营养液循环间隔时间对紫色小白菜根系解剖结构和生理特性的影响
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摘要
该研究通过自制营养液循环系统,设置系统运行和停止时间均为7.5min(T_1)、15min(T_2)、22.5min(T_3)、30min(T_4)4个处理,以静止营养液培养为对照(CK),研究不同营养液循环间隔时间对营养液环境指标及水培紫色小白菜根系形态学指标、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量、根系内源激素及根系细胞显微结构的影响,以探究营养液循环间隔时间对水培紫色小白菜根系生长的影响机理。结果显示:(1)第0～10天,CK的营养液溶解氧含量下降了3.5mg/L,T_1～T_4的溶解氧下降幅度基本一致,约下降了1.2mg/L,CK的营养液溶解氧下降速率约为T_1～T_4的3倍;营养液的循环间隔时间处理对营养液温度及离子总量无影响。(2)于处理后第10天,T_1～T_4处理的紫色小白菜根系总长度、根系表面积、根系平均直径等根系形态学指标均大于CK处理,且T_2、T_3较T_1、T_4的根系生长更优,说明一定范围的营养液循环间隔时间能促进根系生长。(3)CK的紫色小白菜根系脯氨酸和丙二醛含量最高,T_2在T_1～T_4营养液循环处理中脯氨酸和丙二醛含量均相对较高,T_4处理最低且二者均显著低于对照。(4)各处理10d后,紫色小白菜根系内源激素有显著差异,其中IAA和GA3含量变化一致,均为T_2>T_3>T_4>T_1>CK;ABA含量的大小顺序为CK>T_4>T_1>T_3>T_2,且T_2的ABA和ZR含量也基本处于最低水平。(5)细胞显微结构观察发现,T_1～T_4处理的根系横切面由内向外第3层皮层细胞数量、新生侧根距离根尖1cm处直径、维管束和木质部区域直径占根系直径的比例均显著高于对照,且3项指标均为T_2最大(30个、450μm、42.22%),说明T_2的根系长势最优。研究表明,营养液循环间隔时间为15min(T_2)能够显著改善营养液溶解氧含量,有效提高根系IAA和GA3含量、促进根系皮层细胞分裂、增加新生侧根直径以及维管束和木质部区域直径,从而使水培紫色小白菜根系生长最优。
In this study,through the homemade nutrient solution circulation system,the system operation and stop time were set to 7.5 min(T_1),15 min(T_2),22.5 min(T_3),and 30 min(T_4)for 4 treatments.With the control(CK),the effects of different nutrient solution cycle intervals on nutrient solution environmental indicators and root morphology of hydroponic purple cabbage,proline,malondialdehyde content,endogenous hormones in roots and microscopic structure of root cells were studied.In order to explore the mechanism of the effect of nutrient solution circulation interval on the root growth of hydroponic purple cabbage.The results showed that:(1)during the 0 th to 10 th day,the dissolved oxygen content of the nutrient solution of CK decreased by 3.5 mg/L,and the dissolved oxygen of T_1-T_4 decreased by about 1.2 mg/L,and the nutrient solution of CK dissolved.The rate of oxygen decline is about 3 times that of T_1-T_4;the circulation interval of nutrient solution has no effect on the temperature of nutrient solution and the total amount of ions.(2)At the 10 th day after treatment,the root morphological indexes such as total length,root surface area and root diameter of purple Chinese cabbage treated by T_1-T_4 were higher than that of CK treatment,and the roots of T_2 and T_3 grew more than that of T_1 and T_4,indicating that a certain range of nutrient solution circulation interval can promote root growth.(3)The contents of proline and malondialdehyde in the roots of purple cabbage of CK were the highest.Among T_1-T_4 treatments,the contents of proline and malondialdehyde in roots of T_2 were relatively high,and T_4 treatment was the lowest and both were significant below the control.(4)After 10 days of different treatments,there were significant differences in endogenous hormones in purple Chinese cabbage,and the contents of IAA and GA3 were consistent,both T_2>T_3>T_4>T_1>CK;the order of ABA content was CK>T_4>T_1>T_3>T_2,and the ABA and ZR contents of T_2 are also at a minimum level.(5)Observation of cell microstructure revealed that the cross-section of the roots of CK,T_1-T_4 treatments from the inside to the outside of the third layer of cortical cells,the diameter of the new lateral roots at a distance of 1 cm from the root tip,the diameter of the vascular bundle and the xylem region accounted for the diameter of the root system.The proportions of T_1-T_4 were significantly higher than that of control,and the three indicators were the largest with T_2(30,450μm,42.22%),indicating that the root growth of T_2 is optimal.Studies have shown that the nutrient solution cycle time of 15 min(T_2)can significantly improve the dissolved oxygen content of nutrient solution,effectively increase the content of IAA and GA3 in roots,promote the division of root cortical cells,increase the diameter of new lateral roots and the diameter of vascular bundles and xylem regions.The root system of hydroponic purple cabbage was optimally grown.
