秋季福清湾及其附近海域浮游桡足类调查
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摘要
为了解福清湾及其附近海域水环境和浮游生物状况,促进当地海洋渔业资源的开发利用,文章布设24个站位,采用2种网型,于2016年秋季对该海域浮游桡足类的种类组成、生态类群、优势种、主要优势种和丰度分布以及生物多样性进行调查分析;在此基础上,总结桡足类群落特征,并与历史资料进行对比。研究结果表明:福清湾及其附近海域桡足类种类丰富,共获取51种,哲水蚤目的种数和丰度占绝对优势;受浙闽沿岸流、台湾暖流和龙江不同程度的影响,以近岸暖水生态类群为主,近岸暖温和外海广布生态类群较多,河口生态类群最少;2种网型的共有优势种为亚强次真哲水蚤(Subeucalanus subcrassus)、太平洋纺锤水蚤(Acartia pacifica)和针刺拟哲水蚤(Paracalanus aculeatus),共有种且为优势种的有9种;主要优势种和丰度在各站位的分布有所差异;多样性指数处于中上水平,生态系统较健康和稳定,种类有小型化趋势;与以往调查相比,桡足类种数有所增加,真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)丰度有所下降且非优势种,外海广布生态类群的增加表明该海域受台湾暖流高温高盐水的影响较明显。
In order to understand the situation of the water environment and plankton and promote the development and utilization of local marine fishery resources,24 stations were laid out and two types of nets were adopted in and near Fuqing Bay.Investigation and analysis were made on the species composition,ecological groups,dominant species,the distribution of major dominant species and density,and biodiversity of copepods in the sea area in autumn of 2016.On this basis,the community characteristics were summarized and compared with historical data.The results showed that the species of copepods were rich in and near Fuqing Bay and a total of 51 species were obtained.The number and abundance of the species of calanoida were the absolute advantages.Affected by the coastal currents of Zhejiang and Fujian,the Taiwan warm current and the Longjiang River,coastal warm water group were the main ones.Coastal warm temperature group and widely distributed off the coastal group were the second.Estuary group were the least.Thecommon dominant species of the two types of nets were Subeucalanussubcrassus,Acartia pacifica and Paracalanus aculeatus.There were 9 species in common of dominant species.The distribution of main dominant species and density in each station was different.The diversity index was at the upper middle level.The ecosystem was relatively healthy and stable.There was a tendency to miniaturize the species.Compared with previous surveys,the number of species of copepods had increased.The density of Labidocera euchaeta had decreased and non-dominant species.The increase of widely distributed off the coastal group indicates that the sea area was affected by the high temperature and high salt water in the warm current of Taiwan.
In order to understand the situation of the water environment and plankton and promote the development and utilization of local marine fishery resources,24 stations were laid out and two types of nets were adopted in and near Fuqing Bay.Investigation and analysis were made on the species composition,ecological groups,dominant species,the distribution of major dominant species and density,and biodiversity of copepods in the sea area in autumn of 2016.On this basis,the community characteristics were summarized and compared with historical data.The results showed that the species of copepods were rich in and near Fuqing Bay and a total of 51 species were obtained.The number and abundance of the species of calanoida were the absolute advantages.Affected by the coastal currents of Zhejiang and Fujian,the Taiwan warm current and the Longjiang River,coastal warm water group were the main ones.Coastal warm temperature group and widely distributed off the coastal group were the second.Estuary group were the least.Thecommon dominant species of the two types of nets were Subeucalanussubcrassus,Acartia pacifica and Paracalanus aculeatus.There were 9 species in common of dominant species.The distribution of main dominant species and density in each station was different.The diversity index was at the upper middle level.The ecosystem was relatively healthy and stable.There was a tendency to miniaturize the species.Compared with previous surveys,the number of species of copepods had increased.The density of Labidocera euchaeta had decreased and non-dominant species.The increase of widely distributed off the coastal group indicates that the sea area was affected by the high temperature and high salt water in the warm current of Taiwan.
引文
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[10]杜秀宁,王云龙,陈涛,等.象山港浮游动物桡足类群落季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(10):2756-2763.
[11]张才学,龚玉艳,王学锋,等.湛江港湾浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化和影响因素[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):101-111.
[12]中国海湾志编委会.中国海湾志[M].北京:海洋出版社,1994.
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[14]国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家标准化管理委员会.海洋监测规范:GB 17378.7-2007[S].北京:标准出版社,2007.
[15]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1963.
[16]孙翠慈,王友绍,孙松,等.大亚湾浮游植物群落特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):3948-3958.
[2]ROFF J C,TURNER J T,WEBBER M K.Bacterivory by tropical copepod nauplii:extent and possible significance[J].Aquat Microb Ecol,1995,9:165-175.
[3]BOLLENS S M,FROST B W.Ovierity,selective predation,and variable diel vertical migration in Euchaeta elongate(Copepoda:calanoida)[J].Oecologia,1991,87:155-161.
[4]徐兆礼.东海普通波水蚤种群特征与环境关系研究[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(1):107-112.
[5]AKITHIRO S,HIROKI A.High-west and low-east distribution of chlorophylla,primary productivity and diatoms in the subarctic North Pacific surface waters,midwinter 1996[J].J Ocanogr,1999,55:493-503.
[6]廖秀丽,李纯厚,杜飞雁,等.大亚湾桡足类的生态学研究[J].南方水产,2006(4):46-53.
[7]徐潇峰,朱丽岩,徐风风,等.乳山湾及邻近海域桡足类种类组成和时空分布的初步研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(4):54-63.
[8]罗冬莲,黄美珍.福建深沪湾浮游桡足类的分布[J].台湾海峡,2002,22(4):463-468.
[9]朱长寿.闽江口浮游桡足类生态研究[J].台湾海峡,1997,17(1):75-79.
[10]杜秀宁,王云龙,陈涛,等.象山港浮游动物桡足类群落季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(10):2756-2763.
[11]张才学,龚玉艳,王学锋,等.湛江港湾浮游桡足类群落结构的季节变化和影响因素[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):101-111.
[12]中国海湾志编委会.中国海湾志[M].北京:海洋出版社,1994.
[13]林君卓.福清湾及附近海域浮游动物的数量和分布[J].台湾海峡,2008,28(1):58-63.
[14]国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家标准化管理委员会.海洋监测规范:GB 17378.7-2007[S].北京:标准出版社,2007.
[15]SHANNON C E,WEAVER W.The mathematical theory of communication[M].Urbana:University of Illinois Press,1963.
[16]孙翠慈,王友绍,孙松,等.大亚湾浮游植物群落特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(12):3948-3958.