schemes. The material strength,mechanical parameters, rockburst proneness index and brittleness evaluation index of model materials were measured in each matching scheme, and the variation of these parameters and indexes were studied under different design levels. Finally, the relationships among the influencing factors, rockburst proneness and brittleness of the selected rockburst model materials were discussed. The results show that: 1) According to the rockburst proneness index and brittleness evaluation index, the prepared model materials meet the requirements of the physical model tests. 2) It is important to control the contents of barite powder and water and to adjust the mass ratio of high-strength gypsum to cement properly.
引文
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[4]刘泉声,王俊涛,肖龙鸽,等.OFDR光纤传感技术在十字岩柱暗挖法物理模型试验中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(5):1064-1075.LIU Quan-sheng,WANG Jun-tao,XIAO Long-ge,et al.Application of OFDR-based sensing technology in geo-mechanical model test on tunnel excavation using cross rock pillar method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(5):1064-1075.
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[6]杨金旺,陈媛,张林,等.基于地质力学模型试验综合法的顺层岩质高边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):131-140.YANG Jin-wang,CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Lin,et al.Stability of high bedding slope of rock based on comprehensive geo-mechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):131-140.
[7]张强勇,李术才,郭小红,等.铁晶砂胶结新型岩土模型材料的研制及其应用[J].岩土力学,2008,29(8):2126-2130.ZHANG Qiang-yong,LI Shu-cai,GUO Xiao-hong,et al.Research and development of new typed cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(8):2126-2130.
[8]杨淑清.隧洞岩爆机制物理模型试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1993,26(2):161-166.YANG Shu-qing.An experimental study on rockburst mechanism around tunnels by physieal simulation[J].Journal of Wuhan Hydraulic Power University,1993,26(2):161-166.
[9]费鸿禄,徐小荷,唐春安.岩爆模拟材料特性分析[J].阜新矿业学院学报(自然科学版),1994,13(2):19-24.FEI Hong-lu,XU Xiao-he,TANG Chun-an.Study of complete load deformation curve of simulating materials for roekbursts[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute(Natural Seience),1994,13(2):19-24.
[10]潘一山,章梦涛,王来贵,等.地下硐室岩爆的相似材料模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):49-56.PAN Yi-shan,ZHANG Meng-tao,WANG Lai-gui,et al.Study on rockburst by equivalent material simulation tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(4):49-56.
[11]徐文胜,许迎年,王元汉.岩爆模拟材料的筛选试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增刊1):873-877.XU Wen-sheng,XU Ying-nian,WANG Yuan-han.Experimental study on simolation materials of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(Suppl.1):873-877.
[12]李连贵,徐文胜,许迎年,等.岩爆模拟材料研制及模拟试验分析[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(6):80-82.LI Lian-gui,XU Wen-sheng,XU Ying-nian,et al.Experimental study on simulation materials of rockburst[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2001,29(6):80-82.
[13]BURGERT W,LIPPMAN M.Models of translatory rock bursting in coal[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(4):285-294.
[14]陈陆望,白世伟.脆性岩体岩想倾向性的模型材料配比试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增刊2):1050-1054.CHEN Lu-wang,BAI Shi-wei.Proportioning test study on similar material of rockburst tendency of brittle rockmass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Suppl.2):1050-1054.
[15]李天斌,王湘锋,孟陆波.岩爆的模型材料物理模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):2610-2616.LI Tian-bin,WANG Xiang-feng,MENG Lu-bo.Physical simulation study of simialr materials for rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):2610-2616.
[16]陈智强,张永兴,周检英.基于数字散斑技术的深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向模型材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):141-148.CHEN Zhi-qiang,ZHANG Yong-xing,ZHOU Jian-ying.Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):141-148.
[17]周辉,孟凡震,张传庆,等.岩爆物理模拟试验研究现状及思考[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(5):915-923.ZHOU Hui,MENG Fan-zhen,ZHANG Chuan-qing,et al.Review and status of research on physical simulation test for rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(5):915-923.
[18]张传庆,卢景景,陈珺,等.岩爆倾向性指标及其相互关系探讨[J].岩土力学,2017,38(5):1397-1404.ZHANG Chuan-qing,LU Jing-jing,CHEN Jun,et al.Discussion on rock burst proneness indexes and their relation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(5):1397-1404.
[19]HOMAND F,PIGUET J P,REVALOR R.Dynamic phenomena in mines and characteristics of rocks[C]//Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990:139-142.
[20]KIDYBINSKI A.Bursting liability indices of coal[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(4):295-304.
[21]周辉,孟凡震,张传庆,等.基于应力-应变曲线的岩石脆性特征定量评价方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1114-1122.ZHOU Hui,MENG Fan-zhen,ZHANG Chuan-qing,et al.Quantitative evaluation methods of rock brittleness based on the stress strain curve[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1114-1122.
[22]MENG Fan-zhen,ZHOU Hui,ZHANG Chuan-qing,et al.Evaluation methodology of brittleness of rock based on post-peak stress-strain curves[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(5):1787-1805.
[2]陈浩,任伟中,李丹,等.深隧道围岩稳定性的数值模拟与模型试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(2):615-620.CHEN Hao,REN Wei-zhong,LI Dan,et al.Numerical simulation and model test study of stability of surrounding rock for deep tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(2):615-620.
