桂北土壤肥力质量对尾叶桉人工林连栽连作的响应
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摘要
以桂北尾叶按三代连栽连作人工林为研究对象,分析20项土壤理化性质差异,筛选出尾叶按林地土壤肥力质量评价最小数据集,并对土壤肥力进行质量评价。结果表明:第三代尾叶按人工林大部分土壤理化指标比第一、第二代林土壤显著降低,其中第三代林土壤持水量、毛管孔隙度、有机质、全磷、有效磷、速效钾、有效元素含量显著低于第一代林、第二代林。基于主成分分析及皮尔逊相关性分析筛选出毛管孔隙度、有机质、全磷、有效磷、速效钾、有效硼、有效钙和有效锌含量,建成反映桉树人工林土壤肥力质量的最小数据集。评价发现,三代连栽尾叶按人工林土壤肥力为第二代(0.785)>第一代(0.642)>第三代林(0.566),土壤肥力质量先增加后降低,尾叶按连栽两代之后土壤理化性质显著退化。因此,建议在第二代林采伐后要及时补充因连栽下降的元素,以达到桉树速生丰产的目的。
The soil of 3 generation of Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in northern Guangxi was studied.Based on the determination of 20 soil physical and chemical properties, the minimum data set of soil fertility quality evaluation of Eucalyptus forest land was selected by principal component analysis, and the quality evaluation of soil fertility was carried out. The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the 3 rd generation E.urophylla plantations are significantly lower than that of other generation forest. Soil water holding capacity, capillary porosity, organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium and effective elements in the 1 st and 2 nd generation are significantly higher than those of 3 rd generation E. urophylla plantations.The minimum data set of capillary porosity, organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, available boron, available calcium and effective zinc are selected as the minimum data sets for evaluating the soil fertility quality of E. urophylla plantation. The results show that the 2 nd generation(0.785) >1 st generation(0.642) > 3 rd generation(0.566). The soil quality increases first and then decreases. After 2 generations, the soil physical and chemical properties are significantly degraded. Therefore, after the 2 nd generation forest harvesting, it is necessary to replenish the element content decreased by continuous planting in order to achieve the fast-growing and high-yield production of E. urophylla.
The soil of 3 generation of Eucalyptus urophylla plantation in northern Guangxi was studied.Based on the determination of 20 soil physical and chemical properties, the minimum data set of soil fertility quality evaluation of Eucalyptus forest land was selected by principal component analysis, and the quality evaluation of soil fertility was carried out. The results show that the physical and chemical properties of the 3 rd generation E.urophylla plantations are significantly lower than that of other generation forest. Soil water holding capacity, capillary porosity, organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium and effective elements in the 1 st and 2 nd generation are significantly higher than those of 3 rd generation E. urophylla plantations.The minimum data set of capillary porosity, organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, available boron, available calcium and effective zinc are selected as the minimum data sets for evaluating the soil fertility quality of E. urophylla plantation. The results show that the 2 nd generation(0.785) >1 st generation(0.642) > 3 rd generation(0.566). The soil quality increases first and then decreases. After 2 generations, the soil physical and chemical properties are significantly degraded. Therefore, after the 2 nd generation forest harvesting, it is necessary to replenish the element content decreased by continuous planting in order to achieve the fast-growing and high-yield production of E. urophylla.
引文
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[25]杨尚东,吴俊,谭宏伟,等.红壤区桉树人工林炼山后土壤肥力变化及其生态评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7788-7797.
[26]梁涛.基于土壤基础地力的施肥推荐研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[27]许宇星,王志超,竹万宽,等.不同品种桉树林生活叶-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2018,3(3):94-100.
[28]钟继洪,骆伯胜.短轮伐林地土壤肥力的数值化综合评价[J].土壤与作物,2003,19(1):75-77.
[29]韩捷.土壤质量指标和评价方法[J].北京农业,2016(4):162-163.
[30]朱婧,袁海,程科,等.土壤质量评价方法的概述[J].科技创新与应用,2018(11):124-125.
[31]李孔生,周保彪,陈马兴,等.雷州半岛桉树林地土壤肥力综合评价[J].桉树科技,2014,31(4):27-31.
[32]臧国长,马祥庆,吴鹏飞,等.闽南不同桉树种植区土壤肥力比较[J].西南林业大学学报,2013,33(2):6-9,14.
[33]杨晓慧,廖焕琴,刘德浩,等.不同有机肥对尾叶桉生长的影响[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(1):21-25.
[2]林卡,李德成,张甘霖.土壤质量评价中文文献分析[J].土壤通报,2017,48(3):736-744.
[3]潘会彪,邓明辉,黄庆一,等.基于空间分析的桉树人工林土壤肥力评价[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(3):72-77.
[4]黄国勤,赵其国.广西桉树种植的历史、现状、生态问题及应对策略[J].生态学报,2014,34(18):5142-5152.
