不同种植方式对麦油两熟制花生生理特性及产量的影响
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摘要
以山花108为试材,在大田条件下设置麦田套种、直播露地和直播覆膜三种种植方式,系统研究了不同种植方式对麦油两熟制花生生理特性及品质的影响。结果表明:在花生生育前期,夏直播覆膜处理可提高其叶面积系数,增加功能叶的叶绿素含量、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,提高叶片净光合速率,增加植株干物质积累量,促进营养生长。麦套花生能显著提高花生生育中后期叶面积系数和叶绿素含量,改善光合性能,增加干物质积累,提高单株结果数、出仁率和果重。三种种植方式下花生产量表现为麦套>直播覆膜>直播露地。发展麦油两熟制花生,在人力和物力充足条件下,宜选用麦田套种方式;为适应机械化,宜采用夏直播覆膜栽培,同时力争早播和适当增加密度,保证产量。
Taking Shanhua 108 as material,we compared the physiological characteristics and quality of peanut in three different cropping patterns(wheat field inter-cropping,summer direct seeding treatment and summer direct seeding with plastic film treatment) under field conditions. The main results were as follows. In the earlier growing period of peanut,the summer direct seeding with plastic film treatment could increase the leaf area index,chlorophyll content in functional leaves,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate,thus promoted the amount of dry matter accumulation and vegetative growth of peanut. Wheat field inter-cropping could significantly increase the leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the middle and late growth period of peanut,improve photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation,thereby boost the fruit number per plant,kernel rate and fruit weight. The peanut yield under three cultivation patterns showed as wheat field inter-cropping > summer direct seeding with filming > summer direct seeding. Therefore,with sufficient manpower and material resources,wheat field inter-cropping pattern should be adopted for wheat-peanut double cropping system; to adapt to mechanization,summer direct seeding with filming pattern was suitable,and early sowing and appropriately increasing density should be adopted to ensure yield.
Taking Shanhua 108 as material,we compared the physiological characteristics and quality of peanut in three different cropping patterns(wheat field inter-cropping,summer direct seeding treatment and summer direct seeding with plastic film treatment) under field conditions. The main results were as follows. In the earlier growing period of peanut,the summer direct seeding with plastic film treatment could increase the leaf area index,chlorophyll content in functional leaves,stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate,thus promoted the amount of dry matter accumulation and vegetative growth of peanut. Wheat field inter-cropping could significantly increase the leaf area index and chlorophyll content in the middle and late growth period of peanut,improve photosynthetic performance and dry matter accumulation,thereby boost the fruit number per plant,kernel rate and fruit weight. The peanut yield under three cultivation patterns showed as wheat field inter-cropping > summer direct seeding with filming > summer direct seeding. Therefore,with sufficient manpower and material resources,wheat field inter-cropping pattern should be adopted for wheat-peanut double cropping system; to adapt to mechanization,summer direct seeding with filming pattern was suitable,and early sowing and appropriately increasing density should be adopted to ensure yield.
引文
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[21]赵会杰,邹琦,郭天财,等.密度和追肥时期对重穗型冬小麦品种L906群体辐射和光合特性的调控效应[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):270-277.
[22]曹树青,翟虎渠,盛生兰,等.高产杂交籼稻Ⅱ优129光合碳同化特性的研究[J].杂交水稻,2001,16(1):46-50.
[23]张艳艳,陈建生,张利民,等.不同种植方式对花生叶片光合特性、干物质积累与分配及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2014,43(1):39-43.
[24]汤笑.水氮及其互作对花生生理特性和产量品质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2007.
[25]杨传婷.不同种植方式对花生生理特性及耗水特点的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[26]王激清,左利兵,刘社平.不同种植方式对冀西北花生产量和品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(23):4780-4783.
[2]潘月红,钱贵霞.中国花生生产现状及发展趋势[J].中国食物与营养,2014,20(10):18-21.
[3]李国志.农作物栽培的制度[J].现代畜牧科技,2014(6):102.
[4]孙秀山,王才斌,吴正锋.山东省麦后夏直播花生生产发展潜力与对策[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(6):134-136.
[5]李能能.安徽省种粮大户农地规模经营影响因素研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.
[6]张贵国,刘振本,赵存花,等.早春马铃薯高产高效栽培技术[J].山东农业科学,2004(2):33-34.
[7]郑良军.小麦套种花生高产栽培技术[J].新疆农业科技,2008(4):22.
[8]郭峰,万书波,王才斌,等.麦套花生产量形成期固氮酶和保护酶活性特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2007,27(2):309-314.
[9]王伟.花生夏直播生产技术要点[J].现代农村科技,2015(19):15.
[10]张佳蕾,郭峰,杨莎,等.夏直播花生早熟和晚熟品种植株发育和产量品质差异[J].山东农业科学,2017,49(1):48-52.
[11]杨富军,赵长星,闫萌萌,等.栽培方式对夏直播花生叶片光合特性及产量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(3):747-752.
[12]陈建生,李文金,武晓亮,等.不同种植方式对花生生长发育及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2013,42(2):45-48.
[13]于海林.不同种植方式对花生生育及产量的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2007(5):30-32.
[14]张俊,汤丰收,刘娟,等.不同种植方式夏花生开花物候与结果习性[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(8):979-986.
[15]Arnon D I,Whatley F R.Factors influencing oxygen production by illuminated chloroplast fragments[J].Archives of Biochemistry,1949,23(1):141-156.
[16]王夏,胡新,孙忠富,等.不同播期和播量对小麦群体性状和产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(21):170-176.
[17]王晓玲,汤百高,顾正清,等.芝麻花期叶片光合产物的运输分配及对产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2006,28(4):444-447.
[18]黄智鸿,王思远,包岩,等.超高产玉米品种干物质积累与分配特点的研究[J].玉米科学,2007,15(3):95-98.
[19]谢天保,曾春初,徐述明.湘南地区春玉米播期试验初报[J].作物研究,2005,19(4):216-218.
[20]吕丽华,王璞,鲁来清.不同冠层结构下夏玉米产量形成的源库关系[J].玉米科学,2008,16(4):66-71.
[21]赵会杰,邹琦,郭天财,等.密度和追肥时期对重穗型冬小麦品种L906群体辐射和光合特性的调控效应[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):270-277.
[22]曹树青,翟虎渠,盛生兰,等.高产杂交籼稻Ⅱ优129光合碳同化特性的研究[J].杂交水稻,2001,16(1):46-50.
[23]张艳艳,陈建生,张利民,等.不同种植方式对花生叶片光合特性、干物质积累与分配及产量的影响[J].花生学报,2014,43(1):39-43.
[24]汤笑.水氮及其互作对花生生理特性和产量品质的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2007.
[25]杨传婷.不同种植方式对花生生理特性及耗水特点的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2012.
[26]王激清,左利兵,刘社平.不同种植方式对冀西北花生产量和品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(23):4780-4783.