[3]陈智强,张永兴,周检英,等.基于数字散斑技术的深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向模型材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):141-148.CHEN Zhi-qiang,ZHANG Yong-xing,ZHOU Jian-ying,et al.Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):141-148.
[4]刘泉声,王俊涛,肖龙鸽,等.OFDR光纤传感技术在十字岩柱暗挖法物理模型试验中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(5):1064-1075.LIU Quan-sheng,WANG Jun-tao,XIAO Long-ge,et al.Application of OFDR-based sensing technology in geo-mechanical model test on tunnel excavation using cross rock pillar method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(5):1064-1075.
[5]LU Ai-hong,MAO Xian-biao,LIU Hai-shun.Physical simulation of rock burst induced by stress waves[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2008,18(3):401-405.
[6]杨金旺,陈媛,张林,等.基于地质力学模型试验综合法的顺层岩质高边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(1):131-140.YANG Jin-wang,CHEN Yuan,ZHANG Lin,et al.Stability of high bedding slope of rock based on comprehensive geo-mechanical model test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2018,37(1):131-140.
[7]张强勇,李术才,郭小红,等.铁晶砂胶结新型岩土模型材料的研制及其应用[J].岩土力学,2008,29(8):2126-2130.ZHANG Qiang-yong,LI Shu-cai,GUO Xiao-hong,et al.Research and development of new typed cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(8):2126-2130.
[8]杨淑清.隧洞岩爆机制物理模型试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1993,26(2):161-166.YANG Shu-qing.An experimental study on rockburst mechanism around tunnels by physieal simulation[J].Journal of Wuhan Hydraulic Power University,1993,26(2):161-166.
[9]费鸿禄,徐小荷,唐春安.岩爆模拟材料特性分析[J].阜新矿业学院学报(自然科学版),1994,13(2):19-24.FEI Hong-lu,XU Xiao-he,TANG Chun-an.Study of complete load deformation curve of simulating materials for roekbursts[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute(Natural Seience),1994,13(2):19-24.
[10]潘一山,章梦涛,王来贵,等.地下硐室岩爆的相似材料模拟试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(4):49-56.PAN Yi-shan,ZHANG Meng-tao,WANG Lai-gui,et al.Study on rockburst by equivalent material simulation tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(4):49-56.
[11]徐文胜,许迎年,王元汉.岩爆模拟材料的筛选试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增刊1):873-877.XU Wen-sheng,XU Ying-nian,WANG Yuan-han.Experimental study on simolation materials of rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(Suppl.1):873-877.
[12]李连贵,徐文胜,许迎年,等.岩爆模拟材料研制及模拟试验分析[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2001,29(6):80-82.LI Lian-gui,XU Wen-sheng,XU Ying-nian,et al.Experimental study on simulation materials of rockburst[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2001,29(6):80-82.
[13]BURGERT W,LIPPMAN M.Models of translatory rock bursting in coal[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(4):285-294.
[14]陈陆望,白世伟.脆性岩体岩想倾向性的模型材料配比试验研究[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增刊2):1050-1054.CHEN Lu-wang,BAI Shi-wei.Proportioning test study on similar material of rockburst tendency of brittle rockmass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(Suppl.2):1050-1054.
[15]李天斌,王湘锋,孟陆波.岩爆的模型材料物理模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):2610-2616.LI Tian-bin,WANG Xiang-feng,MENG Lu-bo.Physical simulation study of simialr materials for rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):2610-2616.
[16]陈智强,张永兴,周检英.基于数字散斑技术的深埋隧道围岩岩爆倾向模型材料试验研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):141-148.CHEN Zhi-qiang,ZHANG Yong-xing,ZHOU Jian-ying.Experimental study of deep tunnel surrounding rock rockburst proneness with similarity material simulating method based on digital speckle correlation technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):141-148.
[17]周辉,孟凡震,张传庆,等.岩爆物理模拟试验研究现状及思考[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(5):915-923.ZHOU Hui,MENG Fan-zhen,ZHANG Chuan-qing,et al.Review and status of research on physical simulation test for rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(5):915-923.
[18]张传庆,卢景景,陈珺,等.岩爆倾向性指标及其相互关系探讨[J].岩土力学,2017,38(5):1397-1404.ZHANG Chuan-qing,LU Jing-jing,CHEN Jun,et al.Discussion on rock burst proneness indexes and their relation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(5):1397-1404.
[19]HOMAND F,PIGUET J P,REVALOR R.Dynamic phenomena in mines and characteristics of rocks[C]//Rockbursts and Seismicity in Mines.Rotterdam:A.A.Balkema,1990:139-142.
[20]KIDYBINSKI A.Bursting liability indices of coal[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics Mining Sciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(4):295-304.
[21]周辉,孟凡震,张传庆,等.基于应力-应变曲线的岩石脆性特征定量评价方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(6):1114-1122.ZHOU Hui,MENG Fan-zhen,ZHANG Chuan-qing,et al.Quantitative evaluation methods of rock brittleness based on the stress strain curve[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(6):1114-1122.
[22]MENG Fan-zhen,ZHOU Hui,ZHANG Chuan-qing,et al.Evaluation methodology of brittleness of rock based on post-peak stress-strain curves[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2015,48(5):1787-1805.