基于模糊变量法的1kV低阻抗冲击电压校准器输出波形参数的不确定度评定
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摘要
为建立冲击电压测量的标准系统,可研制具有高精度和高稳定度的低阻抗冲击电压校准器作为初始参考标准,并根据IEC 61083中的推荐可用于校准由冲击分压器和数字记录仪组成的测量系统。冲击电压校准器的波形形成回路是由给定数值的电阻和电容器件组成,通过分析回路元器件参数值和相应的不确定度可得到其输出波形参数值及对应的不确定度。论文研制了一台理论波形参数为1.56?s/60?s的1 k V低阻抗冲击电压校准器,并对其回路结构进行了分析。论述了基于模糊变量法对输出波形参数的不确定度的评定过程,并对校准器进行测量并验证了校准器的输出性能及稳定性性能。
To establish the standard high impulse voltage measurement system, low impedance impulse voltage calibrator with high accuracy and stability is developed and studied since it can be used as a primary reference of impulse voltage measurement. The values and uncertainties of the output waveform parameters could be calculated according to the values and corresponding uncertainties of the circuit elements. In this paper, a 1 kV low impedance impulse voltage calibrator with the theoretical time parameters of 1.56ms/60ms, was developed and its schematic diagram was analyzed. The evaluation process of the value and uncertainties of waveform parameters based on the Random Fuzzy Variable method was detailed presented. The calibrator was measured and its experimental performance was tested. The result show that the evaluated uncertainties are quite accordance with those evaluated by traditional method which verified the applicability of Random Fuzzy Variable method when evaluating the calibrator.
To establish the standard high impulse voltage measurement system, low impedance impulse voltage calibrator with high accuracy and stability is developed and studied since it can be used as a primary reference of impulse voltage measurement. The values and uncertainties of the output waveform parameters could be calculated according to the values and corresponding uncertainties of the circuit elements. In this paper, a 1 kV low impedance impulse voltage calibrator with the theoretical time parameters of 1.56ms/60ms, was developed and its schematic diagram was analyzed. The evaluation process of the value and uncertainties of waveform parameters based on the Random Fuzzy Variable method was detailed presented. The calibrator was measured and its experimental performance was tested. The result show that the evaluated uncertainties are quite accordance with those evaluated by traditional method which verified the applicability of Random Fuzzy Variable method when evaluating the calibrator.
引文
[1]European Electro technical Standardization Committee.IEC 61083-1,2001:Instruments and software used for measurements in high-voltage impulse tests-Part1:Requirements for instruments[S].CENELEC:European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization,2001.
[2]Power Systems Instrumentation and Measurement Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society.IEEE Standard 1122TM-1998(R2007):IEEE standard for digital recorders for measurements in high-voltage impulse tests[S].New York:The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2007.
[3]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 16896.2-2010:高电压冲击测量仪器和软件第2部分:软件的要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of China,Standardization Administration of China.GB/T 16896.2-2010:Digital recorders for measurements in high-voltage impulse tests-Part 2:Software requirement[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010(in Chinese).
[4]国家发展和改革委员会.DL/T 992-2006冲击电压测量实施细则[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.National Development and Reform Commission.DL/T992-2006 Detailed Implementation Guide for Impulse Voltage Measurement[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006(in Chinese).
[5]H?llstr?m.J,Aro.M,Pyk?l?.M.Traceability and mutual recognizability of impulse voltage measurements[R].Espoo,Finland:Helsinki University of Technology High Voltage Institution,2003.
[6]Wakimoto T,Ishii M,Satoru M.Development of impulse calibrator and its performance evaluation[J].Transaction on Instrument and Electrical Engineering,2002,122-B(12):1424-1429.
[7]Claudi A,Schramm J.Calibration of digital impulse measuring system[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International.Symposium on High-voltage Engineering.Yokohama,Japan:the International Electric Committee,1993:4321-4325.
[8]彭旭东,张承学,雷民,等.标准冲击电压校准器的研制与溯源[J].高电压技术,2007,33(4):43-45.Peng Xudong,Zhang Chengxue,Lei Ming,et al.Traceability and design of a standard impulse voltage calibrator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(4):43-45(in Chinese).
[9]龙兆芝,李文婷,鲁非,等.低阻抗冲击标准波源[J].电测与仪表,2015,52(4):101-106.Long Zhaozhi,Li Wenting,Lu Fei,et al.A low impedance impulse voltage calibrator[J].Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation,2015,52(4):101-106(in Chinese).
[10]BIPM,IEC,IFCC,et al.Evaluation of measurement data-Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement[EB/OL].New York:Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology,2008[2015-09-20].http://www.bipm.org.
[11]Martens H.Evaluation of uncertainty in measurementProblems and tools[J].Optics and lasers in engineering,2002,38(3/4):185-206.
[12]D.da Jornada,C.ten Caten,Pizzolato M.Guidance documents on measurement uncertainty:An overview and critical analysis[J].Measurement science and technology,2010(1):68-76.
[13]BIPM,IEC,IFCC,et al.2008 Evaluation of measurement data-Supplement 1 to the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement-Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method[EB/OL].New York:Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology,2008[2015-09-20].http://www.bipm.org.
