数字化学习工具标准研究与框架设计
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摘要
随着数字化学习工具在e-Learning中的应用程度不断加深,其规范标准的研究也被提上日程。针对学习工具分类不统一、元数据规范不一致、内部数据处理的封闭性、输入输出接口规范不一致等问题,文章以工具为核心,从元数据标准、分类标准、过程性数据标准、数据接口标准和评价标准五个方面构建用户、开发者导向的数字化学习工具标准体系并作框架设计,以推进数字化学习工具的有序发展与融合,更好地辅助教与学。
With further application of digital learning tools in e-Learning, the study of its norms and standards has been put on the agenda. For the problems of inconsistent classification of learning tools,inconsistent metadata specifications, closure of internal data processing, and inconsistent input and output interface specifications etc., this paper takes tools as the core, first constructs a standard system of useroriented and developer-oriented digital learning tool from five aspects of metadata standards, classification standards, procedural data standards, data interface standards and evaluation standards, and then designs a framework to promote the orderly development and integration of digital learning tools for better facilitating teaching and learning.
With further application of digital learning tools in e-Learning, the study of its norms and standards has been put on the agenda. For the problems of inconsistent classification of learning tools,inconsistent metadata specifications, closure of internal data processing, and inconsistent input and output interface specifications etc., this paper takes tools as the core, first constructs a standard system of useroriented and developer-oriented digital learning tool from five aspects of metadata standards, classification standards, procedural data standards, data interface standards and evaluation standards, and then designs a framework to promote the orderly development and integration of digital learning tools for better facilitating teaching and learning.
引文
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[15]钟志贤.信息技术作为学习工具的应用框架研究[J].电化教育研究,2008(5):5-10.
[16]郁晓华,雷云鹤,祝智庭,等.变革理念下虚拟学具标准研制现状梳理与体系框架[J].现代远程教育研究,2013(2):68-75.
[17]HART J.Directory of learning&performance tools[DB/OL].[2018-07-08].http://c4lpt.co.uk/directory-of-learning-performance-tools/.
[18]李青,孔冲.下一代SCORM标准的新动向---ADL TLA和Experience API解读[J].电化教育研究,2013,34(8):61-67,72.
[19]MCKINNEY W.利用Python进行数据分析[M].唐学韬,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2016:271-275.
[20]杨晗玥,沈备军,赵建军.面向方面软件动态耦合的度量[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(12):151-155.
[21]郁晓华,雷云鹤,祝智庭,等.变革理念下虚拟学具标准研制现状梳理与体系框架[J].现代远程教育研究,2013(2):68-75.
[2]BALDONADO M,CHANG C C K,GRAVANO L,et al.The stanford digital library metadata architecture[J].International journal on digital libraries,1997,1(2):108-121.
[3]PAAS F,TUOVINEN J E,TABBERS H,et al.Cognitive load measurement as a means to advance cognitive load theory[J].Educational psychologist,2003,38(1):63-71.
[4]Advanced Distributed Learning.x API Conformance research&future requirements[EB/OL].[2017-07-25].http://www.adlnet.gov/news/xapi-future-requirements.
[5]Advanced Distributed Learning.The xAPI overview[EB/OL].[2018-02-04].http://www.adlnet.gov/research/performance-trackinganalysis/experience-api/.
[6]顾小清,郑隆威,简菁.获取教育大数据:基于x API规范对学习经历数据的获取与共享[J].现代远程教育研究,2014(5):13-23.
[7]王志军,陈丽.联通主义学习理论及其最新进展[J].开放教育研究,2014(5):11-28.
[8]SIEMENS G.Connectivism:a learning theory for the digital age[J].International journal of instructional technology&distance learning,2004,2(s101):3-10.
[9]孙一萍,魏雪.虚拟学具的研发[J].中小学信息技术教育,2012(6):22-24.
[10]钱冬明,管珏琪,郭玮.电子书包终端技术规范设计研究[J].华东师范大学学报(自然科学版),2012(2):91-98.
[11]张春景.信息系统元数据规范应用研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2004.
[12]赵军.数据资源描述与组织的元数据方法[D].天津:天津大学,2005.
[13]HART J.Top tools for learning 2018[DB/OL].[2018-07-08].https://www.toptools4learning.com/home/.
[14]ANDERSON L W,KRATHWOHL D R,AIRASIAN P W,et al.A taxonomy for learning,teaching,and assessing:a revision of bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives[M].Abridged Edition.New York:Pearson,2001:1013-1014.
[15]钟志贤.信息技术作为学习工具的应用框架研究[J].电化教育研究,2008(5):5-10.
[16]郁晓华,雷云鹤,祝智庭,等.变革理念下虚拟学具标准研制现状梳理与体系框架[J].现代远程教育研究,2013(2):68-75.
[17]HART J.Directory of learning&performance tools[DB/OL].[2018-07-08].http://c4lpt.co.uk/directory-of-learning-performance-tools/.
[18]李青,孔冲.下一代SCORM标准的新动向---ADL TLA和Experience API解读[J].电化教育研究,2013,34(8):61-67,72.
[19]MCKINNEY W.利用Python进行数据分析[M].唐学韬,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2016:271-275.
[20]杨晗玥,沈备军,赵建军.面向方面软件动态耦合的度量[J].计算机应用与软件,2008,25(12):151-155.
[21]郁晓华,雷云鹤,祝智庭,等.变革理念下虚拟学具标准研制现状梳理与体系框架[J].现代远程教育研究,2013(2):68-75.