栽培模式对水稻主要害虫种群发生动态的影响
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摘要
旨在探明不同栽培模式对水稻主要害虫种群发生和为害的影响,为轻简化栽培模式的推广应用提供理论依据。从2013—2015年,采用田间定位试验,于水稻生长季调查3种栽培模式的主要害虫种群发生量。采用SPSS 21.0数据分析软件对调查数据进行统计分析,并比较各栽培模式间的差异显著性。3种栽培模式对稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟种群发生的影响差异不明显。比较3种栽培模式下的水稻螟虫(大螟为主,二化螟较少)发生和为害可知,机械直播田的螟虫前期株为害率较高,且后期仍维持较高的为害率,明显高于人工栽插和机械插秧田(P<0.05)。推广机械直播时,应考虑调整播期,尽可能地避开或减少螟虫为害。
To clarify the effects of different cultivation modes on the main pests population dynamics in rice,and to provide a theoretical basis for light & simplified cultivation modes, from 2013 to 2015, field positioningtests were adopted to investigate the occurrence number of the main pests population with three cultivationmodes in the rice growth season. SPSS 21.0 data analysis software was used to analyze the survey data, and the significant differences among the three cultivation modes were compared. The results showed that, the threecultivation modes had no significant influence on the occurrence of rice planthoppers(Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera) and rice leaf roller(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). By comparing the occurrence and damage ofrice stem borers(Sesamia inferens was dominating and Chilo suppressalis was rare), the damage rate of rice stemborers in the field of mechanical direct sowing was relatively high, and remained high at the later stage, whichwas obviously higher than that of artificial transplanting and machine transplanting(P<0.05). It suggested that when popularizing mechanical direct sowing, we should adjust the sowing time reasonably to avoid the damage of rice stem borers.
To clarify the effects of different cultivation modes on the main pests population dynamics in rice,and to provide a theoretical basis for light & simplified cultivation modes, from 2013 to 2015, field positioningtests were adopted to investigate the occurrence number of the main pests population with three cultivationmodes in the rice growth season. SPSS 21.0 data analysis software was used to analyze the survey data, and the significant differences among the three cultivation modes were compared. The results showed that, the threecultivation modes had no significant influence on the occurrence of rice planthoppers(Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera) and rice leaf roller(Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). By comparing the occurrence and damage ofrice stem borers(Sesamia inferens was dominating and Chilo suppressalis was rare), the damage rate of rice stemborers in the field of mechanical direct sowing was relatively high, and remained high at the later stage, whichwas obviously higher than that of artificial transplanting and machine transplanting(P<0.05). It suggested that when popularizing mechanical direct sowing, we should adjust the sowing time reasonably to avoid the damage of rice stem borers.
引文
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[2]张洪程,龚金龙.中国水稻种植机械化高产农艺研究现状及发展探讨[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(7):1273-1289.
[3]彭少兵.对转型时期水稻生产的战略思考[J].中国科学:生命科学,2014(8):845-850.
[4]宋建农.21世纪中国水稻种植机械化的发展方向[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(2):30-33.
[5]林济生,张琳,林海.水稻规模机械栽培模式探讨[J].福建稻麦科技,1995,13(3):18-21.
[6]朱建军,伊淑丽,罗金梅.湘北双季稻机械插秧配套栽培技术[J].作物研究,2016,30(7):824-828.
[7]朱德峰,严学强.国外水稻直播栽培发展概况[J].耕作与栽培,1997(1):102-103.
[8]王朝云,易永健,周晚来,等.秧盘垫铺麻育秧膜对水稻机插秧苗根系发育及产量的影响[J].中国农机化学报,2013,34(6):84-88.
[9]Cheng J P,Luo X W,Fan Q Z,et al.Influence of Different Planting Methods on Growth and Development Characteristics and Yield of Rice[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2010,29(1):1-5.
[10]黄礼庆,宋光锋,杨松,等.偏早熟水稻品种进行直播种植适应性及播期的研究[J].大麦与谷类科学,2008(3):12-14.
[11]隋常玲,左祥文,喻本雨,等.有机育秧基质对水稻机插秧苗素质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014,42(8):76-78,82.
[12]贾维强.不同机械直播穴距与播种量对早稻产量形成的影响[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(1):9-17.
[13]张舒,张巧玲,陈小山,等.不同栽培方式对水稻主要病虫害发生的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2009,28(4):426-430.
[14]秦玉金,刘学儒,杨进.不同栽培方式对水稻病虫发生的影响[J].上海农业科技,2012(6):123-125.
[15]白云华.机械直播方式在水稻栽培中的应用分析[J].南方农业,2017,11(24):1-2.
[16]赵伯康,孙华香,王强盛.机插水稻基质育秧技术初探[J].江苏农业科学,2012,40(2):48-49.
[17]程建平.湖北“早籼晚粳”双季稻机械插秧高产高效栽培技术[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(23):6067-6069.
[18]陈明.农业机械化在农业中的应用与发展[J].科技展望,2017,10:26,37.
[19]白学峰,鲁植雄,常江雪,等.中国农业机械化现状与发展模式研究[J].农机化研究,2017(10):256-262.
[20]杨敏丽,白人朴.中国农业机械化发展的阶段性研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(12):167-170.
[21]韩晓华,高德全,李振辉.农业机械化在农业中的应用与发展[J].农业与技术,2017,37(18):174.
[22]沈华芳.稻麦机械直播及秸秆还田技术的实践与思考[J].农业技术与装备,2016,6:12-15.
[23]甄俊华.水稻机械直播应注意的几个问题[J].农学学报,2007(7):33.