特快速暂态过电压光学测量系统的设计
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摘要
提出一种应用Pockles效应的特快速暂态过电压(VFTO)光学测量方法。通过光学敏感头感应一次VFTO信号,并将电压的变化信息通过光缆传输至电气单元进行解析,最终得到实际电压。该传感器采用光学测量方式,具有可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、测量精度高、测量频带宽的优点。设计制作的新型光学传感器的低频截止频率低于10 Hz,高频截止频率高于1 GHz。对隔离开关操作所引发的VFTO进行了测量试验,通过同步触发装置同时采集两侧安装的光学传感头和电容式传感头信号,对比验证了VFTO光学测量方法的可行性。试验结果表明:光学测量方式与电容式测量方式均反映了刀闸分合闸的过程,2种方式的分合闸持续时间测量结果吻合较好;电容式测量方式测得的VFTO振荡幅度明显小于光学方式的测量结果,光学测量方式在高频段性能要优于电容式测量方式。
An optical method of VFTO(Very Fast Transient Over-voltage) measuring based on Pockels effect is proposed. The primary signals of VFTO is acquired by the optical sensing head and transmitted via optical cable to the electric cells,where they are analyzed for obtaining the actual voltage. The optical sensor has high reliability,strong anti-interference ability,high measurement accuracy and wide frequency band. The low cut-off frequency of the designed optical sensor is lower than 10 Hz and its high cut-off frequency is higher than 1 GHz. A test system is applied to measure the VFTO generated by isolator operation,which collects the signals synchronously acquired by both optical sensor and capacitor-type sensor.Comparison of the measured waveforms verifies the feasibility of the designed optical measuring method of VFTO. The test results show that,both the capacitance measurement method and the optical measurement method reflect the process of breaker close / open operation;the close / open operation durations measured by both methods match well;the VFTO oscillation amplitude measured by capacitance measurement method is obviously smaller than that of optical measurement method;and the measuring performance of optical measurement method in high-frequency band is better than that of capacitance measurement method.
An optical method of VFTO(Very Fast Transient Over-voltage) measuring based on Pockels effect is proposed. The primary signals of VFTO is acquired by the optical sensing head and transmitted via optical cable to the electric cells,where they are analyzed for obtaining the actual voltage. The optical sensor has high reliability,strong anti-interference ability,high measurement accuracy and wide frequency band. The low cut-off frequency of the designed optical sensor is lower than 10 Hz and its high cut-off frequency is higher than 1 GHz. A test system is applied to measure the VFTO generated by isolator operation,which collects the signals synchronously acquired by both optical sensor and capacitor-type sensor.Comparison of the measured waveforms verifies the feasibility of the designed optical measuring method of VFTO. The test results show that,both the capacitance measurement method and the optical measurement method reflect the process of breaker close / open operation;the close / open operation durations measured by both methods match well;the VFTO oscillation amplitude measured by capacitance measurement method is obviously smaller than that of optical measurement method;and the measuring performance of optical measurement method in high-frequency band is better than that of capacitance measurement method.
引文
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[2]MEPPELINK J,DIEDERICH K,FESER K,et al.Very fast transients in GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(1):223-233.
[3]岳功昌,刘卫东,陈维江.气体绝缘开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压的全过程测量方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):18-27.YUE Gongchang,LIU Weidong,CHEN Weijiang.Measurement methods of very fast transient overvoltage in gas insulated switchgear with complete process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(31):18-27.
[4]周浩,李济沅,王东举,等.±800 k V特高压直流输电线路单极接地故障过电压产生机理及影响因素[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(4):1-6.ZHOU Hao,LI Jiyuan,WANG Dongju,et al.Overvoltage generation mechanism during single-pole grounding fault of±800 k V UHVDC transmission lines and its influencing factors[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(4):1-6.
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[7]史保壮,李智敏,张文元,等.超高压GIS中快速暂态过电压造成危害的原因分析[J].电网技术,1998,22(1):1-3.SHI Baozhuang,LI Zhimin,ZHANG Wenyuan,et al.Analysis of the reason why VFTO may endanger GIS above 300 k V[J].Power System Technology,1998,22(1):1-3.
[8]邵冲,杨钰,王赞基.GIS开关电弧建模及其对VFTO波形的影响[J].电网技术,2010,34(7):200-205.SHAO Chong,YANG Yu,WANG Zanji.Modeling of GIS switching arc and its effect on VFTO waveforms[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(7):200-205.
[9]邓军,肖遥,楚金伟,等.±800 k V云广特高压直流线路合成电场仿真计算与测试分析[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(2):125-132.DENG Jun,XIAO Yao,CHU Jinwei,et al.Simulative calculation and measurement analysis of total electric field for±800 k V Yunnan-Guangzhou UHVDC transmission lines[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(2):125-132.
[10]卢铁兵,崔翔.变电站空载母线波过程的数值分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(6):39-42.LU Tiebing,CUI Xiang.Numerical analysis of wave processes for buses without load in substations using FDTD[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(6):39-42.