In this study,through the homemade nutrient solution circulation system,the system operation and stop time were set to 7.5 min(T_1),15 min(T_2),22.5 min(T_3),and 30 min(T_4)for 4 treatments.With the control(CK),the effects of different nutrient solution cycle intervals on nutrient solution environmental indicators and root morphology of hydroponic purple cabbage,proline,malondialdehyde content,endogenous hormones in roots and microscopic structure of root cells were studied.In order to explore the mechanism of the effect of nutrient solution circulation interval on the root growth of hydroponic purple cabbage.The results showed that:(1)during the 0 th to 10 th day,the dissolved oxygen content of the nutrient solution of CK decreased by 3.5 mg/L,and the dissolved oxygen of T_1-T_4 decreased by about 1.2 mg/L,and the nutrient solution of CK dissolved.The rate of oxygen decline is about 3 times that of T_1-T_4;the circulation interval of nutrient solution has no effect on the temperature of nutrient solution and the total amount of ions.(2)At the 10 th day after treatment,the root morphological indexes such as total length,root surface area and root diameter of purple Chinese cabbage treated by T_1-T_4 were higher than that of CK treatment,and the roots of T_2 and T_3 grew more than that of T_1 and T_4,indicating that a certain range of nutrient solution circulation interval can promote root growth.(3)The contents of proline and malondialdehyde in the roots of purple cabbage of CK were the highest.Among T_1-T_4 treatments,the contents of proline and malondialdehyde in roots of T_2 were relatively high,and T_4 treatment was the lowest and both were significant below the control.(4)After 10 days of different treatments,there were significant differences in endogenous hormones in purple Chinese cabbage,and the contents of IAA and GA3 were consistent,both T_2>T_3>T_4>T_1>CK;the order of ABA content was CK>T_4>T_1>T_3>T_2,and the ABA and ZR contents of T_2 are also at a minimum level.(5)Observation of cell microstructure revealed that the cross-section of the roots of CK,T_1-T_4 treatments from the inside to the outside of the third layer of cortical cells,the diameter of the new lateral roots at a distance of 1 cm from the root tip,the diameter of the vascular bundle and the xylem region accounted for the diameter of the root system.The proportions of T_1-T_4 were significantly higher than that of control,and the three indicators were the largest with T_2(30,450μm,42.22%),indicating that the root growth of T_2 is optimal.Studies have shown that the nutrient solution cycle time of 15 min(T_2)can significantly improve the dissolved oxygen content of nutrient solution,effectively increase the content of IAA and GA3 in roots,promote the division of root cortical cells,increase the diameter of new lateral roots and the diameter of vascular bundles and xylem regions.The root system of hydroponic purple cabbage was optimally grown.
引文
[1]陈艳丽.热带高温季节叶用莴苣水培关键技术体系研究[D].海口:海南大学,2014.
[2]郭世荣.营养液溶氧浓度对黄瓜和番茄根系呼吸强度的影响[J].园艺学报,2000,27(2):141-142.GUO S R.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations in nutrient solution on the respiratory intensity of cucumber and tomato roots[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2000,27(2):141-142.
[3]LIANG H,QI J W,JI Y H,et al.Response of lettuce to the coupling electrical conductivity and circulation rate of the nutrient solution in hydroponics[J].Journal of Life Sciences,2017,11(4):202-205.
[4]胡继杰.溶解氧对水稻生长和氮素吸收及根际氮素转化的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[5]CHUNG G C,ROWE R N,FIELD R J.Solution depth affects root morphology and growth of cucumber plants grown in circulating nutrient solution[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1989,114:809-813.
[6]任毛飞,王吉庆,李宇,等.间断供液时间对营养液膜栽培番茄生长及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,10(20):67-75.REN M F,WANG J Q,LI Y,et al.Effect of intermittent solution circulation on tomato growth and yield in the nutrient film technique[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,10(20):67-75.
[7]JENSEN M H,COLLINS W L.Hydroponic Vegetable Production[M]//JENSEN M H,COLLINS W L.Horticultural Reviews.Hoboken,NJ,USA:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2011:483-558.DOI:10.1002/9781118060735.ch10.
[8]滕星,高星爱,姚丽影,等.植物工厂水培生菜技术研究进展[J].东北农业科学,2017,42(1):40-45.TENG X,GAO X A,YAO L Y,et al.Review on studies of hydroponic lettuce production technology in plant growing factory[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences,2017,42(1):40-45.
