论石英脉型钨矿成矿系统的相对封闭性——以湖南瑶岗仙脉型钨矿床为例
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摘要
石英脉型与矽卡岩型钨矿床是最重要的两类钨矿床类型,两者成矿作用过程与成矿机制各不相同。矽卡岩型钨矿成矿作用经历了较大规模隐爆过程,沟通了岩浆系统与地下水系统,体系中有大量大气降水参与,成矿物质主要来自岩浆岩,岩浆热液体系与地下水体系的混合是大规模成矿的重要机制之一。石英脉型钨矿则不然,虽然发育大规模的控矿断裂体系,但成矿分带不明显,甚至发生逆向分带,大部分钨矿顶部以线脉带尖灭于砂岩中,矿床外围也不出现独立的铅锌矿体;一般划分不出明显的多成矿阶段,也不发育隐爆角砾岩;成矿流体温度、盐度变化范围小,无明显的沸腾流体包裹体组合,成矿流体的混合或降温演化过程皆不明显;成矿物质及流体都来自岩浆岩,成矿过程中无显著的外来成矿物质和/或大气降水的参与。与矽卡岩矿床相比,石英脉型钨矿成矿系统总体表现为相对的"封闭"性。石英脉两侧的云英岩化蚀变规模较小,石英的δ18 O及流体包裹体δD变化很小,成矿体系的水/岩比例较低。形成黑钨矿石英脉的成矿流体可能并非简单的岩浆期后热液,而是一类含水相对低富含硅质和成矿物质的高温流体,该流体通过快速充填而形成石英脉型钨矿。
The quartz vein type and skarn type are two important kinds of tungsten deposits,but different from each other in the ore forming process and mechanism.Mineralizaiton of the skarn-type deposits experiences the large-scale cryptoexplosion,which connects magmatic system with underground system.Such mixing constitutes one of the key mechanisms responsible for large scale mineralization.Meanwhile,a large amount of meteoric water also involves the mineralized system.Ore-forming metals are mainly derived from magmatic rocks.Different from skarn type deposit,quartz vein-type deposits have no distinct zonation and some have reversed zonation,although there is a large scale fracturing system controlling veins.Most vein type deposits pinch out into top sandstone,with no independent Pb-Zn deposits around the skarn,no minerealization stages classified,and no breccias developed. The homogenization temperature and salinity of the fluid inclusion are 200~400℃ and 2%~8%NaCl eq,respectively.The deposits of this kind show no distinct fluid inclusion association,no obvious mixing of magmatic and meteoric water,and no obvious decrease of the temperature and salinity in the evolution of the hydrothermal system.The ore-forming metals and water come from magmatic rocks,without obvious meteoric water involved.Compared with " opening" of the skarn-type deposits,tungsten-bearing quartzvein forms in a relative closed system.The greisenization of wall rocks around quartz veins is weak,and there is no obviously change ofδ18 O andδD values of the fluid inclusion.This suggests that the water/rock ratio of the ore forming system is very low.This study shows the ore-forming fluids for quartz vein-type deposit are not simple post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids but high-T fluid with low siliceous material and rich metals,whose passing through and filling the fractures is responsible for the formation of quartz veintype tungsten deposits.
The quartz vein type and skarn type are two important kinds of tungsten deposits,but different from each other in the ore forming process and mechanism.Mineralizaiton of the skarn-type deposits experiences the large-scale cryptoexplosion,which connects magmatic system with underground system.Such mixing constitutes one of the key mechanisms responsible for large scale mineralization.Meanwhile,a large amount of meteoric water also involves the mineralized system.Ore-forming metals are mainly derived from magmatic rocks.Different from skarn type deposit,quartz vein-type deposits have no distinct zonation and some have reversed zonation,although there is a large scale fracturing system controlling veins.Most vein type deposits pinch out into top sandstone,with no independent Pb-Zn deposits around the skarn,no minerealization stages classified,and no breccias developed. The homogenization temperature and salinity of the fluid inclusion are 200~400℃ and 2%~8%NaCl eq,respectively.The deposits of this kind show no distinct fluid inclusion association,no obvious mixing of magmatic and meteoric water,and no obvious decrease of the temperature and salinity in the evolution of the hydrothermal system.The ore-forming metals and water come from magmatic rocks,without obvious meteoric water involved.Compared with " opening" of the skarn-type deposits,tungsten-bearing quartzvein forms in a relative closed system.The greisenization of wall rocks around quartz veins is weak,and there is no obviously change ofδ18 O andδD values of the fluid inclusion.This suggests that the water/rock ratio of the ore forming system is very low.This study shows the ore-forming fluids for quartz vein-type deposit are not simple post-magmatic hydrothermal fluids but high-T fluid with low siliceous material and rich metals,whose passing through and filling the fractures is responsible for the formation of quartz veintype tungsten deposits.
引文
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