一种彩色栅格地图注记识别方法
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摘要
栅格地图中的注记包含了丰富的地理位置信息,传统的栅格地图注记识别方法在识别过程中将注记和其对应的地理要素相分离,因此难以处理倾斜注记和弯曲注记。以连通域单元为基本处理对象,提出了一种基于几何特征的彩色栅格地图注记识别方法。首先利用连通域单元的方向、尺寸、密度、邻域四个特征提取注记像素集合,然后通过地理要素中心线对非水平注记进行方向确定,最后对注记进行聚类和重新排列,完成注记识别。通过对GoogleMap(谷歌地图)瓦片中的注记进行提取和识别实验,证明了该方法的合理性和有效性。
The annotations in raster maps contain important geographical location information,but the traditional recognition methods of raster map annotation separate annotations from geographic elements,making it difficult to deal with curved and sloping annotations.This paper proposes a method for color raster map annotation recognition based on geometric features.The method considers the orientation,size,density,and neighborhood of the connected components to extract annotation pixels,then corrects the direction by extracting the centerline of geographical elements,clustering,and rearranging annotations before finishing the recognition.We use GoogleMap in experiments,the proposed method was effective.
The annotations in raster maps contain important geographical location information,but the traditional recognition methods of raster map annotation separate annotations from geographic elements,making it difficult to deal with curved and sloping annotations.This paper proposes a method for color raster map annotation recognition based on geometric features.The method considers the orientation,size,density,and neighborhood of the connected components to extract annotation pixels,then corrects the direction by extracting the centerline of geographical elements,clustering,and rearranging annotations before finishing the recognition.We use GoogleMap in experiments,the proposed method was effective.
引文
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[2]Chen L H,Wang J Y.A System for Extracting and Recognizing Numeral Strings on Maps[C].The 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition,Ulm,Germany,1997
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[8]Pouderoux J,Gonzato J C,Pereira A,et al.Toponym Recognition in Scanned Color Topographic Maps[C].The 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition,Parana,Brazil,2007
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[10]Chen Rui,Zhang Zuxun,Zhang Jianqing.Identification of Digital Elevation Annotation in Scanned Map[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2002,27(2):194-198(陈睿,张祖勋,张剑清.扫描地形图中数字高程注记的提取和识别[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2002,27(2):194-198)
[11]Zhang Xiaotong,Li Lin.Intelligent Automated Cartographic Text Placement of Area Features[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(7):762-765(张晓通,李霖.面状要素注记智能化配置方法研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(7):762-765)
[12]Fan Hong,Zhang Zuxun,Du Daosheng.The Algorithm Design and Implementation of Adding Annotation to Map for Linear Feature Automatically[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1999,28(1):1-6(樊红,张祖勋,杜道生.地图线状要素自动注记的算法设计与实现[J].测绘学报,1999,28(1):1-6)
[13]Zhou Pin,Ma Shaoping,Jiang Zhe.Modification of the Chinese Character Segmentation Method Based on Units Amalgamation[J].Journal of Chinese Information Processing,1999,13(2):33-39(周嫔,马少平,姜哲.基于单元合并的汉字切分算法的改进[J].中文信息学报,1999,13(2):33-39)
[14]Hai Tao,Bao Yuanlu.Recognition and Extraction of Road from Color Raster Traffic Map Image[J]Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2005,17(9):2 010-2 014(海涛,鲍远律.彩色栅格交通地图图像中道路识别与提取[J].计算机辅助设计与图形图像学学报,2005,17(9):2 010-2 014)
[2]Chen L H,Wang J Y.A System for Extracting and Recognizing Numeral Strings on Maps[C].The 4th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition,Ulm,Germany,1997
[3]Deseilligny M P,Men H L,Stamon G.Character String Recognition on Maps,a Rotation-invariant Recognition Method[J].Pattern Recognition Letters,1995,16(12):1 297-1 310
[4]Fletcher L A,Kasturi R.A Robust Algorithm for Text String Separation from Mixed Text/Graphics Images[J].IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1988,10(6):910-918
[5]Goto H,Aso H.Extracting Curved Text Lines Using Local Linearity of the Text Line[J].International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition,1999,2(2):111-119
[6]Pal U,Sinha S,Chaudhuri B B.Multi-oriented English Text Line Identification[M]//Bigun J,Gustavsson T.Image Analysis.Heidelberg:Springer,2003:1 146-1 153
[7]Velázquez A,Levachkine S.Text/Graphics Separation and Recognition in Raster-scanned Color Cartographic Maps[M]//Lladós J,Kwon Y.Graphics Recognition.Recent Advances and Perspectives.Heidelberg:Springer,2004:63-74
[8]Pouderoux J,Gonzato J C,Pereira A,et al.Toponym Recognition in Scanned Color Topographic Maps[C].The 9th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition,Parana,Brazil,2007
[9]Roy P P,Pal U,Lladós J,et al.Multi-orientedEnglish Text Line Extraction Using Background and Foreground Information[C].The 8th IAPR International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems,Nara,Japan,2008
[10]Chen Rui,Zhang Zuxun,Zhang Jianqing.Identification of Digital Elevation Annotation in Scanned Map[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2002,27(2):194-198(陈睿,张祖勋,张剑清.扫描地形图中数字高程注记的提取和识别[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2002,27(2):194-198)
[11]Zhang Xiaotong,Li Lin.Intelligent Automated Cartographic Text Placement of Area Features[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2008,33(7):762-765(张晓通,李霖.面状要素注记智能化配置方法研究[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2008,33(7):762-765)
[12]Fan Hong,Zhang Zuxun,Du Daosheng.The Algorithm Design and Implementation of Adding Annotation to Map for Linear Feature Automatically[J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,1999,28(1):1-6(樊红,张祖勋,杜道生.地图线状要素自动注记的算法设计与实现[J].测绘学报,1999,28(1):1-6)
[13]Zhou Pin,Ma Shaoping,Jiang Zhe.Modification of the Chinese Character Segmentation Method Based on Units Amalgamation[J].Journal of Chinese Information Processing,1999,13(2):33-39(周嫔,马少平,姜哲.基于单元合并的汉字切分算法的改进[J].中文信息学报,1999,13(2):33-39)
[14]Hai Tao,Bao Yuanlu.Recognition and Extraction of Road from Color Raster Traffic Map Image[J]Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,2005,17(9):2 010-2 014(海涛,鲍远律.彩色栅格交通地图图像中道路识别与提取[J].计算机辅助设计与图形图像学学报,2005,17(9):2 010-2 014)