红松人工林植被恢复对土壤活性有机碳组分影响的时效性
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摘要
以小兴安岭阔叶红松林皆伐迹地上不同时期营造的红松人工林(林龄分别为26、37、49和62年生,阔叶红松原始林为对照)为研究对象,通过对0～20 cm土层范围内土壤总有机碳、总氮、水解氮、可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳、易氧化有机碳、颗粒有机碳和轻组有机碳质量分数的测定与分析,研究了红松人工林植被恢复对土壤活性有机碳组分动态影响。结果表明:所研究的不同恢复时段红松人工林土壤总有机碳、总氮和水解氮质量分数表现出随着人工恢复的时间而增加的趋势,62年生红松人工林土壤全氮质量分数与红松原始林之间无显著性差异,且下层土壤总有机碳质量分数显著高于红松原始林(p<0.05),表明人工植被恢复超过60 a时土壤总有机碳和全氮质量分数即可得到有效恢复并接近红松原始林水平;土壤颗粒有机碳质量分数与总有机碳的关系极为显著(p<0.01),表现出虽然人工林植被土壤颗粒有机碳质量分数显著低于红松原始林(p<0.05),但随植被恢复时间的增加而显著增加的一致性规律,可以认为土壤颗粒有机碳质量分数可作为定量表征红松人工林植被恢复引起的土壤活性有机碳变化的敏感性指标。
To understand the dynamic effect on soil active organic carbon fractions in vegetation-restored Pinus koraiensis plantations, 0-20 cm depth soils were collected from four stand age of P. koraiensis plantations(26, 37, 49 and 62 a), respectively, which cultured and afforested in mixed broad-leaved P. koraiensis clear felling blank, and a virgin broad-leaved P. koraiensis forest(as a control) in Xiaoxing'an Mountains. The contents of soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, soluble organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and light organic carbon were determined and analyzed. With the increasing years of artificial recovery, the total organic carbon, total nitrogen and hydrolyzed nitrogen contents of P. koraiensis plantations in different restoration periods represented an increasing trend. The difference of soil total nitrogen content between 62-a P. koraiensis plantation and virgin P. koraiensis was not significant. The total organic carbon content of 62-a P. koraiensis plantation in lower soil layer was significantly higher than virgin broad-leaved P. koraiensis(p<0.05). These results indicated that the total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil could be approximately restored to the virgin P. koraiensis when the artificial vegetation recovered over 60 a. A highly significant correlation(p<0.01) between soil organic carbon and total organic carbon implied that the particulate organic carbon content raised with the increasing vegetation restoration years though the particulate organic carbon content in P. koraiensis plantation obviously lower than virgin Pinus koraiensis(p<0.05). The results suggested that particulate organic carbon can be considered as a sensitive indicator, which is quantitative description of the active organic carbon variation caused by vegetation-restored P. koraiensis plantations.
To understand the dynamic effect on soil active organic carbon fractions in vegetation-restored Pinus koraiensis plantations, 0-20 cm depth soils were collected from four stand age of P. koraiensis plantations(26, 37, 49 and 62 a), respectively, which cultured and afforested in mixed broad-leaved P. koraiensis clear felling blank, and a virgin broad-leaved P. koraiensis forest(as a control) in Xiaoxing'an Mountains. The contents of soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, soluble organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon, easily oxidized organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and light organic carbon were determined and analyzed. With the increasing years of artificial recovery, the total organic carbon, total nitrogen and hydrolyzed nitrogen contents of P. koraiensis plantations in different restoration periods represented an increasing trend. The difference of soil total nitrogen content between 62-a P. koraiensis plantation and virgin P. koraiensis was not significant. The total organic carbon content of 62-a P. koraiensis plantation in lower soil layer was significantly higher than virgin broad-leaved P. koraiensis(p<0.05). These results indicated that the total organic carbon and total nitrogen in the soil could be approximately restored to the virgin P. koraiensis when the artificial vegetation recovered over 60 a. A highly significant correlation(p<0.01) between soil organic carbon and total organic carbon implied that the particulate organic carbon content raised with the increasing vegetation restoration years though the particulate organic carbon content in P. koraiensis plantation obviously lower than virgin Pinus koraiensis(p<0.05). The results suggested that particulate organic carbon can be considered as a sensitive indicator, which is quantitative description of the active organic carbon variation caused by vegetation-restored P. koraiensis plantations.
引文
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[21] 杨玉盛,郭剑芬,陈银秀,等.福建柏和杉木人工林凋落物分解及养分动态的比较[J].林业科学,2004,40(3):19-25.
