一种新型直动式钵苗分苗装置的设计与试验
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摘要
目前蔬菜移栽机的分苗装置普遍采用旋转托杯(苗杯)的方案,这种方案为动态投苗,易挂苗、动力传动系统复杂、传动力矩大.为解决上述问题,提出了一种新型直动式钵苗分苗装置.阐述了分苗装置的工作原理,对分苗装置的主要零部件(直线移动装置、落苗装置、苗杯)进行了具体的结构和驱动设计;进行了定位误差试验与分苗成功率试验,并对分苗的效果进行了检验.试验发现:直动式分苗装置可以很好地实现瞬态静止接苗与分苗,接苗、分苗成功率高,且不易挂苗.苗杯直线移动的定位精度随着分苗速度的提高而逐渐下降,通过给电动机设定不同的脉冲频率优化之后,产生的误差数值保持在0.2～0.8 mm,满足分苗定位要求;对分苗装置进行了分苗试验,分苗成功率随着分苗速度的增加而逐渐下降,当分苗频率为70株·min~(-1)·行~(-1)时,分苗的成功率为95.03%.表明该分苗装置能够满足目前多行全自动移栽机的分苗速度及精度要求.
To solve the problems of current rotary cup(seedling cup) in dynamic vote seedling-dividing machine with easy hanging seedlings and complex power transmission system, a new direct action pot seedling separating equipment was proposed. The working principle of seedling device was described, and the main components of linear movement device, seedling dropping device and seedling cup were designed in detail. The tests of positioning error and seedling separation success of seedling transplanting device were conducted, and the effect of seedling separation was also determined. The results show that the direct action pot seedling separating equipment can realize picking and separating seedlings quietly without hanging seedlings. The positioning accuracy of linear movement of seedling cup is decreased gradually with the increasing of seedling speed. Setting different pulse frequency for the motor, the error is kept in the range from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, which meets the requirements of seedling positioning. The success rate of splitting seedling is decreased gradually with the increasing of seedling rate, and the success rate is 95.03% for the seedling rate of 70 plants/min/row. The proposed seedling separating equipment can meet the seedling speed and accuracy requirements of the current multi-line automatic transplanting machine.
To solve the problems of current rotary cup(seedling cup) in dynamic vote seedling-dividing machine with easy hanging seedlings and complex power transmission system, a new direct action pot seedling separating equipment was proposed. The working principle of seedling device was described, and the main components of linear movement device, seedling dropping device and seedling cup were designed in detail. The tests of positioning error and seedling separation success of seedling transplanting device were conducted, and the effect of seedling separation was also determined. The results show that the direct action pot seedling separating equipment can realize picking and separating seedlings quietly without hanging seedlings. The positioning accuracy of linear movement of seedling cup is decreased gradually with the increasing of seedling speed. Setting different pulse frequency for the motor, the error is kept in the range from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, which meets the requirements of seedling positioning. The success rate of splitting seedling is decreased gradually with the increasing of seedling rate, and the success rate is 95.03% for the seedling rate of 70 plants/min/row. The proposed seedling separating equipment can meet the seedling speed and accuracy requirements of the current multi-line automatic transplanting machine.
引文
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[2] 张振国,吕全贵,陈青云,等.盆栽花卉移栽机取苗机构的现状分析[J].江苏大学学报(自然科学版),2016,37(4):409-417.ZHANG Z G,LYU Q G,CHEN Q Y,et al.Status ana-lysis of picking seedling transplanting mechanism automatic mechanism for potted flower[J].Journal of Jiangsu University(Natural Science Edition),2016,37(4):409-417.(in Chinese)
[3] 石磊,雷良育,李佳.运用TRIZ理论的蔬菜苗嫁接机设计[J].重庆理工大学学报(自然科学),2014,28(4):108-112.SHI L,LEI L Y,LI J.Application of TRIZ theory in vegetable seedlings grafting machine design[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science),2014,28(4):108-112.(in Chinese)
[4] ZHANG W,NIU Z J,LI L H,et al.Design and optimization of seedling-feeding device for automatic maize transplanter with maize straw seedling-sprouting tray[J].Int J Agric & Biol Eng,2015,8(6):1-12.
[5] FENG Q C,ZHAO C J,JIANG K,et al.Design and test of tray seedling sorting transplanter[J].Int J Agric & Biol Eng,2015,8(2):14-20.
[6] 颜世东.玉米钵苗移栽机输送分苗机构的设计和试验[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016.
[7] MA J,HU J P,YAN X Y,et al.Transplanting path planning and motion functions research of the high-speed tray seedling transplanting robot[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,694:1747-1752.
[8] 于晓旭,赵匀,陈宝成,等.移栽机械发展现状与展望[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(8):44-53.YU X X,ZHAO Y,CHEN B C,et al.Current situation and prospect of transplanter[J].Transactions of the CSAM,2014,45(8):44-53.(in Chinese)
[9] MULYATI,BELL R W,HUANG L B.Root pruning and transplanting increase zinc requirements of canola(Brassica napus)[J].Plant and Soil,2009,314(1/2):11-24.
[10] 何达力,王磊,黄海东,等.藜蒿扦插机分苗取苗机构的设计与运动分析[J].华中农业大学学报,2013,32(4):116-121.HE D L,WANG L,HUANG H D,et al.Design and kinematic analysis of seedling cutting and seedling ta-king mechanism of Artemisia cutting machine[J].Jour- nal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2013,32 (4):116-121.(in Chinese)
[11] 李凯.四行油菜移栽机分苗机构的设计与试验研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2013.
[12] 于向涛,胡良龙,胡志超,等.我国旱地移栽机械概况与发展趋势[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(1):614-616.YU X T,HU L L,HU Z C,et al.Development trend and general situation of nonirrigated farmland transplanting mechanization in China[J].Journal of Anhui Agri Sci,2012,40(1):614-616.(in Chinese)
[13] 韩长杰.吊篮式移栽机的研究与分析[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2007.
[14] 贺益龙,温浩军,刘洋,等.吊篮式移栽机旋转杯式喂苗机构设计[J].农机化研究,2014(2):139-141.HE Y L,WEN H J,LIU Y,et al.Hanging basket transplanting machine rotating cup-type feed seedlings institutions design[J].Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014(2):139-141.(in Chinese)