塔里木河下游胡杨林根系吸水模型
|
摘要
以塔里木河下游河岸带生长良好具有代表性的胡杨为供试植被,利用土壤水分特征曲线的分形结合胡杨根系分布函数的方法,对根区土壤水分和根长根系吸水关系进行了研究,确定了土壤水分特征曲线和非饱和土壤导水率。根据干旱区胡杨根系分布特征建立了干旱区胡杨二维根长密度函数。所建根长密度函数在根层近地表处服从抛物面分布,而在根层下部服从指数面分布,并基于二维改进的Feddes模型,建立了胡杨根系吸水的二维数学模型。结果表明,春季、夏季、秋季、冬季实验区胡杨根区土壤水分模拟值与实测值的平均误差依次分别为4.0%、7.2%、5.9%、4.9%,均低于10%,得到了较好的模拟效果。这进一步提升了干旱区植物根系吸水模型的模拟精度,为干旱区自然植被耗水量的计算提供了新的方法和科学依据。因此,该二维模型在干旱区植物耗水计算中具有广泛的应用价值和现实意义。
Takingthe representative Populus euphratica as the vegetation samples in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,this paper determined the soil-water characteristic curve and the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity according to the meteorological elements,transpiration of P. euphratica,and hydrothermal soil profile parameters at the experimental siteobserved through the automatic weather station,sap flow meters,hydra probe and root sampling method.To study the water uptake by P. euphratica root is of significance for the maintenance and regeneration of P. euphratica and other plants in extremely arid region. Therefore,in this study,the root system distribution of P. euphratica and the soil moisture content in P. euphratica root zone were further analyzed by establishingthe two-dimensional root length density function of P. euphratica based on the distribution characteristics of roots of P. euphratica in arid zone and the modified Feddes model. A good result by comparing the simulation value with observation value was achieved. The comparison results show that the average relative errors between the simulated and observed soil water content are 4.0%,7.2%,5.9% and 4.9% in spring,summer,fall and winter,respectively,less than 10% for all seasons. Established root water absorption model is scientific and plays an important role in soil water and atmospheric water exchange in this paper. The new model further increases the simulation accuracy of plant root water uptake and provides a new method and scientific proof for the calculation of natural vegetation consumption in arid area. Root water quantity calculation accuracy will directly affect the calculation accuracy of the water cycle model. The two-dimensional root water uptake model has important practical significance for water resources management,water use efficiency and biological yield simulation in arid areas.
Takingthe representative Populus euphratica as the vegetation samples in the lower reaches of the Tarim River,this paper determined the soil-water characteristic curve and the unsaturated soil hydraulic conductivity according to the meteorological elements,transpiration of P. euphratica,and hydrothermal soil profile parameters at the experimental siteobserved through the automatic weather station,sap flow meters,hydra probe and root sampling method.To study the water uptake by P. euphratica root is of significance for the maintenance and regeneration of P. euphratica and other plants in extremely arid region. Therefore,in this study,the root system distribution of P. euphratica and the soil moisture content in P. euphratica root zone were further analyzed by establishingthe two-dimensional root length density function of P. euphratica based on the distribution characteristics of roots of P. euphratica in arid zone and the modified Feddes model. A good result by comparing the simulation value with observation value was achieved. The comparison results show that the average relative errors between the simulated and observed soil water content are 4.0%,7.2%,5.9% and 4.9% in spring,summer,fall and winter,respectively,less than 10% for all seasons. Established root water absorption model is scientific and plays an important role in soil water and atmospheric water exchange in this paper. The new model further increases the simulation accuracy of plant root water uptake and provides a new method and scientific proof for the calculation of natural vegetation consumption in arid area. Root water quantity calculation accuracy will directly affect the calculation accuracy of the water cycle model. The two-dimensional root water uptake model has important practical significance for water resources management,water use efficiency and biological yield simulation in arid areas.
引文
[1]许迪.典型经验根系吸水函数的田间模拟检验及评价[J].农业工程学报,1997,13(3):37-42[.XU Di.Field test and evaluation of empirical root uptake functions n soil water movement models[J].Transaction of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of CSAE),1997,13(3):37-42.]
[2]MOLZ F J,IRWIN Remson.Application of an extraction term model to study of moisture flow to plant roots[J].Agronomy Journal,1971,63,62-77.