[14]Ferrero A,Salicone S.The random-fuzzy variables:a new approach to the expression of uncertainty in measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2004,53(5):1370-1377.
[15]Ferrero A,Salicone S.The use of random-fuzzy variables for the implementation of decision rules in the presence of measurement uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2005,54(4):1482-1488.
[16]Ferrero A,Salicone S.The construction of randomfuzzy variables from the available relevant metrological information[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2009,58(2):365-374.
[17]Mauris G,Lasserre V,Foulloy L.A fuzzy approach for expression of uncertainty in measurement[J].Measurement,2001,29(3):165-177.
[18]Mauris G.Expression of measurement uncertainty in a very limited knowledge context:A possibility theory-based approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2007,56(3):731-735.
[19]Shafer G.A mathematical theory of evidence[M].New Jersey,USA:Princeton University Press,1976:121-123.
[20]张小红,裴道武,代建华.模糊数学与Rough集理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013:20-55.Zhang Xiaohong,Pei Daowu,Dai Jianhua.Fuzzy mathematics and rough set theory[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2013:20-55(in Chinese).
[21]Nguyen H T.A note on the extension principle for fuzzy sets[J].Mathematical Analysis and Application,1978,64(3):369-380.
[2]Power Systems Instrumentation and Measurement Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society.IEEE Standard 1122TM-1998(R2007):IEEE standard for digital recorders for measurements in high-voltage impulse tests[S].New York:The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2007.
[3]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 16896.2-2010:高电压冲击测量仪器和软件第2部分:软件的要求[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of China,Standardization Administration of China.GB/T 16896.2-2010:Digital recorders for measurements in high-voltage impulse tests-Part 2:Software requirement[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010(in Chinese).
[4]国家发展和改革委员会.DL/T 992-2006冲击电压测量实施细则[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2006.National Development and Reform Commission.DL/T992-2006 Detailed Implementation Guide for Impulse Voltage Measurement[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2006(in Chinese).
[5]H?llstr?m.J,Aro.M,Pyk?l?.M.Traceability and mutual recognizability of impulse voltage measurements[R].Espoo,Finland:Helsinki University of Technology High Voltage Institution,2003.
[6]Wakimoto T,Ishii M,Satoru M.Development of impulse calibrator and its performance evaluation[J].Transaction on Instrument and Electrical Engineering,2002,122-B(12):1424-1429.
[7]Claudi A,Schramm J.Calibration of digital impulse measuring system[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International.Symposium on High-voltage Engineering.Yokohama,Japan:the International Electric Committee,1993:4321-4325.
[8]彭旭东,张承学,雷民,等.标准冲击电压校准器的研制与溯源[J].高电压技术,2007,33(4):43-45.Peng Xudong,Zhang Chengxue,Lei Ming,et al.Traceability and design of a standard impulse voltage calibrator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2007,33(4):43-45(in Chinese).
[9]龙兆芝,李文婷,鲁非,等.低阻抗冲击标准波源[J].电测与仪表,2015,52(4):101-106.Long Zhaozhi,Li Wenting,Lu Fei,et al.A low impedance impulse voltage calibrator[J].Electrical Measurement and Instrumentation,2015,52(4):101-106(in Chinese).
[10]BIPM,IEC,IFCC,et al.Evaluation of measurement data-Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement[EB/OL].New York:Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology,2008[2015-09-20].http://www.bipm.org.
[11]Martens H.Evaluation of uncertainty in measurementProblems and tools[J].Optics and lasers in engineering,2002,38(3/4):185-206.
[12]D.da Jornada,C.ten Caten,Pizzolato M.Guidance documents on measurement uncertainty:An overview and critical analysis[J].Measurement science and technology,2010(1):68-76.
[13]BIPM,IEC,IFCC,et al.2008 Evaluation of measurement data-Supplement 1 to the Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement-Propagation of distributions using a Monte Carlo method[EB/OL].New York:Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology,2008[2015-09-20].http://www.bipm.org.
[14]Ferrero A,Salicone S.The random-fuzzy variables:a new approach to the expression of uncertainty in measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2004,53(5):1370-1377.
[15]Ferrero A,Salicone S.The use of random-fuzzy variables for the implementation of decision rules in the presence of measurement uncertainty[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2005,54(4):1482-1488.
[16]Ferrero A,Salicone S.The construction of randomfuzzy variables from the available relevant metrological information[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2009,58(2):365-374.
[17]Mauris G,Lasserre V,Foulloy L.A fuzzy approach for expression of uncertainty in measurement[J].Measurement,2001,29(3):165-177.
[18]Mauris G.Expression of measurement uncertainty in a very limited knowledge context:A possibility theory-based approach[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement,2007,56(3):731-735.
[19]Shafer G.A mathematical theory of evidence[M].New Jersey,USA:Princeton University Press,1976:121-123.
[20]张小红,裴道武,代建华.模糊数学与Rough集理论[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2013:20-55.Zhang Xiaohong,Pei Daowu,Dai Jianhua.Fuzzy mathematics and rough set theory[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2013:20-55(in Chinese).
[21]Nguyen H T.A note on the extension principle for fuzzy sets[J].Mathematical Analysis and Application,1978,64(3):369-380.