沈阳师范大学校园绿化植物的应用及分析
|
摘要
调查了沈阳师范大学校园绿化植物的种类,发现乔木共计62种,其中以蔷薇科种数最多,达18种。从数量上看,在教学区占优势的乔木包括银杏、国槐及其变种金叶槐、刺槐、黄檗、臭椿、山皂角、欧洲赤松、新疆杨、花楸、元宝槭;东生活区为苹果梨、金叶槐、新疆杨;南生活区优势树种为梓树、新疆杨;北生活区则为银中杨、新疆杨。灌木共计32种,其中蔷薇科灌木达9种。葡萄科藤本植物3种。绿化应用的草本植物有23种,以禾本科植物种类较多,达6种,它们主要是作为草坪地被来应用,其中早熟禾面积最大。总结了沈阳师范大学校园绿化的优点,主要是植物配置种类丰富,观花、观果、观叶植物搭配合理;珍稀植物有一定的应用,一些植物的规模应用效应明显,地处一隅的小土山上较为自然生长的植被提供了别样的绿化与休闲空间。分析了其中存在的问题,如速生树种杨树比例过大,某些植物栽植在不适合其生态要求的生境之中,以及梨树与柏之间的搭配导致梨锈病严重的问题。认为校园绿化植物的选择、配置应考虑植物学、植物生态学、植物生理学、景观学、美学、经济学等方面的综合因素,从而最大化地发挥校园绿化的生态效益和文化效益。
Gardening plant species were investigated in Shenyang Normal University. There were 62 tree species and 18 species belonged to rose family. Dominant tree species in the study area were Ginkgo biloba,Sophora japonica,Robinia pseudoacacia,Phellodendron amurense,Ailanthus altissima,Gleditsia japonica,Pinus sylvestris,Populus alba var. pyramidalis,Sorbus pohuashanensis,Acer truncatum. Larger number of Pyrus bretschneideri,Sophora japonica and Populus alba var. pyramidalis existed in the east living quarters. Dominant species were Catalpa ovata and Populus alba var. pyramidalis in the south living quarters as well as Populus alba Berolinensis and Populus alba var. pyramidalis in the north living quarters. There were 32 shrub species and 9 species belonged to rose family. 3 vine species belonged to Vitaceae family. 23 herbal species were used as ground cover and 6 species were gramineous plants and Poa pratensis was the dominant species. On the credit side,there were abundant species in the greening system. Leaf,flower and fruit effect plants were arranged reasonablely. Some rare plants were used. Some plants were planted in large-scale and presented very good visual effect. There was a very special greening space that plants grew naturally on the small hill in the campus. On the other hand,there were some problems. The proportion of poplar was too high and cypress was planted near pear trees which led to serious rust disease. The application and collocation of plants should consider the principals of botany,plant ecology,plant physiology,geography of landscape,esthetics and economics level to get the biggest ecological and cultural effect.
Gardening plant species were investigated in Shenyang Normal University. There were 62 tree species and 18 species belonged to rose family. Dominant tree species in the study area were Ginkgo biloba,Sophora japonica,Robinia pseudoacacia,Phellodendron amurense,Ailanthus altissima,Gleditsia japonica,Pinus sylvestris,Populus alba var. pyramidalis,Sorbus pohuashanensis,Acer truncatum. Larger number of Pyrus bretschneideri,Sophora japonica and Populus alba var. pyramidalis existed in the east living quarters. Dominant species were Catalpa ovata and Populus alba var. pyramidalis in the south living quarters as well as Populus alba Berolinensis and Populus alba var. pyramidalis in the north living quarters. There were 32 shrub species and 9 species belonged to rose family. 3 vine species belonged to Vitaceae family. 23 herbal species were used as ground cover and 6 species were gramineous plants and Poa pratensis was the dominant species. On the credit side,there were abundant species in the greening system. Leaf,flower and fruit effect plants were arranged reasonablely. Some rare plants were used. Some plants were planted in large-scale and presented very good visual effect. There was a very special greening space that plants grew naturally on the small hill in the campus. On the other hand,there were some problems. The proportion of poplar was too high and cypress was planted near pear trees which led to serious rust disease. The application and collocation of plants should consider the principals of botany,plant ecology,plant physiology,geography of landscape,esthetics and economics level to get the biggest ecological and cultural effect.
引文
[1]李开然.绿色基础设施:概念,理论及实践[J].中国园林,2009,25(10):88-90.
[2]胡牮,王城超,张圣龙,等.丽水学院植物景观研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016(3):98-101.
[3]杜运鹏,李双,刘晓丽,等.清华大学校园植物配置调查与分析[J].2010年全国观赏园艺学术年会论文集.西宁:中国园艺学会,2010:594-600.
[4]韩世明,孙丽,李志文,等.高校校园植物配置与区系分析:以东华理工大学广兰校区为例[J].江西农业学报2016,28(7):32-38.
[5]李艳菊.成都理工大学生态型校园植物配置调查与评价[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(9):96-98.
[6]刘东,李运婷,伍燕玲,等.重庆市校园植物的多样性调查与分析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,39(4):77-82.
[7]张龙冲,郭二辉,李永生,等.郑州市高校校园木本植物群落调查及物种多样性分析[J].江西农业学报2016,28(6):36-41.
[8]张海霞,韩志平,乔方清,等.山西大同大学校园植物配置调查[J].山西大同大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(2):56-59.
[9]李娜,郭峰.河北农业大学东校区植物多样性分析及改善对策[J].河北林果研究,2015,30(4):363-368.
[10]邵丽霞,邵园园,张琦,等.大学校园植物多样性特征及其优化配置:以江苏大学为例[J].科技信息,2009(7):749-750,742.
