自适应光学系统对空间运动目标校正性能分析
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摘要
地基大口径望远镜自适应光学系统对空间目标的校正性能相对天文目标明显退化.为有针对性地优化观测参数,获取空间目标最佳校正效果,需要对自适应光学系统对空间运动目标校正性能进行合理地预测.以波前探测器测量的校正后波前残差为度量标准,通过对空间目标轨道分析,推导了空间目标最佳自适应观测仰角的存在和计算方法.以长春光机所自研的1.23m望远镜为例,分析了空间目标随轨道变化的大气相干长度对空间拟合像差、格林伍德频率对时域拟合像差、目标信号强度对波前测量误差的影响.结果表明:时域拟合像差相对空间拟合像差占主要成分;目标信号强度变化对波前测量误差的影响不大;目标、轨道、系统参数不同,对应的最佳自适应观测仰角亦不同.另外,通过改变湍流相位板通光尺寸、转速以及光源亮度分别模拟大气相干长度、格林伍德频率以及目标信号强度的变化,构造了可用于测试自适应光学系统对不同轨道状况空间目标的校正性能的实验系统.
The performance of adaptive optical system of a ground-based large telescope when observing spatial objectives degraded comparing with observing astronomical objectives.To adjust the parameters of adaptive optical system purposively,and get the best correction result,it was necessary to predict the performance of adaptive optical system for spatial objectives.Presence of the best observation elevation range for spatial objectives having different orbits was validated by analysis of orbits based on the residual wavefront errors after correction.The corresponding calculation method was also concluded.The effects of the variation of atmospheric coherence length on the spatial fitting errors,Greenwood frequency on the temporal fitting errors,signal intensity on the wavefront measurement errors were analyzed based on the1.23 mtelescope made by CIOMP.The result showed that the temporal fitting errors were primary compared to the spatial fitting errors,the wavefront measurement errors could be neglected when signal intensity of the spatial objectives varying,and the best observation elevations were different for different spatial objectives,orbits and telescope systems.An experiment system was constructed to test an adaptive optical system for different spatial objective by changing the aperture diameter of the turbulence phase plate,velocity and the light source intensity to simulate the variation of the atmospheric coherence length,Greenwood frequency and the signal intensity individually.
The performance of adaptive optical system of a ground-based large telescope when observing spatial objectives degraded comparing with observing astronomical objectives.To adjust the parameters of adaptive optical system purposively,and get the best correction result,it was necessary to predict the performance of adaptive optical system for spatial objectives.Presence of the best observation elevation range for spatial objectives having different orbits was validated by analysis of orbits based on the residual wavefront errors after correction.The corresponding calculation method was also concluded.The effects of the variation of atmospheric coherence length on the spatial fitting errors,Greenwood frequency on the temporal fitting errors,signal intensity on the wavefront measurement errors were analyzed based on the1.23 mtelescope made by CIOMP.The result showed that the temporal fitting errors were primary compared to the spatial fitting errors,the wavefront measurement errors could be neglected when signal intensity of the spatial objectives varying,and the best observation elevations were different for different spatial objectives,orbits and telescope systems.An experiment system was constructed to test an adaptive optical system for different spatial objective by changing the aperture diameter of the turbulence phase plate,velocity and the light source intensity to simulate the variation of the atmospheric coherence length,Greenwood frequency and the signal intensity individually.
引文
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[20]WEI Pei-feng,LIU Xin-yue,LIN Xu-dong,et al.Temporal simulation of atmospheric turbulence during adaptive optics system testing[J].Chinese Optics,2013,6(3):371-377.卫沛锋,刘欣悦,林旭东,等.自适应光学系统测试中大气湍流的时域模拟[J].中国光学,2013,6(3):371-377.
[2]GUO You-ming,MA Xiao-yu,RAO Chang-hui.Optimal closed-loop bandwidth of tip-tilt correction loop in adaptive optics system[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,63(6):069502-1-5.郭友明,马晓燠,饶长辉.自适应光学系统倾斜校正回路的最优闭环带宽[J].物理学报,2014,63(6):069502-1-5.
[3]LIU Chao,CHEN Shan-qiu,LIAO Zhou,et al.Correction of atmospheric turbulence by adaptive optics in waveband of freespace coherent laser communication[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2014,22(10):2605-2610.刘超,陈善球,廖周,等.自适应光学技术在通信波段对大气湍流的校正[J].光学精密工程,2014,22(10):2605-2610.
