采暖季西安市大学教室空气品质现状分析
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摘要
以西安市某大学为研究对象,在供暖季选取大中小三类典型教室,基于现场测量和问卷调查法,综合主观评价和客观评价对西安市大学教室内空气品质现状进行分析。研究结果表明上课状态下,各类教室普遍温度偏高,大中教室存在过量供暖现象;各类教室相对湿度普遍偏低;上课状态时各类教室室内二氧化碳浓度远超出国家标准的建议值;主观调查表明只有不到40%的同学对上课状态下教室内空气品质现状表示满意;人员密度高、开窗通风频率少是上课状态下室内二氧化碳浓度过高的主要原因,通过开启门窗通风的方式可显著降低室内二氧化碳浓度,且不会降低室内人员的舒适性。自习状态室内空气质量优于上课状态,各项指标均满足国家标准。
Taking a university in Xi'an as the research object, selecting three categories of typical classrooms including large, medium and small classrooms in heating season, based on the methods of field measurement and questionnaire survey, the current situation of air quality in university classrooms of Xi'an city was analyzed by using the subjective and objective evaluations. The results show that under the condition of class state, the temperature of all kinds of classrooms is high, and there is excessive heating in large and middle classrooms; the relative humidity of all kinds of classrooms is generally low; the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide in various classrooms far exceeds the recommended value of the national standard; the subjective survey shows that less than 40% of students are satisfied with the current indoor air quality of classrooms; high personnel density and low window ventilation frequency are the main causes of high carbon dioxide concentration in the classrooms; natural ventilation by opening doors and windows can significantly reduce the indoor carbon dioxide concentration, and will not reduce the comfort requirements of students in classrooms. The indoor air quality under self-study state is better than that under class state and the indoor air quality of all kinds of classrooms all meets the national standard.
Taking a university in Xi'an as the research object, selecting three categories of typical classrooms including large, medium and small classrooms in heating season, based on the methods of field measurement and questionnaire survey, the current situation of air quality in university classrooms of Xi'an city was analyzed by using the subjective and objective evaluations. The results show that under the condition of class state, the temperature of all kinds of classrooms is high, and there is excessive heating in large and middle classrooms; the relative humidity of all kinds of classrooms is generally low; the concentration of indoor carbon dioxide in various classrooms far exceeds the recommended value of the national standard; the subjective survey shows that less than 40% of students are satisfied with the current indoor air quality of classrooms; high personnel density and low window ventilation frequency are the main causes of high carbon dioxide concentration in the classrooms; natural ventilation by opening doors and windows can significantly reduce the indoor carbon dioxide concentration, and will not reduce the comfort requirements of students in classrooms. The indoor air quality under self-study state is better than that under class state and the indoor air quality of all kinds of classrooms all meets the national standard.
引文
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[12]程瑞端,易新,黎洪,等.学校室内空气质量研究[J].制冷与空调,2005,5(2):92-97.
[13]高衍新,隋少峰,孔凡玲,等.青岛市某学校室内空气品质卫生学评价[J].中国卫生工程学,2012,11(4):274-276.
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[15]贾小宁,张庆芳,陈华春,等.采暖期和非采暖期某高校教室空气质量监测[J].环境与健康,2010,27(9):834-834.
[16]朱卫兵,张小杉,陈威威.北方地区教室内空气质量测量与分析[J].暖通空调,2007,37(5):112-114.
[17]GB/T 18883-2002,室内空气质量标准[S].
[2]Haverinen-Shaughnessy U,Moschandreas D J,Shaughnessy RJ.Association between substandard classroom ventilation rates and students'academic achievement[J].Indoor Air,2011(21):121-131.
[3]Brennan T,Clarkin M,Turner W,et al.School buildings with air exchange rates that do not meet minimum professional guidelines or codes and implications for radon control[C]//Proceedings of ASHRAE IAQ 91Healthy Buildings,Atlanta:ASHRAE,1991:228-229.
[4]Lee S C,Chang M.Indoor air quality investigations at five classrooms[J].Indoor Air,1999,9(2):134-138.
[5]Behzadi N,Fadeyi M O.A preliminary study of indoor air quality conditions in Dubai public elementary schools[J].Architectural Engineering and Design Management,2012,8(3):192-213.
[6]Gallup J M,Zanolli J,Olson L.Airborne bacterial exposure preliminary results of volumetric studies performed in office buildings,schools and homes in California[J].Indoor Air,1993,1(4):167-170.
[7]Fromme H,Twardella D,Dietrich S,et al.Particulate matter in the indoor air of classrooms-exploratory results from Munich and surrounding area[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(4):854-866.
[8]Turk B H,Powell G,Fisher E,et al.Improving general indoor air quality while controlling specific pollutants in schools[J].Indoor Air,1993,1(6):705-710.
[9]Smedje G,Norback D,Edling C.Subjective indoor air quality in schools in relation to exposure[J].Indoor Air,1997(7):143-150.
[10]Müller A,Lehmann I,Seiffart A,et al.Increased incidence of allergic sensitisation and respiratory diseases due to mould exposure:Results of the Leipzig A1lergy Risk children Study(LARS)[J].International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,2002(204):363-365.
[11]陈威威.北方地区高校教室内空气品质研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2007.
[12]程瑞端,易新,黎洪,等.学校室内空气质量研究[J].制冷与空调,2005,5(2):92-97.
[13]高衍新,隋少峰,孔凡玲,等.青岛市某学校室内空气品质卫生学评价[J].中国卫生工程学,2012,11(4):274-276.
[14]张德新,王福元,程璐萍.武汉市学校教室内甲醛监测与评价[J].中国学校卫生,1996,17(5):385-386.
[15]贾小宁,张庆芳,陈华春,等.采暖期和非采暖期某高校教室空气质量监测[J].环境与健康,2010,27(9):834-834.
[16]朱卫兵,张小杉,陈威威.北方地区教室内空气质量测量与分析[J].暖通空调,2007,37(5):112-114.
[17]GB/T 18883-2002,室内空气质量标准[S].