神农架华山松树干液流特征及其影响因素
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摘要
以神农架华山松为研究对象,采用热扩散探针法对树干液流进行连续1 a的测定,结合同步观测的环境因子,分析华山松树干液流规律及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:(1)华山松树干液流具有明显的昼夜与季节变化规律。全年夜间树干液流量占整日液流量的10.37%,树干液流速率在不同季节表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。(2)不同天气条件下树干液流速率表现为晴天>阴天>雨天,晴天和阴天树干液流速率日变化规律均为单峰曲线,而雨天树干液流日变化规律不明显。(3)空气相对湿度和蒸汽压亏缺为影响华山松树干液流月通量的主要因子。不同季节影响树干液流日通量的主要因子存在差异,春季主要影响因子是太阳总辐射和蒸汽压亏缺;夏季主要影响因子是风速、空气相对湿度和太阳总辐射;秋季主要影响因子是降水量、空气相对湿度、太阳总辐射和蒸汽压亏缺;冬季主要影响因子是空气温度、空气相对湿度和蒸汽压亏缺。
Sap flow of Pinus amandii was continuously observed with thermal dissipation probe(TDP) method in Shennongjia from January to December in 2016, and the relations of sap flow to environmental factors collected from automatic weather station were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The sap flow of Pinus amandii showed significant diurnal and seasonal variations. The sap flow in different seasons showed summer > spring > autumn > winter. Nocturnal sap flow was 10.37% of the total daily flow in a year.(2) The sap flow rate in different weather conditions showed sunny day > cloudy day > rainy day. The daily change of sap flow rate in sunny and cloudy day was a single peak curve, while the change law was not obvious in rainy day.(3) The main environmental factors influencing monthly sap flow were air relative humidity and VPD. There existed seasonal differences for main environmental factors that influenced the daily sap flow. The daily sap flow was mainly affected by solar radiation and VPD in spring, wind speed, air relative humidity and solar radiation in summer, precipitation, air relative humidity, solar radiation and VPD in autumn, air temperature, air relative humidity and VPD in winter.
Sap flow of Pinus amandii was continuously observed with thermal dissipation probe(TDP) method in Shennongjia from January to December in 2016, and the relations of sap flow to environmental factors collected from automatic weather station were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The sap flow of Pinus amandii showed significant diurnal and seasonal variations. The sap flow in different seasons showed summer > spring > autumn > winter. Nocturnal sap flow was 10.37% of the total daily flow in a year.(2) The sap flow rate in different weather conditions showed sunny day > cloudy day > rainy day. The daily change of sap flow rate in sunny and cloudy day was a single peak curve, while the change law was not obvious in rainy day.(3) The main environmental factors influencing monthly sap flow were air relative humidity and VPD. There existed seasonal differences for main environmental factors that influenced the daily sap flow. The daily sap flow was mainly affected by solar radiation and VPD in spring, wind speed, air relative humidity and solar radiation in summer, precipitation, air relative humidity, solar radiation and VPD in autumn, air temperature, air relative humidity and VPD in winter.
引文
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[10]吉春容,邹陈,范子昂,等.天山中段雪岭云杉树干液流变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(12):119-123.
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[12]赵春彦,司建华,冯起,等.胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):718-724.
[13]魏潇,常学向,杨淇越,等.祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)夜间树干液流特征及影响因素[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):87-94.
[14]Granier A.Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas fir stand by means of sap flow measurements[J].Tree Physiology,1987,3:309-320.
[15]孙英君,王劲峰.一种空气饱和差区域分布的推算方法[J].国土资源遥感,2004(1):23-26.
[16]高岩,张汝民,刘静.应用热脉冲技术对小美旱杨树干液流的研究[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(4):644-649.
[17]绪海红,郭向红,仇群伊.不同天气条件下苹果树液流日变化规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(22):120-124.
[18]熊伟,王彦辉,徐德应.宁南山区华北落叶松人工林蒸腾耗水规律及其对环境因子的响应[J].林业科学,2003,39(2):1-7.
[19]赵仲辉,康文星,田大伦,等.湖南会同杉木液流变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].林业科学,2009,45(7):127-132.
[20]朱亚,吕光辉,胡颖颖,等.艾比湖自然保护区胡杨树干液流特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(11):69-73.