[11]林莘,李爽,徐建源,等.考虑GIS外壳传输特性的VFTO计算模型[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):203-207.LIN Xin,LI Shuang,XU Jianyuan,et al.Calculation model of VFTO considering transmitting characteristics of GIS enclosure[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):203-207.
[12]马国明,李成榕,全江涛,等.采用套管传感器测量变压器线端快速暂态过电压的方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(33):122-128.MA Guoming,LI Chengrong,QUAN Jiangtao,et al.Measurement of VFTO on transformer entrance with transformer bushing sensor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(33):122-128.
[13]项祖涛,刘卫东,钱家骊,等.磁环抑制GIS中特快速暂态过电压的模拟试验和仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(19):101-105.XIANG Zutao,LIU Weidong,QIAN Jiali,et al.Simulation test and computation of suppressing very fast transient overvoltage in GIS by magnetic rings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(19):101-105.
[14]POVH D,SCHMITT H,VALCKER O,et al.Modelling and analysis guidelines for very fast transients[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(4):2028-2035.
[15]OSMOKROVI P,PETKOVI D,MARKOVI O.Measuring probe for fast transients monitoring in gas insulated substation[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1997,47(1):36-44.
[16]KUMAR V V,THOMAS J.Capacitive sensor for the measurement of VFTO in GIS[C]∥Eleventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.London,UK:IEEE,1999:156-159.
[17]史保壮,张文元,邱毓昌.测量气体绝缘变电站中快速暂态过电压的微分积分方法[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5):59-61,29.SHI Baozhuang,ZHANG Wenyuan,QIU Yuchang.Differentiating/integrating system for the measurement of very fast transient overvoltages in GIS[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(5):59-61,29.
[18]欧阳佳,刘金亮,田亮,等.纳秒级不同脉宽的信号对电容分压器的影响[J].高电压技术,2004,30(12):42-44.OUYANG Jia,LIU Jinliang,TIAN Liang,et al.Influence of different input signals with nanosecond pulsewidth on capacitive voltage divider[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(12):42-44.
[19]卫兵,傅贞,王玉娟,等.脉冲功率装置中电容分压器的设计和应用[J].高电压技术,2007,33(12):39-43.WEI Bing,FU Zhen,WANG Yujuan,et al.Design and per-formance of capacitive divider for high-voltage pulse measurement[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(12):39-43.
[20]SEEGER M,BEHRMANN G,CORIC B,et al.Application of electrical field sensors in GIS for measuring high voltage signals over the frequency range 10 Hz to 100 MHz[C]∥Eleventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.London,UK:IEEE,1999:292-296.
[21]任稳柱,冯建华,葛震,等.800 k V标准冲击电压测量系统及其不确定度的评定[J].计量学报,2008,29(2):153-158.REN Wenzhu,FENG Jianhua,GE Zhen,et al.800 k V standard impulse voltage measuring system and the uncertainty of evaluation[J].Acta Metrologica Sinica,2008,29(2):153-158.
[22]冯慈璋.电磁场[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1988:139-142.
[23]岳功昌,刘卫东,陈维江,等.特高压气体绝缘组合开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压测量系统的标定[J].高电压技术,2012,38(2):342-349.YUE Gongchang,LIU Weidong,CHEN Weijiang,et al.Calibration of very fast transient overvoltage measurement system for ultra high voltage gas insulated switchgear[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(2):342-349.
[24]KANOI M,TAKAHASHI G,SATO T,et al.Optical voltage and current measurement system for electric power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1986,1(1):91-97.
[2]MEPPELINK J,DIEDERICH K,FESER K,et al.Very fast transients in GIS[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1989,4(1):223-233.
[3]岳功昌,刘卫东,陈维江.气体绝缘开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压的全过程测量方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2011,31(31):18-27.YUE Gongchang,LIU Weidong,CHEN Weijiang.Measurement methods of very fast transient overvoltage in gas insulated switchgear with complete process[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2011,31(31):18-27.
[4]周浩,李济沅,王东举,等.±800 k V特高压直流输电线路单极接地故障过电压产生机理及影响因素[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(4):1-6.ZHOU Hao,LI Jiyuan,WANG Dongju,et al.Overvoltage generation mechanism during single-pole grounding fault of±800 k V UHVDC transmission lines and its influencing factors[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(4):1-6.
[5]郭洁,刘振,赵丹丹,等.750 k V GIS中运行方式对快速暂态过电压的影响[J].电网技术,2008,32(增刊2):233-235.GUO Jie,LIU Zhen,ZHAO Dandan,et al.Influence of operation modes to very fast transient voltage in 750 k V GIS[J].Power System Technology,2008,32(Supplement 2):233-235.
[6]尹晓芳,于力,刘广维.封闭式组合电器隔离开关产生的过电压[J].中国电机工程学报,2002,22(7):111-114.YIN Xiaofang,YU Li,LIU Guangwei.Overvoltage fromgas insulated switchgear disconnector[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2002,22(7):111-114.