[9]李正德,辛学锐,丛培军,等.紫色小白菜---好地紫罗兰[J].中国蔬菜,2011,(11):35.LI Z D,XIN X R,CONG P J,et al.Purple cabbage-good violet[J].China Vegetables,2011,(11):35.
[10]李长新.紫色小白菜花青素理化性质研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[11]CHEN L J,HRAZDINA G.Structural aspects of anthocyanin-flavonoid complex formation and its role in plant color[J].Phytochemistry,1981,20(2):297-303.
[12]李雯,陈小玲,刘彩芬,等.黑枸杞花青苷的研究进展[J].生物资源,2017,39(3):162-167.LI W,CHEN X L,LIU C F,et al.Research progress in anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum[J].Biotic Resources,2017,39(3):162-167.
[13]余凡,赵冠杰,李新生,等.花青苷的研究进展[J].现代食品,2017,10(19):21-26.YU F,ZHAO G J,LI X S,et al.Research progress of anthocyanin compounds[J].Modern Food,2017,10(19):21-26.
[14]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[15]王保民,何钟佩,田晓莉,等.GA4间接酶联免疫吸附测定方法的建立[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,(S4):87-90.WANG B M,HE Z P,TIAN X L,et al.Indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for determination of free gibberellin GA4[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,1998,(S4):87-90.
[16]周赟.甘草响应干旱逆境的生理生化机制研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[17]欧巧明,倪建福,马瑞君.春小麦根系木质部导管与其抗旱性的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(3):27-31.OU Q M,NI J F,MA R J.Relation between roots xylem pipe and drought-resistance in spring wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(3):27-31.
[18]王平魁.植物工厂化生产NFT系统中营养液调控对生菜生长的影响[D].河北邯郸:河北工程大学,2017.
[19]朱练峰.根际氧供应对水稻根系生长的影响及其与产量形成的关系[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[20]郑小兰,王瑞娇,赵群法,等.根际氧含量影响植物生长的生理生态机制研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(7):805-814.ZHENG X L,WANG R J,ZHAO Q F,et al.Ecophysiological mechanisms of plant growth under the influence of rhizosphere oxygen concentration:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(7):805-814.
[21]RANJITHA KUMARI B D,VEERANJANEYULU K.Changes in leaf water potential,osmotic adjustment,and proline metabolism in mulberry during water stress[J].Israel Journal of Plant Sciences,1996,44(2-3):135-141.
[22]李雪凝,董守坤,刘丽君,等.干旱胁迫对春大豆超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(15):93-97.LI X N,DONG S K,LIU L J,et al.Effect of drought stress on SOD activity and MDA content of spring soybean[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(15):93-97.
[23]SUGIURA T,DOHI Y,YAMASHITA S,et al.Malondialdehyde-modified LDL to HDL-cholesterol ratio reflects endothelial damage[J].International Journal of Cardiology,2011,147(3):461-463.
[24]高洪波.根际低氧胁迫下网纹甜瓜幼苗生理代谢的特征及Ca2+、GABA生理调节功能[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[25]徐国伟,吕强,陆大克,等.干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮对水稻根系性状及籽粒库活性的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(10):1 495-1 505.XU G W,LQ,LU D K,et al.Effect of wetting and drying alternative irrigation coupling with nitrogen application on root characteristic and grain-sink activity[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(10):1 495-1 505.
[26]熊格生.营养液漂浮育苗移栽棉高产与高效栽培的生物学特性分析[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[27]张艳军.棉花对不同生育期淹水胁迫的差异响应及其生理学机制[D].济南:山东大学,2017.
[28]HE C J,DREW M C,MORGAN P W.Induction of enzymes associated with lysigenous aerenchyma formation in roots of Zea mays during hypoxia or nitrogen starvation[J].Plant Physiology,1994,105(3):861-865.
[2]郭世荣.营养液溶氧浓度对黄瓜和番茄根系呼吸强度的影响[J].园艺学报,2000,27(2):141-142.GUO S R.Effect of dissolved oxygen concentrations in nutrient solution on the respiratory intensity of cucumber and tomato roots[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2000,27(2):141-142.
[3]LIANG H,QI J W,JI Y H,et al.Response of lettuce to the coupling electrical conductivity and circulation rate of the nutrient solution in hydroponics[J].Journal of Life Sciences,2017,11(4):202-205.
[4]胡继杰.溶解氧对水稻生长和氮素吸收及根际氮素转化的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2017.
[5]CHUNG G C,ROWE R N,FIELD R J.Solution depth affects root morphology and growth of cucumber plants grown in circulating nutrient solution[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1989,114:809-813.
[6]任毛飞,王吉庆,李宇,等.间断供液时间对营养液膜栽培番茄生长及产量的影响[J].北方园艺,2018,10(20):67-75.REN M F,WANG J Q,LI Y,et al.Effect of intermittent solution circulation on tomato growth and yield in the nutrient film technique[J].Northern Horticulture,2018,10(20):67-75.