[3]HILLEL D,TALPAZ H,VAN KEULEN.A macroscopic-scale model of water uptake by a non-uniform root system and of water and salt movement in the soil profile[J].Soil Sci,1976,121:242-255.
[4]康绍忠,刘晓明,熊运章.冬小麦根系吸水模式研究[J].西北农业大学学报:自然科学版,1992,20(2):5-12[.KANG Shaozhong,LIU Xiaoming,XIONG Yunzhang.Study on root system water absorption model of winter wheat[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(Natural Science Edition),1992,20(2)-5-12.]
[5]苏李君,王全九,白云岗,等.极端干旱地区葡萄根系吸水数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):88-93[.SU Lijun,WANGQuanjiu,BAI Yungang,et al.Numerical simulation at root water uptake for grape in extremely arid region[J].Transaction of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of CSAE),2012,28(6):88-93.]
[6]王一民,虎胆·吐马尔白,弋鹏飞,等.膜下滴灌棉花根系吸水模型的建立[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):137-140[.WANGYimin,TUMARBAY Hudan,YI Pengfei,et al.Modeling water uptake by cotton roots with drip irrigation under mulch film[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,31(1):137-140.]
[7]陈少清,朱大艺,欧忠辉.非均匀水势下作物根系吸水模型分析[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(7):655-667[.CHEN Shaoqing,ZHU Dayi,OU Zhonghui.Water uptake model analysis of crop roots under non-uniform water potential[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(7):655-667.]
[8]王利春,石建初,左强,等.盐分胁迫条件下冬小麦根系吸水模型的构建与验证[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):112-117.[WANG Lichun,SHI Jianchu,ZUO Qiang,et al.Establishing and validating the root water uptake model of winter wheat under salt stress conditions[J].Transaction of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of CSAE),2011,27(1):112-117.]
[9]王利春,石建初,左强,等.盐分胁迫条件下冬小麦根系吸水模型的构建与验证[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):112-117.[WANG Lichun,SHI Jianchu,Zuo Qiang,et al.Establishing and validating the root water uptake model of winter wheat under salt stress conditions[J].Transaction of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of CSAE),2011,27(1):112-117.]
[10]冯起,司建华,李建林,等.胡杨根系分布特征与根系吸水模型建立[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(7):765-772[.FENG Qi,SIJianhua,LI Jianlin,et al.Feature of root distribution of Populus euphratica and its water uptake model in extreme arid region[J].Advance in Earth Science,2008,23(7):765-772.]
[11]李建林,冯起,司建华.极端干旱区胡杨吸水根系的分布与模拟研究[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(1):97-101[.LI Jianlin,FENGQi,SI Jianhua.Distribution of uptake roots of Populus euphratica olive in extreme arid region,China[J].Arid Land Geography,2008,31(1):97-101.]
[12]FEDDES R A,BRESLER E,NEUMAN S P.Field test of a mod ified numerical model for water uptake by root systems[J].Wa ter Resources Research,1974,10:1199-1206.
[13]CAMPBELL G S.A simple method for determining unsaturate conductivity from moisture retention data[J].Soil Sci,1974,11(6):311-314.
[14]苏里坦,张展羽,古丽美拉.塔里木河干流两岸土壤水分特征曲线的分形模拟[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(4):530-534[.Suli tan,ZHANG Zhanyu,Gulimire.Fractal model for predicting th curves of unsaturated soil water retention along the mainstream of the Tarim River,China[J].Arid Land Geography,2004,2(4):530-534.]
[15]SULITAN D,SHALAMU A,GUAN Donghai.Coupled GSISVAT model with groundwater-surface water interaction in th riparian zone of Tarim Rive[rJ].Journal of Hydrologic Engineer ing,2013,18(10):1211-1218.
[16]串志强,盛钰,赵成义,等.膜下滴灌条件下绿洲棉田土壤水分运动数值模拟[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(5):673-679[.CHUANZhiqiang,SHENG Yu,ZHAO Chengyi,et al.Soil water move ment numerical simulation of drip irrigation under mulch[J].Ar id Land Geography,2008,31(5):673-679.]
[2]MOLZ F J,IRWIN Remson.Application of an extraction term model to study of moisture flow to plant roots[J].Agronomy Journal,1971,63,62-77.