[7]史保壮,李智敏,张文元,等.超高压GIS中快速暂态过电压造成危害的原因分析[J].电网技术,1998,22(1):1-3.SHI Baozhuang,LI Zhimin,ZHANG Wenyuan,et al.Analysis of the reason why VFTO may endanger GIS above 300 k V[J].Power System Technology,1998,22(1):1-3.
[8]邵冲,杨钰,王赞基.GIS开关电弧建模及其对VFTO波形的影响[J].电网技术,2010,34(7):200-205.SHAO Chong,YANG Yu,WANG Zanji.Modeling of GIS switching arc and its effect on VFTO waveforms[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(7):200-205.
[9]邓军,肖遥,楚金伟,等.±800 k V云广特高压直流线路合成电场仿真计算与测试分析[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(2):125-132.DENG Jun,XIAO Yao,CHU Jinwei,et al.Simulative calculation and measurement analysis of total electric field for±800 k V Yunnan-Guangzhou UHVDC transmission lines[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(2):125-132.
[10]卢铁兵,崔翔.变电站空载母线波过程的数值分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(6):39-42.LU Tiebing,CUI Xiang.Numerical analysis of wave processes for buses without load in substations using FDTD[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2000,20(6):39-42.
[11]林莘,李爽,徐建源,等.考虑GIS外壳传输特性的VFTO计算模型[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):203-207.LIN Xin,LI Shuang,XU Jianyuan,et al.Calculation model of VFTO considering transmitting characteristics of GIS enclosure[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):203-207.
[12]马国明,李成榕,全江涛,等.采用套管传感器测量变压器线端快速暂态过电压的方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2010,30(33):122-128.MA Guoming,LI Chengrong,QUAN Jiangtao,et al.Measurement of VFTO on transformer entrance with transformer bushing sensor[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2010,30(33):122-128.
[13]项祖涛,刘卫东,钱家骊,等.磁环抑制GIS中特快速暂态过电压的模拟试验和仿真[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(19):101-105.XIANG Zutao,LIU Weidong,QIAN Jiali,et al.Simulation test and computation of suppressing very fast transient overvoltage in GIS by magnetic rings[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(19):101-105.
[14]POVH D,SCHMITT H,VALCKER O,et al.Modelling and analysis guidelines for very fast transients[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1996,11(4):2028-2035.
[15]OSMOKROVI P,PETKOVI D,MARKOVI O.Measuring probe for fast transients monitoring in gas insulated substation[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,1997,47(1):36-44.
[16]KUMAR V V,THOMAS J.Capacitive sensor for the measurement of VFTO in GIS[C]∥Eleventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.London,UK:IEEE,1999:156-159.
[17]史保壮,张文元,邱毓昌.测量气体绝缘变电站中快速暂态过电压的微分积分方法[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(5):59-61,29.SHI Baozhuang,ZHANG Wenyuan,QIU Yuchang.Differentiating/integrating system for the measurement of very fast transient overvoltages in GIS[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(5):59-61,29.
[18]欧阳佳,刘金亮,田亮,等.纳秒级不同脉宽的信号对电容分压器的影响[J].高电压技术,2004,30(12):42-44.OUYANG Jia,LIU Jinliang,TIAN Liang,et al.Influence of different input signals with nanosecond pulsewidth on capacitive voltage divider[J].High Voltage Engineering,2004,30(12):42-44.
[19]卫兵,傅贞,王玉娟,等.脉冲功率装置中电容分压器的设计和应用[J].高电压技术,2007,33(12):39-43.WEI Bing,FU Zhen,WANG Yujuan,et al.Design and per-formance of capacitive divider for high-voltage pulse measurement[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(12):39-43.
[20]SEEGER M,BEHRMANN G,CORIC B,et al.Application of electrical field sensors in GIS for measuring high voltage signals over the frequency range 10 Hz to 100 MHz[C]∥Eleventh International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering.London,UK:IEEE,1999:292-296.
[21]任稳柱,冯建华,葛震,等.800 k V标准冲击电压测量系统及其不确定度的评定[J].计量学报,2008,29(2):153-158.REN Wenzhu,FENG Jianhua,GE Zhen,et al.800 k V standard impulse voltage measuring system and the uncertainty of evaluation[J].Acta Metrologica Sinica,2008,29(2):153-158.
[22]冯慈璋.电磁场[M].2版.北京:高等教育出版社,1988:139-142.
[23]岳功昌,刘卫东,陈维江,等.特高压气体绝缘组合开关设备中特快速瞬态过电压测量系统的标定[J].高电压技术,2012,38(2):342-349.YUE Gongchang,LIU Weidong,CHEN Weijiang,et al.Calibration of very fast transient overvoltage measurement system for ultra high voltage gas insulated switchgear[J].High Voltage Engineering,2012,38(2):342-349.
[24]KANOI M,TAKAHASHI G,SATO T,et al.Optical voltage and current measurement system for electric power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1986,1(1):91-97.