“一带一路”倡议下中国与非洲油气合作的对策研究
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摘要
中国于2017年、2018年相继成为全球最大原油、天然气进口国,2018年,石油、天然气对外依存度分别为70.9%、45.3%,油气供给已成为影响我国能源安全和发展的重要因素。非洲地区油气资源丰富,能源政策相对开放,开发成本较为低廉,是中国原油进口的第二大来源地,也是"一带一路"的重要组成部分,凭借独特的地缘、政治、经济条件,加之中非良好的合作基础和经济互补性,中非油气合作拥有广阔的前景。但"一带一路"沿线部分国家也面临政局动荡、资金不足、产量递减等问题。建议以"一带一路"倡议为引导,从国家层面推动制定中非油气合作的政策与机制,加强投资环境风险评估,发挥合作资金保障优势,重视先进适用技术的推广与应用,进一步扩大和深化与非洲的油气合作。
China became the largest crude oil and natural gas importer in the world in 2017 and 2018. China's dependence on foreign oil and natural gas reached 70.9 percent and 45.3 percent in 2018. Oil and gas supply has become an factor affecting China's energy security and development. Africa is rich in oil and gas resources with the relatively deregulated energy policies. As a result, the cost is low for development. It is the second largest source of China's crude oil import and an important integral part of the Belt and Road Initiative, too. China and Africa have a broad prospect for oil and gas cooperation because of the geographical, political and economic conditions. In addition, China and Africa have a good basis for cooperation and economic complements. However, some countries on the Belt and Road itinerary also face a series of problems, such as fluctuating political situation, inadequate fund and declining production. It is proposed that the policies and mechanisms of China-Africa oil and gas cooperation should be formulated at the level of the nation and under the guidance of the Belt and Road Initiative. It is necessary to enhance risk evaluation of the investment environment, bring the joint capital advantages into full play, attach importance to extension and application of the latest appropriate technology, and further expand and deepen oil and gas cooperation with Africa.
China became the largest crude oil and natural gas importer in the world in 2017 and 2018. China's dependence on foreign oil and natural gas reached 70.9 percent and 45.3 percent in 2018. Oil and gas supply has become an factor affecting China's energy security and development. Africa is rich in oil and gas resources with the relatively deregulated energy policies. As a result, the cost is low for development. It is the second largest source of China's crude oil import and an important integral part of the Belt and Road Initiative, too. China and Africa have a broad prospect for oil and gas cooperation because of the geographical, political and economic conditions. In addition, China and Africa have a good basis for cooperation and economic complements. However, some countries on the Belt and Road itinerary also face a series of problems, such as fluctuating political situation, inadequate fund and declining production. It is proposed that the policies and mechanisms of China-Africa oil and gas cooperation should be formulated at the level of the nation and under the guidance of the Belt and Road Initiative. It is necessary to enhance risk evaluation of the investment environment, bring the joint capital advantages into full play, attach importance to extension and application of the latest appropriate technology, and further expand and deepen oil and gas cooperation with Africa.
引文
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[3]李越强,陆如泉.中非能源合作:“南南”互利共赢的典范[N].中国石油报,2018-08-28(6).Li Yueqiang,Lu Ruquan.China-Africa energy corporation--“South-South”model of mutual benefit and win-win[N].China Petroleum Daily,2018-08-28(6).
[4]汪巍.中非油气合作多元化发展[J].中国石化,2018(9):57-60.Wang Wei.Diversified development of China-Africa oil and gas cooperation[J].Sinopec Monthly,2018(9):57-60.
[5]孟庆璐,崔茉.董事长一周内密集见4位总统,中石油在非洲要有哪些大动作?[N].中国石油报,2018-09-06(1).Meng Qinglu,Cui Mo.Chairman visited 4 African countries Presidents in one week.What is CNPC's big plan in Africa?[N].China Petroleum Daily,2018-09-06(1).
[6]冯保国.加快“一带一路”油气合作机制建设[J].国际石油经济,2017,25(6):1-6.Feng Baoguo.Accelerating the construction of cooperation mechanism for oil and gas under the Belt and Road Initiative[J].International Petroleum Economics,2017,25(6):1-6.
[7]习近平.携手共命运同心促发展--在2018年中非合作论坛北京峰会开幕式上的主旨讲话[J].对外经贸实务,2018(10):4-7.Xi Jinping.Work together for common development and a shared future--Keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the 2018Beijing Summit of the forum on China-Africa cooperation[J].Practice in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade,2018(10):4-7.
[8]宋倩倩,李雪静,熊杰,等.基于全球能源格局调整和“一带一路”战略背景下的油气合作研究[J].中外能源,2018(3):1-9.Song Qianqian,Li Xuejing,Xiong Jie,et al.Research on oil and gas cooperation against a background of global energy structure adjustment and the Belt and Road Initiative[J].Sino-Global Energy,2018(3):1-9.
[9]金焕东,孙伊敏,朱颖超.中国石油企业“一带一路”对外合作面临的机遇与挑战[J].国际石油经济,2017,25(8):30-35.Jin Huandong,Sun Yimin,Zhu Yingchao.Opportunities and challenges of Chinese oil companies in foreign cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative[J].International Petroleum Economics,2017,25(8):30-35.
[10]罗霞,余雨航,余晓钟.“一带一路”国际能源项目PPP合作模式探究[J].石油科技论坛,2019,38(2):17-27.Luo Xia,Yu Yuhang,Yu Xiaozhong.Research on PPP cooperation model of“One Belt One Road”international energy projects[J].Oil Forum,2019,38(2):17-27.
[11]金博,于海涛.“一带一路”倡议框架下扩大深化中非油气合作的思考与建议[J].国际石油经济,2018,26(11):59-64.Jin Bo,Yu Haitao.Thoughts and suggestions on expanding and deepening Sino-Africa oil and gas cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative[J].International Petroleum Economics,2018,26(11):59-64.