云南绿春县天然次生林和4种人工林树冠层蚂蚁群落多样性
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摘要
[目的]探讨天然次生林和人工林及人工林树种选择对树冠层蚂蚁群落多样性的影响。[方法]运用树栖蚂蚁陷阱法调查云南省绿春县天然次生林和4种人工林的树冠层蚂蚁群落、植物多样性及植物垂直密度变化。[结果](1)共采集蚂蚁标本17 998头,隶属于6亚科29属68种。(2)树冠层蚂蚁多度:紫胶林-玉米混农林>紫胶林>桉树林>橡胶林>天然次生林。(3)树冠层蚂蚁丰富度:紫胶林-玉米混农林>紫胶林>天然次生林>橡胶林>桉树林。(4)树冠层蚂蚁ACE估计值:紫胶林-玉米混农林>紫胶林>天然次生林>桉树林>橡胶林。(5)树冠层蚂蚁多度和丰富度与枯落物盖度、>300 cm处垂直密度和乔木郁闭度呈显著或极显著负相关,而与植物盖度显著正相关;ACE估计值与枯落物盖度、草本植物盖度和乔木郁闭度显著负相关,与175 199.9 cm区段内垂直密度显著正相关。[结论]人工林对蚂蚁多样性保护有一定积极作用,尤其选择乡土树种保护效果更显著,对人工林进行合理的管理有利于保护生物多样性。
[Objective]To explore the effect of secondary natural forest and plantations on the diversity of canopy foraging ant communities and the influence of tree selections in plantations on the diversity of canopy foraging ant communities. [Method]Investigations of ant communities in secondary natural forest and four plantations were conducted by trap at Lüchun County,Yunnan Province. Meanwhile,the plant diversity and foliage density were investigated. [Result](1) 17998 ant individuals were collected,which belonging to 68 species,29 genera,and 6 subfamilies of Formicidae.(2) Ant abundance ranked as lac insect-corn agroforests > lac insect plantations > eucalyptus plantations > rubber plantations > secondary natural forests.(3) Ant richness ranked as lac insect-corn agroforests > lac insect plantations > secondary natural forests > eucalyptus plantations > rubber plantations.(4) ACE index ranked as lac insect-corn agroforests > lac insect plantations > secondary natural forests > eucalyptus plantations > rubber plantations.(5) Significantly negative relationship was found between canopy foraging ant abundance,species richness and litter coverage,foliage density of the zone above 300 cm,and the tree crown density,but positive relationship was found between the ant abundance,species richness and herbage coverage.Meanwhile,there were significantly negative relations between ACE index and litter coverage,herbage coverage,and tree crown density,but a positive correlation between ACE index and foliage density of the zone from 175 cm to199. 9 cm. [Conclusion]Plantation has a certain positive role to the ant diversity conversation,especially has a significantly effect by choosing native tree. Reasonable management of plantation is conducive to the conservation of biological diversity.
[Objective]To explore the effect of secondary natural forest and plantations on the diversity of canopy foraging ant communities and the influence of tree selections in plantations on the diversity of canopy foraging ant communities. [Method]Investigations of ant communities in secondary natural forest and four plantations were conducted by trap at Lüchun County,Yunnan Province. Meanwhile,the plant diversity and foliage density were investigated. [Result](1) 17998 ant individuals were collected,which belonging to 68 species,29 genera,and 6 subfamilies of Formicidae.(2) Ant abundance ranked as lac insect-corn agroforests > lac insect plantations > eucalyptus plantations > rubber plantations > secondary natural forests.(3) Ant richness ranked as lac insect-corn agroforests > lac insect plantations > secondary natural forests > eucalyptus plantations > rubber plantations.(4) ACE index ranked as lac insect-corn agroforests > lac insect plantations > secondary natural forests > eucalyptus plantations > rubber plantations.(5) Significantly negative relationship was found between canopy foraging ant abundance,species richness and litter coverage,foliage density of the zone above 300 cm,and the tree crown density,but positive relationship was found between the ant abundance,species richness and herbage coverage.Meanwhile,there were significantly negative relations between ACE index and litter coverage,herbage coverage,and tree crown density,but a positive correlation between ACE index and foliage density of the zone from 175 cm to199. 9 cm. [Conclusion]Plantation has a certain positive role to the ant diversity conversation,especially has a significantly effect by choosing native tree. Reasonable management of plantation is conducive to the conservation of biological diversity.