[22] 肖欣,王雄涛,欧阳勋志.马尾松人工林土壤有机碳特征及其与凋落物质量的关系[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):105-111.
[23] 柳敏,宇万太,姜子绍,等.土壤活性有机碳[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1412-1417.
[24] SIX J,CONANT R T,PAUL E A,et al.Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter:implications for C saturation of soils[J].Plant and Soil,2002,241(2):151-176.
[25] BOONE R D.Light-fraction soil organic matter:origin and contribution to net nitrogen mineralization[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1994,26(11):1459-1468.
[26] 陈立新,宋志韬,纪萱.红松人工林腐殖质组成及其结合形态研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(3):39-44.
[2] 段华平,李凤博,卞新民,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对直播稻产量及稻田土壤碳固定的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2009,25(3):706-708.
[3] POWELSON D S,BROOKES P C,CHRISTENSEN B T.Measurement of soil microbial biomass provided an early indication of changes in total soil organic matter due to straw incorporation[J].Soil Biol Biochem,1989,19(2):159-164.
[4] 沈宏,曹志洪,胡正义.土壤活性有机碳的表征及其生态效应[J].生态学杂志,1999,18(3):32-38.
[5] COLEMAN D C,REID C P P,COLE C V.Biological strategies of nutrient cycling in soil systems[J].Advances in Ecological Research,1983,13:1-55.
[6] 孙中伟,赵士洞.长白山北坡椴树阔叶红松林群落特征[J].生态学杂志,1995,14(5):26-30.
[7] 李景文,詹鸿振,刘传照.小兴安岭阔叶红松林采伐迹地更新的研究[J].林业科学,1988,24(2):130-38.
[8] 于立忠,刘利芳,王绪高,等.东北次生林生态系统保护与恢复技术探讨[J].生态学杂志,2017,36(11):3243-3248.
[9] 杨明.不同恢复途径对大、小兴安岭森林湿地生产力影响[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[10] 倪志英.大小兴安岭退化森林湿地过渡带群落恢复与重建途径及模式研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[11] 洪雪姣.大、小兴安岭主要森林群落类型土壤有机碳密度及影响因子的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2012.
[12] 谷思玉.红松人工林土壤肥力的研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2001.
[13] 国家林业局.森林土壤分析方法:LY/T 1210-1275-1999[M].北京:中国标准出版社,1999.
[14] BOLAN N S,BASKARAN S,THIAGRAJAN S.An evaluation of the measure method dissolved organic carbon in soils,Manures fudges and stream water[J].Soil Sci Plant,1996,27(13/14):2732-2737.
[15] CAMBAREDELLA C A,ELLIOTT E T.Particulate soil organic-matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1992,56(3):777-783.
[16] 谢锦升,杨玉盛,解明曙.土壤轻组有机质研究进展[J].福建林学院学报,2006,26(3):281-288.
[17] 韩晓日,苏俊峰,谢芳,等.长期施肥对棕壤有机碳及各组分的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(4):730-733.
[18] 朱丽琴,黄荣珍,段洪浪,等.红壤侵蚀地不同人工恢复林对土壤总有机碳和活性有机碳的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(1):249-257.
[19] 胡亚林,汪思龙,颜绍馗,等.杉木人工林取代天然次生阔叶林对土壤生物活性的影响应用[J].生态学报,2005,16(8):1411-1416.
[20] 淑敏,姜涛,王东丽,等.科尔沁沙地不同林龄樟子松人工林土壤生态化学计量特征[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):788-795.
[21] 杨玉盛,郭剑芬,陈银秀,等.福建柏和杉木人工林凋落物分解及养分动态的比较[J].林业科学,2004,40(3):19-25.
[22] 肖欣,王雄涛,欧阳勋志.马尾松人工林土壤有机碳特征及其与凋落物质量的关系[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,39(6):105-111.
[23] 柳敏,宇万太,姜子绍,等.土壤活性有机碳[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1412-1417.
[24] SIX J,CONANT R T,PAUL E A,et al.Stabilization mechanisms of soil organic matter:implications for C saturation of soils[J].Plant and Soil,2002,241(2):151-176.
[25] BOONE R D.Light-fraction soil organic matter:origin and contribution to net nitrogen mineralization[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1994,26(11):1459-1468.
[26] 陈立新,宋志韬,纪萱.红松人工林腐殖质组成及其结合形态研究[J].中国水土保持科学,2007,5(3):39-44.