[21]虞沐奎,姜志林,鲁小珍,等.火炬松树干液流的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(3):7-10.
[22]涂洁,廖迎春,王辉民,等.江西退化红壤区马尾松液流特征及其对气象因子的响应[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(4):755-760.
[23]刘鑫,张金池,王春林,等.长三角地区典型树种杉木液流速率变化特征][J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):86-92.
[24]王文杰,孙伟,邱岭,等.不同时间尺度下兴安落叶松树干液流密度与环境因子的关系[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):77-85.
[25]姚依强,陈珂,王彦辉,等.华北落叶松树干液流速率主要影响因子及关系的时间尺度变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):155-161.
[26]程静,欧阳旭,黄德卫,等.鼎湖山针阔叶混交林4种优势树种树干液流特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(12):4097-4104.
[2]马履一,王华田,林平.北京地区几个树种耗水性比较的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(2):1-7.
[3]黄德卫,张德强,周国逸,等.鼎湖山针阔叶混交林优势种树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1159-1166.
[4]曹恭祥,熊伟,王彦辉,等.宁夏六盘山华山松树干液流的动态研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报,2010,31(2):42-47.
[5]Du S,Wang Y L,Kume T,et al.Sap flow characteristics and climatic responses in three forest species in the semiarid Loess Plateau region of China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2011,151:1-10.
[6]Wang H,Wang X K,Zhao P,et al.Transpiration rates of urban trees,Aesculus chinensis[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2012,24:1278-1287.
[7]谢恒星,张振华.考虑时滞效应的龙爪槐树干液流人工神经网络模型研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2013,33(12):37-41.
[8]任世奇,邓紫宇,郭东强,等.尾巨桉液流密度动态及其影响因子分析[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):1-7.
[9]王文,朱烨,诸葛绪霞,等.尾巨桉树干液流特征及其影响因子分析[J].水土保持通报,2013,33(3):159-164.
[10]吉春容,邹陈,范子昂,等.天山中段雪岭云杉树干液流变化及其与气象因子的关系[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(12):119-123.
[11]池波,蔡体久,满秀玲,等.大兴安岭北部兴安落叶松树干液流规律及影响因子分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2013,35(4):21-26.
[12]赵春彦,司建华,冯起,等.胡杨(Populus euphratica)树干液流特征及其与环境因子的关系[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):718-724.
[13]魏潇,常学向,杨淇越,等.祁连山青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)夜间树干液流特征及影响因素[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(1):87-94.
[14]Granier A.Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas fir stand by means of sap flow measurements[J].Tree Physiology,1987,3:309-320.
[15]孙英君,王劲峰.一种空气饱和差区域分布的推算方法[J].国土资源遥感,2004(1):23-26.
[16]高岩,张汝民,刘静.应用热脉冲技术对小美旱杨树干液流的研究[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(4):644-649.
[17]绪海红,郭向红,仇群伊.不同天气条件下苹果树液流日变化规律研究[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(22):120-124.
[18]熊伟,王彦辉,徐德应.宁南山区华北落叶松人工林蒸腾耗水规律及其对环境因子的响应[J].林业科学,2003,39(2):1-7.
[19]赵仲辉,康文星,田大伦,等.湖南会同杉木液流变化及其与环境因子的关系[J].林业科学,2009,45(7):127-132.
[20]朱亚,吕光辉,胡颖颖,等.艾比湖自然保护区胡杨树干液流特征研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(11):69-73.
[21]虞沐奎,姜志林,鲁小珍,等.火炬松树干液流的研究[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(3):7-10.
[22]涂洁,廖迎春,王辉民,等.江西退化红壤区马尾松液流特征及其对气象因子的响应[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(4):755-760.
[23]刘鑫,张金池,王春林,等.长三角地区典型树种杉木液流速率变化特征][J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,38(2):86-92.
[24]王文杰,孙伟,邱岭,等.不同时间尺度下兴安落叶松树干液流密度与环境因子的关系[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):77-85.
[25]姚依强,陈珂,王彦辉,等.华北落叶松树干液流速率主要影响因子及关系的时间尺度变化[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(2):155-161.
[26]程静,欧阳旭,黄德卫,等.鼎湖山针阔叶混交林4种优势树种树干液流特征[J].生态学报,2015,35(12):4097-4104.