引文
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[25]Denmead L H.Ant diversity,function and services across tropical land-use systems in Indonesia[D].G9ttingen:Georg-August Universitt,2016.
[26]Queiroz A C M,Ribas C R.Canopy cover negatively affects arboreal ant species richness in a tropical open habitat[J].Brazilian Journal of Biology,2016,76(4):864-870.
[27]Klimes P,Fibich P,Idigel C,et al.Disentangling the diversity of arboreal ant communities in tropical forest trees[J].Plos One,2015,10(2):e0117853.
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[29]张念念,陈又清,卢志兴,等.云南橡胶林和天然次生林枯落物层蚂蚁物种多样性、群落结构差异及指示种[J].昆虫学报,2013,56(11):1314-1323.
[30]武子文,毕兴丹,卢志兴,等.干热河谷地区不同恢复期火烧迹地地表蚂蚁群落比较[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2017(1):130-136.
[31]Hoffmann B D,James C D.Using ants to manage sustainable grazing:Dynamics of ant faunas along sheep grazing gradients conform to four global patterns[J].Austral Ecology,2011,36(6):698-708.
[32]Garcia F H,Wiesel E,Fischer G.The Ants of Kenya(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)-Faunal Overview,First Species Checklist,Bibliography,Accounts for All Genera,and Discussion on Taxonomy and Zoogeography[J].Journal of East African Natural History,2007,101(101):127-222.
[33]Deyrup M,Davis L,Cover S.Exotic ants in Florida[J].Transactions of the American Entomological Society,2000,126(3):293-326.
[34]Torchote P,Sitthicharoenchai D,Chaisuekul C.Ant Species Diversity and Community Composition in Three Different Habitats:Mixed Deciduous Forest,Teak Plantation and Fruit Orchard[J].Tropical Natural History,2010,10(1):37-51.
[2]Cicuzza D,Kessler M,Clough Y,et al.Conservation value of cacao agroforestry systems for terrestrial herbaceous species in central Sulawesi,Indonesia[J].Biotropica,2011,43(6):755-762.
[3]Gibson L,Lee T M,Gibson L,et al.Primary forests are irreplaceable for sustaining tropical biodiversity[J].Nature,2011,478(7369):378-381.
[4]Beukema H,Danielsen F,Vincent G,et al.Plant and bird diversity in rubber agroforests in the lowlands of Sumatra,Indonesia[J].Agroforestry Systems,2007,70(3):217-242.
[5]Steffan-Dewenter I,Kessler M,Barkmann J,et al.Tradeoffs between income,biodiversity,and ecosystem functioning during tropical rainforest conversion and agroforestry intensification[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2007,104(12):4973-4978.
[6]任海,王俊.试论人工林下乡土树种定居限制问题[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(8):1855-1860.
[7]Djègo J,Sinsin B.Effect of introduced exotic trees on the species diversity of the plant communities of their undergrowth[J].Systematics&Geography of Plants,2006,76(2):191-209.
[8]Dejean A,Corbara B,Orivel J,et al.Rainforest canopy ants:the implications of territoriality and predatory behavior[J].Functional Ecosystems and Communities,2007,1(2):105-120.
[9]Davidson D W,Cook S C,Snelling R R,et al.Explaining the abundance of ants in lowland tropical rainforest canopies[J].Science,2003,300(5621):969-972.
[10]Floren A,Biun A,Linsenmair E K.Arboreal ants as key predators in tropical lowland rainforest trees[J].Oecologia,2002,131(1):137-144.
[11]Philpott S M,Perfecto I,Vandermeer J.Effects of Management Intensity and Season on Arboreal Ant Diversity and Abundance in Coffee Agroecosystems[J].Biodiversity&Conservation,2006,15(1):139-155.
[12]Klimes P,Idigel C,Rimandai M,et al.Why are there more arboreal ant species in primary than in secondary tropical forests?[J].Journal of Animal Ecology,2012,81(5):1103-1112.