[3]HILLEL D,TALPAZ H,VAN KEULEN.A macroscopic-scale model of water uptake by a non-uniform root system and of water and salt movement in the soil profile[J].Soil Sci,1976,121:242-255.
[4]康绍忠,刘晓明,熊运章.冬小麦根系吸水模式研究[J].西北农业大学学报:自然科学版,1992,20(2):5-12[.KANG Shaozhong,LIU Xiaoming,XIONG Yunzhang.Study on root system water absorption model of winter wheat[J].Journal of Northwest Sci-tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(Natural Science Edition),1992,20(2)-5-12.]
[5]苏李君,王全九,白云岗,等.极端干旱地区葡萄根系吸水数值模拟[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(6):88-93[.SU Lijun,WANGQuanjiu,BAI Yungang,et al.Numerical simulation at root water uptake for grape in extremely arid region[J].Transaction of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of CSAE),2012,28(6):88-93.]
[6]王一民,虎胆·吐马尔白,弋鹏飞,等.膜下滴灌棉花根系吸水模型的建立[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):137-140[.WANGYimin,TUMARBAY Hudan,YI Pengfei,et al.Modeling water uptake by cotton roots with drip irrigation under mulch film[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2011,31(1):137-140.]
[7]陈少清,朱大艺,欧忠辉.非均匀水势下作物根系吸水模型分析[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(7):655-667[.CHEN Shaoqing,ZHU Dayi,OU Zhonghui.Water uptake model analysis of crop roots under non-uniform water potential[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(7):655-667.]
[8]王利春,石建初,左强,等.盐分胁迫条件下冬小麦根系吸水模型的构建与验证[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):112-117.[WANG Lichun,SHI Jianchu,ZUO Qiang,et al.Establishing and validating the root water uptake model of winter wheat under salt stress conditions[J].Transaction of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of CSAE),2011,27(1):112-117.]
[9]王利春,石建初,左强,等.盐分胁迫条件下冬小麦根系吸水模型的构建与验证[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(1):112-117.[WANG Lichun,SHI Jianchu,Zuo Qiang,et al.Establishing and validating the root water uptake model of winter wheat under salt stress conditions[J].Transaction of Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transaction of CSAE),2011,27(1):112-117.]
[10]冯起,司建华,李建林,等.胡杨根系分布特征与根系吸水模型建立[J].地球科学进展,2008,23(7):765-772[.FENG Qi,SIJianhua,LI Jianlin,et al.Feature of root distribution of Populus euphratica and its water uptake model in extreme arid region[J].Advance in Earth Science,2008,23(7):765-772.]
[11]李建林,冯起,司建华.极端干旱区胡杨吸水根系的分布与模拟研究[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(1):97-101[.LI Jianlin,FENGQi,SI Jianhua.Distribution of uptake roots of Populus euphratica olive in extreme arid region,China[J].Arid Land Geography,2008,31(1):97-101.]
[12]FEDDES R A,BRESLER E,NEUMAN S P.Field test of a mod ified numerical model for water uptake by root systems[J].Wa ter Resources Research,1974,10:1199-1206.
[13]CAMPBELL G S.A simple method for determining unsaturate conductivity from moisture retention data[J].Soil Sci,1974,11(6):311-314.
[14]苏里坦,张展羽,古丽美拉.塔里木河干流两岸土壤水分特征曲线的分形模拟[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(4):530-534[.Suli tan,ZHANG Zhanyu,Gulimire.Fractal model for predicting th curves of unsaturated soil water retention along the mainstream of the Tarim River,China[J].Arid Land Geography,2004,2(4):530-534.]
[15]SULITAN D,SHALAMU A,GUAN Donghai.Coupled GSISVAT model with groundwater-surface water interaction in th riparian zone of Tarim Rive[rJ].Journal of Hydrologic Engineer ing,2013,18(10):1211-1218.
[16]串志强,盛钰,赵成义,等.膜下滴灌条件下绿洲棉田土壤水分运动数值模拟[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(5):673-679[.CHUANZhiqiang,SHENG Yu,ZHAO Chengyi,et al.Soil water move ment numerical simulation of drip irrigation under mulch[J].Ar id Land Geography,2008,31(5):673-679.]