[5]谢耀坚.真实的桉树[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[6]覃祚玉,蒋雪刚,唐健,等.广西黄冕林场桉树萌芽林土壤肥力变化分析[J].南方农业学报,2014,45(3):429-433.
[7]邓富春,覃其云,颜权,等.桉树人工林土壤肥力变化及其综合评价[J].广西林业科学,2013,42(2):148-152.
[8]庞海恩.广西钦廉林场巨尾桉和红椎人工林对林下植物物种多样性影响的比较研究[D].南宁:广西大学,2018.
[9]赵从举,吴喆滢,康慕谊,等.海南西部桉树人工林土壤水分变化特征及其对林龄的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(6):1734-1742.
[10]Abdelmigid H M,Morsi M M.Cytotoxic and molecular impacts of allelopathic effects of leaf residues of Eucalyptus globulus on soybean(Glycine max)[J].Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology,2017,15(2):297-302.
[11]王纪杰,王炳南,李宝福,等.不同林龄巨尾桉人工林土壤养分变化[J].森林与环境学报,2016,36(1):8-14.
[12]Araújo A S F,Silva E F L,Nunes L A P L,et al.The effect of converting tropical native savanna to Eucalyptus grandis forest on soil microbial biomass[J].Land Degradation&Development,2010,21(6):540-545.
[13]Gee G W,Bauder J W.Particle-size analysis.In:Klute,A.(Ed.),Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1.Physical and Mineralogical Methods[M].Madison:American Society of Agronomy,1986:383-411.
[14]Rayment G,Higginson F R.Australion Laboratory Handbook of Soil and Water Chemical Methods[M].Melbourne:In Kata Press,1992.
[15]Nelson D,Sommers L E.Total Carbon,Organic Carbon,and Organic Matter.Methods of Soil Analysis,1982.Part 2 Chemical and Microbiological Properties[M].Madison:Soil Science Society of America,2002:539-579.
[16]Tsiknia M,Tzanakakis V A,Oikonomidis D,et al.Effects of olive mill wastewater on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling[J].Appl Microbiol Biotechnol,2014,98(6):2739-2749.
[17]Ojekanmi A A,Chang S X.Soil quality assessment for peat-mineral mix cover soil used in oil sands reclamation[J].J Environ Qual,2014,43(5):1566-1575.
[18]Yanu P,Jakmunee J.Flow injection with in-line reduction column and conductometric detection for determination of total inorganic nitrogen in soil[J].Talanta,2015,144:263-267.
[19]Bond C R,Maguire R O,Havlin J L.Change in soluble phosphorus in soils following fertilization is dependent on initial Mehlich-3 phosphorus[J].J Environ Qual,2006,35(5):1818-1824.
[20]Daniels M B,Delaune P,Moore P A Jr,et al.Soil phosphorus variability in pastures:implications for sampling and environmental management strategies[J].J Environ Qual,2001,30(6):2157-2165.
[21]张润楚.多元统计分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[22]Masto R E,Chhonkar P K,Singh D,et al.Alternative soil quality indices for evaluating the effect of intensive cropping,fertilisation and manuring for 31 years in the semi-arid soils of India[J].Environ Monit Assess,2008,136(1/3):419-435.
[23]黄影霞,张凤梅,黄承标.马尾松改植桉树后对土壤物理性质的影响[J].现代农业科技,2013(17):236-237,240.
[24]Temesgen D,Gonzálo J,Turrión M B.Effects of shortrotation Eucalyptusplantations on soil quality attributes in highly acidic soils of the central highlands of Ethiopia[J].Soil Use and Management,2016,32(2):210-219.
[25]杨尚东,吴俊,谭宏伟,等.红壤区桉树人工林炼山后土壤肥力变化及其生态评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(24):7788-7797.
[26]梁涛.基于土壤基础地力的施肥推荐研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2017.
[27]许宇星,王志超,竹万宽,等.不同品种桉树林生活叶-凋落物-土壤碳氮磷化学计量特征[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2018,3(3):94-100.
[28]钟继洪,骆伯胜.短轮伐林地土壤肥力的数值化综合评价[J].土壤与作物,2003,19(1):75-77.
[29]韩捷.土壤质量指标和评价方法[J].北京农业,2016(4):162-163.
[30]朱婧,袁海,程科,等.土壤质量评价方法的概述[J].科技创新与应用,2018(11):124-125.
[31]李孔生,周保彪,陈马兴,等.雷州半岛桉树林地土壤肥力综合评价[J].桉树科技,2014,31(4):27-31.
[32]臧国长,马祥庆,吴鹏飞,等.闽南不同桉树种植区土壤肥力比较[J].西南林业大学学报,2013,33(2):6-9,14.
[33]杨晓慧,廖焕琴,刘德浩,等.不同有机肥对尾叶桉生长的影响[J].林业与环境科学,2018,34(1):21-25.