[13]Basset Y,Cizek L,Cuénoud P,et al.Arthropod diversity in a tropical forest[J].Science,2012,338(6113):1481-1484.
[14]Schonberg L A,Longino J T,Nadkarni N M,et al.Arboreal ant species richness in primary forest,secondary forest,and pasture habitats of a tropical montane landscape[J].Biotropica,2004,36(3):402-409.
[15]Blüthgen N,Stork N E.Ant mosaics in a tropical rainforest in Australia and elsewhere:a critical review[J].Austral Ecology,2007,32(1):93-104.
[16]Yusah K M,Foster W A.Tree size and habitat complexity affect ant communities(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)in the high canopy of Bornean rain forest[J].Myrmecological News,2016,23:15-23.
[17]徐正会.西双版纳自然保护区蚁科昆虫生物多样性研究[M].昆明:云南科技出版社,2002.
[18]Gunawardene N,Majer J,Edirisinghe J.Correlates of ant(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)and tree species diversity in Sri Lanka[J].Myrmecological News,2012,17(17):81-90.
[19]Chao A,Gotelli N J,Hsieh T C,et al.Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers:a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies[J].Ecological Monographs,2014,84(1):45-67.
[20]Clarke K R,Gorley R N.PRIMER version6:user manual/tutorial[M].Plymouth,UK:PRIMER-E,2006.
[21]Cáceres M D,Legendre P.Associations between species and groups of sites:indices and statistical inference[J].Ecology,2009,90(12):3566-3574.
[22]卢志兴,李可力,张念念,等.巨桉林和天然次生林枯落物层蚂蚁多样性及指示种[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(4):576-580.
[23]Delabie J H C,Jahyny B,Nascimento I C D,et al.Contribution of cocoa plantations to the conservation of native ants(Insecta:Hymenoptera:Formicidae)with a special emphasis on the Atlantic Forest fauna of southern Bahia,Brazil[J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2007,16(8):2359-2384.
[24]Hashim N R,Wan F A W J,Nasir M N S M.Ant diversity in a Peninsular Malaysian mangrove forest and oil palm plantation[J].Asian Myrmecology,2010,3(1):5-8.
[25]Denmead L H.Ant diversity,function and services across tropical land-use systems in Indonesia[D].G9ttingen:Georg-August Universitt,2016.
[26]Queiroz A C M,Ribas C R.Canopy cover negatively affects arboreal ant species richness in a tropical open habitat[J].Brazilian Journal of Biology,2016,76(4):864-870.
[27]Klimes P,Fibich P,Idigel C,et al.Disentangling the diversity of arboreal ant communities in tropical forest trees[J].Plos One,2015,10(2):e0117853.
[28]Floren A,Wetzel W,Staab M.The contribution of canopy species to overall ant diversity(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)in temperate and tropical ecosystems[J].Myrmecological News,2014,19(1):65-74.
[29]张念念,陈又清,卢志兴,等.云南橡胶林和天然次生林枯落物层蚂蚁物种多样性、群落结构差异及指示种[J].昆虫学报,2013,56(11):1314-1323.
[30]武子文,毕兴丹,卢志兴,等.干热河谷地区不同恢复期火烧迹地地表蚂蚁群落比较[J].云南大学学报:自然科学版,2017(1):130-136.
[31]Hoffmann B D,James C D.Using ants to manage sustainable grazing:Dynamics of ant faunas along sheep grazing gradients conform to four global patterns[J].Austral Ecology,2011,36(6):698-708.
[32]Garcia F H,Wiesel E,Fischer G.The Ants of Kenya(Hymenoptera:Formicidae)-Faunal Overview,First Species Checklist,Bibliography,Accounts for All Genera,and Discussion on Taxonomy and Zoogeography[J].Journal of East African Natural History,2007,101(101):127-222.
[33]Deyrup M,Davis L,Cover S.Exotic ants in Florida[J].Transactions of the American Entomological Society,2000,126(3):293-326.
[34]Torchote P,Sitthicharoenchai D,Chaisuekul C.Ant Species Diversity and Community Composition in Three Different Habitats:Mixed Deciduous Forest,Teak Plantation and Fruit Orchard[J].Tropical Natural History,2010,10(1):37-51.