华北地区4200 a BP前后气候突变事件与社会响应
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摘要
随着人类需求的不断提高和对自然资源的依赖,气候变化已成为影响人类生存和发展的主要制约因素之一.本文以华北地区为例,讨论了4 200aBP前后气候突变事件及其造成的社会响应.通过分析多个气候替代指标发现,此时气候的干冷突变使得华北地区新石器文化衰落,农业文明急剧衰退,农业结构发生转变,旱作农业占据主导地位,草原畜牧业得以发展,社会分层逐渐出现.今后的研究需要进一步整合考古资料和高分辨率古气候记录,缩小测年误差,突出气候模型输出,深化对气候突变过程的理解,更好地应对未来的气候变化.
With the increasing demanding and dependence of natural resources,climatic changes tend to be a major constraint on the livelihood and development of human beings.In this paper,taking the north China region as an example,the proxy records of climate change and societal responses at about 4 200 aBP are discussed,and some coping strategies are put forward.Through the analysis of multiple climatic indexes,a drastic shift in climate is found that has substantially undermined the resilience of the agriculture-based society,caused a sharp decline of agricultural civilization and the change of agricultural structure in North China,which was ultimately replaced by the grassland-based animal husbandry and millet dominated agriculture,thereby leading to the emergence of a hierarchical society.Additional work is needed in the future to integrate archaeological data and high-resolution palaeoclimate records,reduce the dating error,highlight the output of climate models and deepen the comprehend of climate catastrophe process,which is of great significance to the future climate change.
With the increasing demanding and dependence of natural resources,climatic changes tend to be a major constraint on the livelihood and development of human beings.In this paper,taking the north China region as an example,the proxy records of climate change and societal responses at about 4 200 aBP are discussed,and some coping strategies are put forward.Through the analysis of multiple climatic indexes,a drastic shift in climate is found that has substantially undermined the resilience of the agriculture-based society,caused a sharp decline of agricultural civilization and the change of agricultural structure in North China,which was ultimately replaced by the grassland-based animal husbandry and millet dominated agriculture,thereby leading to the emergence of a hierarchical society.Additional work is needed in the future to integrate archaeological data and high-resolution palaeoclimate records,reduce the dating error,highlight the output of climate models and deepen the comprehend of climate catastrophe process,which is of great significance to the future climate change.
引文
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[5]侯光良,方修琦.中国全新世分区气温序列集成重建及特征分析[J].古地理学报,2012,14(2):243.
[6]Chen F H,Xu Q,Chen J,et al.East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation[J].Sci Rep,2015,5:11186.
[7]张本昀,李容全.洛阳盆地全新世气候环境[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,33(2):275.
[8]靳桂云,刘东生.华北北部中全新世降温气候事件与古文化变迁[J].科学通报,2001,46(20):1725.
[9]曹雯,夏正楷.河南孟津寺河南中全新世湖泊沉积物的易溶盐测定及其古水文意义[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2008,44(6):933.
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[11]杨楠.考古学读本[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2006.
[12]郭正堂,任小波,吕厚远,等.过去2万年以来气候变化的影响与人类适应---中国科学院战略性先导科技专项“应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题”之影响与适应任务群研究进展[J].中国科学院院刊,2016,31(1):142.
[13]靳桂云.龙山文化居民食物结构研究[J].文史哲,2013(2):99.
[14]陈雪香.岳石文化农业初探[J].东方考古,2012:595.
[15]史威,张静.中国气候变化与史前区域文化演变概貌[J].江苏教育学院学报(自然科学版),2009,26(2):41.
[16]王茜.甘肃省北山地区早白垩世爬行动物碳氧同位素对古气候的指示[D].北京:中国地质大学,2015.
[17]吴文祥,刘东生.4000aBP前后降温事件与中华文明的诞生[J].第四纪研究,2001,21(5):443.
[18]郭俊峰,房振,王兴华,等.济南市刘家庄遗址商代墓葬M121、M122发掘简报[J].中国国家博物馆馆刊,2016(7):81.
[19]齐乌云,王金霞,梁中合,等.山东沭河上游出土人骨的食性分析研究[J].华夏考古,2004(2):41.