轨道交通电磁兼容标准制定历史探析
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摘要
目前轨道交通领域的电磁兼容标准主要以EN 50121和IEC 62236系列为代表,其制定和使用已有二十余年,是轨道交通系统电磁兼容设计和验证的重要依据,GB/T 24338也是基于该系列标准制定。总体看国内相关标准的制定起步较晚,因此有必要对标准制定的历史进行深入探析,增强对标准的理解。从标准横向和纵向演变角度,介绍EN 50121制定的法规背景,分析轨道交通电磁兼容欧洲标准、IEC标准和中国国家标准间的演进关系,考证条款确立的背景和依据。轨道交通电磁兼容标准演进大体可分为初制定、应用发展和优化调整等3个阶段,按此对标准版本更新中的主要技术变化进行梳理,包括应用范围的逐步澄清、限值曲线的优化调整以及测试频段的拓展等。对标准的历史研究有助于在轨道交通系统的设计、建造和验证中更准确地应用标准,提升我国在国际标准制定中的参与度。
At present,the standards of electromagnetic compatibility( EMC) in rail transit are mainly represented by EN 50121 and IEC 62236 series,which have been formulated and used for more than20 years. These standards form the important basis for EMC design and verification,and the GB/T24338 series in China is also set up according to them. In general,the development of relevant standards in China started later than abroad. Therefore,it is necessary to make a thorough analysis of the standard history and enhance the understanding of standards. From the perspective of standard development,the regulatory background of EN 50121 formulation is introduced,and the evolution relationship between European standard,IEC standard and Chinese national standard on EMC in rail transit is analyzed. The background and basis of the clause establishment are studied. The evolution process is divided into three stages of initial formulation,application development and optimization adjustment,and main technical changes from standard version updating are summarized,including the gradual clarification of application scope,the optimized adjustment of limit curves and the expansion of test frequency bands. The historical research on the standards promotes the accurate application of the standards in the design,construction and verification of the rail transit system and enhance the participation of China in international standard development.
At present,the standards of electromagnetic compatibility( EMC) in rail transit are mainly represented by EN 50121 and IEC 62236 series,which have been formulated and used for more than20 years. These standards form the important basis for EMC design and verification,and the GB/T24338 series in China is also set up according to them. In general,the development of relevant standards in China started later than abroad. Therefore,it is necessary to make a thorough analysis of the standard history and enhance the understanding of standards. From the perspective of standard development,the regulatory background of EN 50121 formulation is introduced,and the evolution relationship between European standard,IEC standard and Chinese national standard on EMC in rail transit is analyzed. The background and basis of the clause establishment are studied. The evolution process is divided into three stages of initial formulation,application development and optimization adjustment,and main technical changes from standard version updating are summarized,including the gradual clarification of application scope,the optimized adjustment of limit curves and the expansion of test frequency bands. The historical research on the standards promotes the accurate application of the standards in the design,construction and verification of the rail transit system and enhance the participation of China in international standard development.
引文
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[4] Cheng K W E,Siif L K,Ho T K. Railway EMC environment and measurement[J]. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment,2000,50:323-331.
[5] Cozza A. Railways EMC:Assessment of infrastructure impact[D].Universitédes Sciences et Technologie de Lille-Lille I,2005.
[6] Niska S. Measurements and analysis of electromagnetic interferences in the Swedish railway systems[D]. Luletekniska universitet,2008.
[7] Xiaotian L,Haijing Z,Bo Q,et al. EMC in Rail Transportation[J].Energy Procedia,2016,104:526-531.
[8]孙平.列车电磁兼容标准及其应用[J].铁道技术监督,2015(1):7-10.
[9]张戈.欧洲轨道交通电磁兼容标准特征研究[J].安全与电磁兼容,2010(6):49-52.
[10] Bourne A,Bradshaw J,Lalies A,et al. Managing electromagnetic compatibility on the London underground system[J]. 2003.
[11] Bond A E J. UK implementation of the EMC Directive[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 1994, 141(4):234-237.