[11]熊运海.提高校园绿地植物物种多样性策略[J].生物学通报,2005,40(7):17-18.
[12]杨琴军,陈龙清,杨晨珊.大学校园植物景观研究:以武汉大学为例[J].华中建筑,2010,28(10):133-136.
[13]陈亮明,朱凯.大学城景观环境设计的生态对策:以广州大学城为例[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(7):1357-1359,1363.
[14]陈秋菲.大学校园植物景观设计探究[J].园艺与种苗,2012(6):76-77.
[15]鲁敏,杨盼盼,闫红梅,等.高校生态校园植物配置概念设计:以山东建筑大学新校区为例[J].山东建筑大学学报,2014,29(1):9-27.
[16]申屠文月.高校校园绿化植物配置评价指标体系构建[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(5):1850-1851.
[17]白同宇.北京地区大学校园生态化植物配置调查与研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2015.
[18]张丽.秋色叶植物在校园景观中的运用:以北方工业大学校园景观为例[J].现代园艺,2016(2):73.
[19]方碧真,卢燕卿,罗玲凤,等.广州大学校园植物的合理配置与优化探讨[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2014,13(3):80-87.
[20]覃世霞,庭玉凤,何娟,等.高校生态型校园植物配置调查与评价[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(3):139-140.
[21]王光日.沈阳地区应大力发展的绿化树种:银杏[J].辽宁林业科技,1991(4):62-63,55.
[22]周鸿儒,毛金凤.高校季节性景观植物旅游资源研究:以沈阳师范大学银杏叶为例[J].旅游纵览,2017(1):35-36,39.
[23]李万桥,陆庆轩,王爱杰.沈阳市部分街路银杏树枯黄原因分析及解决对策[J].辽宁林业科技,2003(2):26-27.
[24]王月,高国平,王钦.沈阳地区银杏病害的种类及其防治措施[J].辽宁林业科技,2006(2):12-15,42.
[25]徐岚,田伟,荆晓梅,等.沈阳市街路银杏生理抗性初探[J].农业科技与信息(现代园林),2008(4):
[2]胡牮,王城超,张圣龙,等.丽水学院植物景观研究[J].黑龙江农业科学,2016(3):98-101.
[3]杜运鹏,李双,刘晓丽,等.清华大学校园植物配置调查与分析[J].2010年全国观赏园艺学术年会论文集.西宁:中国园艺学会,2010:594-600.
[4]韩世明,孙丽,李志文,等.高校校园植物配置与区系分析:以东华理工大学广兰校区为例[J].江西农业学报2016,28(7):32-38.
[5]李艳菊.成都理工大学生态型校园植物配置调查与评价[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(9):96-98.
[6]刘东,李运婷,伍燕玲,等.重庆市校园植物的多样性调查与分析[J].西南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,39(4):77-82.
[7]张龙冲,郭二辉,李永生,等.郑州市高校校园木本植物群落调查及物种多样性分析[J].江西农业学报2016,28(6):36-41.
[8]张海霞,韩志平,乔方清,等.山西大同大学校园植物配置调查[J].山西大同大学学报(自然科学版),2012,28(2):56-59.
[9]李娜,郭峰.河北农业大学东校区植物多样性分析及改善对策[J].河北林果研究,2015,30(4):363-368.
[10]邵丽霞,邵园园,张琦,等.大学校园植物多样性特征及其优化配置:以江苏大学为例[J].科技信息,2009(7):749-750,742.
[11]熊运海.提高校园绿地植物物种多样性策略[J].生物学通报,2005,40(7):17-18.
[12]杨琴军,陈龙清,杨晨珊.大学校园植物景观研究:以武汉大学为例[J].华中建筑,2010,28(10):133-136.
[13]陈亮明,朱凯.大学城景观环境设计的生态对策:以广州大学城为例[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(7):1357-1359,1363.
[14]陈秋菲.大学校园植物景观设计探究[J].园艺与种苗,2012(6):76-77.
[15]鲁敏,杨盼盼,闫红梅,等.高校生态校园植物配置概念设计:以山东建筑大学新校区为例[J].山东建筑大学学报,2014,29(1):9-27.
[16]申屠文月.高校校园绿化植物配置评价指标体系构建[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(5):1850-1851.
[17]白同宇.北京地区大学校园生态化植物配置调查与研究[D].北京:北京建筑大学,2015.
[18]张丽.秋色叶植物在校园景观中的运用:以北方工业大学校园景观为例[J].现代园艺,2016(2):73.
[19]方碧真,卢燕卿,罗玲凤,等.广州大学校园植物的合理配置与优化探讨[J].广州大学学报(自然科学版),2014,13(3):80-87.
[20]覃世霞,庭玉凤,何娟,等.高校生态型校园植物配置调查与评价[J].贵州农业科学,2009,37(3):139-140.
[21]王光日.沈阳地区应大力发展的绿化树种:银杏[J].辽宁林业科技,1991(4):62-63,55.
[22]周鸿儒,毛金凤.高校季节性景观植物旅游资源研究:以沈阳师范大学银杏叶为例[J].旅游纵览,2017(1):35-36,39.
[23]李万桥,陆庆轩,王爱杰.沈阳市部分街路银杏树枯黄原因分析及解决对策[J].辽宁林业科技,2003(2):26-27.
[24]王月,高国平,王钦.沈阳地区银杏病害的种类及其防治措施[J].辽宁林业科技,2006(2):12-15,42.
[25]徐岚,田伟,荆晓梅,等.沈阳市街路银杏生理抗性初探[J].农业科技与信息(现代园林),2008(4):