[7]JENSEN M H,COLLINS W L.Hydroponic Vegetable Production[M]//JENSEN M H,COLLINS W L.Horticultural Reviews.Hoboken,NJ,USA:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2011:483-558.DOI:10.1002/9781118060735.ch10.
[8]滕星,高星爱,姚丽影,等.植物工厂水培生菜技术研究进展[J].东北农业科学,2017,42(1):40-45.TENG X,GAO X A,YAO L Y,et al.Review on studies of hydroponic lettuce production technology in plant growing factory[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences,2017,42(1):40-45.
[9]李正德,辛学锐,丛培军,等.紫色小白菜---好地紫罗兰[J].中国蔬菜,2011,(11):35.LI Z D,XIN X R,CONG P J,et al.Purple cabbage-good violet[J].China Vegetables,2011,(11):35.
[10]李长新.紫色小白菜花青素理化性质研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2011.
[11]CHEN L J,HRAZDINA G.Structural aspects of anthocyanin-flavonoid complex formation and its role in plant color[J].Phytochemistry,1981,20(2):297-303.
[12]李雯,陈小玲,刘彩芬,等.黑枸杞花青苷的研究进展[J].生物资源,2017,39(3):162-167.LI W,CHEN X L,LIU C F,et al.Research progress in anthocyanins from Lycium ruthenicum[J].Biotic Resources,2017,39(3):162-167.
[13]余凡,赵冠杰,李新生,等.花青苷的研究进展[J].现代食品,2017,10(19):21-26.YU F,ZHAO G J,LI X S,et al.Research progress of anthocyanin compounds[J].Modern Food,2017,10(19):21-26.
[14]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[15]王保民,何钟佩,田晓莉,等.GA4间接酶联免疫吸附测定方法的建立[J].中国农业大学学报,1998,(S4):87-90.WANG B M,HE Z P,TIAN X L,et al.Indirect enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for determination of free gibberellin GA4[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,1998,(S4):87-90.
[16]周赟.甘草响应干旱逆境的生理生化机制研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[17]欧巧明,倪建福,马瑞君.春小麦根系木质部导管与其抗旱性的关系[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(3):27-31.OU Q M,NI J F,MA R J.Relation between roots xylem pipe and drought-resistance in spring wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(3):27-31.
[18]王平魁.植物工厂化生产NFT系统中营养液调控对生菜生长的影响[D].河北邯郸:河北工程大学,2017.
[19]朱练峰.根际氧供应对水稻根系生长的影响及其与产量形成的关系[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2013.
[20]郑小兰,王瑞娇,赵群法,等.根际氧含量影响植物生长的生理生态机制研究进展[J].植物生态学报,2017,41(7):805-814.ZHENG X L,WANG R J,ZHAO Q F,et al.Ecophysiological mechanisms of plant growth under the influence of rhizosphere oxygen concentration:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2017,41(7):805-814.
[21]RANJITHA KUMARI B D,VEERANJANEYULU K.Changes in leaf water potential,osmotic adjustment,and proline metabolism in mulberry during water stress[J].Israel Journal of Plant Sciences,1996,44(2-3):135-141.
[22]李雪凝,董守坤,刘丽君,等.干旱胁迫对春大豆超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(15):93-97.LI X N,DONG S K,LIU L J,et al.Effect of drought stress on SOD activity and MDA content of spring soybean[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2016,32(15):93-97.
[23]SUGIURA T,DOHI Y,YAMASHITA S,et al.Malondialdehyde-modified LDL to HDL-cholesterol ratio reflects endothelial damage[J].International Journal of Cardiology,2011,147(3):461-463.
[24]高洪波.根际低氧胁迫下网纹甜瓜幼苗生理代谢的特征及Ca2+、GABA生理调节功能[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[25]徐国伟,吕强,陆大克,等.干湿交替灌溉耦合施氮对水稻根系性状及籽粒库活性的影响[J].作物学报,2016,42(10):1 495-1 505.XU G W,LQ,LU D K,et al.Effect of wetting and drying alternative irrigation coupling with nitrogen application on root characteristic and grain-sink activity[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2016,42(10):1 495-1 505.
[26]熊格生.营养液漂浮育苗移栽棉高产与高效栽培的生物学特性分析[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2009.
[27]张艳军.棉花对不同生育期淹水胁迫的差异响应及其生理学机制[D].济南:山东大学,2017.
[28]HE C J,DREW M C,MORGAN P W.Induction of enzymes associated with lysigenous aerenchyma formation in roots of Zea mays during hypoxia or nitrogen starvation[J].Plant Physiology,1994,105(3):861-865.