[12] Railway Industry Association. General specification for interference testing for electronic equipment used on traction and rolling stock[S].BRB/LU Ltd/RIA Technical Specification,1990(18).
[13] Railway Industry Association. EMC for electronic equipment used on traction and rolling stock[S]. BRB/LU Ltd/RIA Technical Specification,1990(22).
[14] Allan J,Armstrong D S. The new European electromagnetic compatibility standards for railways[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,1998,212(2):135-144.
[15] CISPR 16-1:1993,Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods-Part 1:Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus[S].
[16]扈罗全,赵润生,陆全荣,等.置信度对电磁兼容评估的影响与分析[J].苏州大学学报(工科版),2009,29(4):5-9.
[17]徐世东,张红江,朱佳,等.轨道车辆电磁兼容性标准介绍及分析[J].机车电传动,2013(6):82-86.
[18]崔勇,王颖,王俊飞,等.国内外轨道交通电磁兼容标准对比分析[J].北京交通大学学报,2015,39(6):54.
[19] Antoinette Price. Frankfurt Agreement streamlines European and IEC Standards[EB/OL]. IEC e-tech,2016[2018-05-29]. https://iecetech. org/index. php/issue/2016-09/Frankfurt-Agreementstreamlines-European-and-IEC-Standards.
[20]董艳华,荣朝和.欧盟铁路改革的方向与进程[J].铁道学报,2004,26(4):120-125.
[2] JIS E 4041:2009,"道车#-完成车#の试$通则[S].
[3] Ogunsola A,Mariscotti A. Electromagnetic Compatibility in Railways:Analysis and Management[M]. Springer Science&Business Media,2012.
[4] Cheng K W E,Siif L K,Ho T K. Railway EMC environment and measurement[J]. WIT Transactions on The Built Environment,2000,50:323-331.
[5] Cozza A. Railways EMC:Assessment of infrastructure impact[D].Universitédes Sciences et Technologie de Lille-Lille I,2005.
[6] Niska S. Measurements and analysis of electromagnetic interferences in the Swedish railway systems[D]. Luletekniska universitet,2008.
[7] Xiaotian L,Haijing Z,Bo Q,et al. EMC in Rail Transportation[J].Energy Procedia,2016,104:526-531.
[8]孙平.列车电磁兼容标准及其应用[J].铁道技术监督,2015(1):7-10.
[9]张戈.欧洲轨道交通电磁兼容标准特征研究[J].安全与电磁兼容,2010(6):49-52.
[10] Bourne A,Bradshaw J,Lalies A,et al. Managing electromagnetic compatibility on the London underground system[J]. 2003.
[11] Bond A E J. UK implementation of the EMC Directive[J]. IEE Proceedings-Science, Measurement and Technology, 1994, 141(4):234-237.
[12] Railway Industry Association. General specification for interference testing for electronic equipment used on traction and rolling stock[S].BRB/LU Ltd/RIA Technical Specification,1990(18).
[13] Railway Industry Association. EMC for electronic equipment used on traction and rolling stock[S]. BRB/LU Ltd/RIA Technical Specification,1990(22).
[14] Allan J,Armstrong D S. The new European electromagnetic compatibility standards for railways[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,1998,212(2):135-144.
[15] CISPR 16-1:1993,Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods-Part 1:Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus[S].
[16]扈罗全,赵润生,陆全荣,等.置信度对电磁兼容评估的影响与分析[J].苏州大学学报(工科版),2009,29(4):5-9.
[17]徐世东,张红江,朱佳,等.轨道车辆电磁兼容性标准介绍及分析[J].机车电传动,2013(6):82-86.
[18]崔勇,王颖,王俊飞,等.国内外轨道交通电磁兼容标准对比分析[J].北京交通大学学报,2015,39(6):54.
[19] Antoinette Price. Frankfurt Agreement streamlines European and IEC Standards[EB/OL]. IEC e-tech,2016[2018-05-29]. https://iecetech. org/index. php/issue/2016-09/Frankfurt-Agreementstreamlines-European-and-IEC-Standards.
[20]董艳华,荣朝和.欧盟铁路改革的方向与进程[J].铁道学报,2004,26(4):120-125.