[4]LI Da-yu,HU Li-fa,MU Quan-quan,et al.A high-resolution liquid crystal adaptive optics system[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2008,37(3):506-508.李大禹,胡立发,穆全全,等.高准确度LCOS自适应光学成像系统的研究[J].光子学报,2008,37(3):506-508.
[5]LIN Xu-dong,LIU Xin-yue,WANG Jian-li,et al.Flatten calibration of deformable mirror based on the measurement of the inteferometer[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2012,41(5):511-515.林旭东,刘欣悦,王建立,等.基于干涉仪测量的变形镜面形展平标定研究[J].光子学报,2012,41(5):511-515.
[6]LIANG Chun,SHEN Jian-xin,TONG Gui,et al.A selfreference method for measuring Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor parameter[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2009,38(4):780-784.梁春,沈建新,童桂,等.Hartmann-Shack传感器机构参量的自基准标定[J].光子学报,2009,38(4):780-784.
[7]TYLER D,PROCHKO A.Adaptive optics design for the advanced electro-optical system(AEOS)[R].1994,1-56.
[8]YAN Ji-xiang,YU Xin,ZHAO Da-zun.Partial correction in temporal domain of adaptive optics[J].Optical Technique,1995,(3):2-8.阎吉祥,俞信,赵达尊.自适应光学的时域部分校正[J].光学技术,1995,(3):2-8.
[9]LI Xin-yang,JIANG Wen-han.Analysis of the residual servo variance for an adaptive optics system[J].Acta Optica Sinca,2000,20(10):1328-1334.李新阳,姜文汉.自适应光学系统的控制残余方差分析[J].光学学报,2000,20(10):1328-1334.
[10]RAO Chang-hui,JIANG Wen-han,LING Ning,et al.Temporal correction effectiveness of adaptive optical system for light wave atmospheric propagation[J].Acta Optica Sinca,2001,21(8):933-938.饶长辉,姜文汉,凌宁,等.自适应光学系统对实际大气湍流波前的时域校正效果[J].光学学报,2001,21(8):933-938.
[11]GUO You-ming,MA Xiao-yu,RAO Chang-hui.Modified effective bandwidths of adaptive optical control systems for compensation in Kolmogorov turbulence[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2014,62(13):134207.郭友明,马晓燠,饶长辉.自适应光学控制系统对Kolmogorov湍流补偿的修正有效带宽[J].物理学报,2013,62(13):134207.
[12]TYSON R.Principles of Adaptive Optics[M].New York:CRC Press,2011.
[13]HUANG Hong-hua,YAO Yong-bang,RAO Rui-zhong.Measurement of atmospheric coherent length by fouraperture differential image motion method[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beams,2007,19(3):357-360.黄宏华,姚永帮,饶瑞中四孔差分像运动测量大气相干长度的方法研究[J].强激光与粒子束,2007,19(3):357-360.
[14]BRENNAN T,MANN D.Estimation of optical turbulence characteristics from Shack Hartmann wavefront sensor measurements[C].SPIE,2010,7816:781602-1-16.
[15]LI Xin-yang,JIANG Wen-han,WANG Chun-hong,et al.Power spectra analysis of the disturbed wavefront in laser beam horizontal atmospheric progationΙΙ:wavefront phase and greenwood frequency[J].Acta Optica Sinca,2000,20(8):1035-1042.李新阳,姜文汉,王春红,等.激光实际大气水平传输湍流畸变波前的功率谱分析ΙΙ:波前相位与格林伍德频率[J].光学学报,2000,20(8):1035-1042.
[16]SMITH F.The infrared&electro-optical systems handbook[M].Bellingham:SPIE Optical Engineering Press,1998.
[17]CHEN Wei-zhen,ZHANG Chun-hua,ZHOU Xiao-dong.A study on luminosity features and signal noise ratio of space target[J].Infrared Technology,2007,29(12):716-719.陈维真,张春华,周晓东.空间目标的光度特性及其成像信噪比研究[J].红外技术,2007,29(12):716-719.
[18]RHOADARMER T,ANGEL J.Low-cost,broadband static phase plate for generating atmosphericlike turbulence[J].Applied Optics,2001,40(18):2946-2955.
[19]THOMAS S.A simple turbulence simulator for adaptive optics[C].SPIE,2004,5490:766-773.
[20]WEI Pei-feng,LIU Xin-yue,LIN Xu-dong,et al.Temporal simulation of atmospheric turbulence during adaptive optics system testing[J].Chinese Optics,2013,6(3):371-377.卫沛锋,刘欣悦,林旭东,等.自适应光学系统测试中大气湍流的时域模拟[J].中国光学,2013,6(3):371-377.