筒型桩靴在饱和砂土中的贯入阻力研究
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摘要
桩靴贯入阻力的准确预测是自升式钻井平台安全作业的前提。通过小比尺模型试验,研究饱和砂土中桩靴贯入速度对筒型桩靴插桩性能的影响,并基于地基承载力理论提出筒型桩靴贯入阻力的计算方法,进而采用CEL有限元方法模拟筒型桩靴的贯入过程,并与试验结果进行比较。研究发现:当模型试验中桩靴贯入速度在0.1～0.3mm/s时,桩靴的贯入可看作是准静态过程,此时贯入阻力变化不大,采用基于地基承载力理论中的Hansen公式和Vesic公式可较为准确地计算出对应某一深度的贯入阻力;CEL有限元方法可有效模拟筒型桩靴的贯入过程,当桩靴的贯入速度为0.1～0.3mm/s时,数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。
The accurate prediction of spudcan penetration resistance plays an important role in the safety of work on Jack-up drilling platforms.In this work,by carrying out small-scale model tests,the influence of penetration speed on the pile-penetration performance of bucket spudcans in saturated sand was studied,and a computational formula for calculating the bucket spudcan penetration resistance was developed based on the bearing capacity of the ground.Subsequently,the penetration process of the bucket spudcan was simulated by the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)finite element method,and the results were compared with test results.The investigation results showed that,when the penetration speed of the spudcan is 0.1～0.3mm/s in the model test,the penetration process of the bucket spudcan can be regarded as a quasi-static process,and the penetration resistance varies little.The penetration resistance of the bucket spudcan at a certain depth can be calculated accurately by using the Hansen and Vesic formulas.The CEL finite element method can simulate the bucket spudcan penetration process exactly,and the simulation results were in good agreement with the test results when the penetration speed of the spudcan was 0.1～0.3mm/s.
The accurate prediction of spudcan penetration resistance plays an important role in the safety of work on Jack-up drilling platforms.In this work,by carrying out small-scale model tests,the influence of penetration speed on the pile-penetration performance of bucket spudcans in saturated sand was studied,and a computational formula for calculating the bucket spudcan penetration resistance was developed based on the bearing capacity of the ground.Subsequently,the penetration process of the bucket spudcan was simulated by the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)finite element method,and the results were compared with test results.The investigation results showed that,when the penetration speed of the spudcan is 0.1～0.3mm/s in the model test,the penetration process of the bucket spudcan can be regarded as a quasi-static process,and the penetration resistance varies little.The penetration resistance of the bucket spudcan at a certain depth can be calculated accurately by using the Hansen and Vesic formulas.The CEL finite element method can simulate the bucket spudcan penetration process exactly,and the simulation results were in good agreement with the test results when the penetration speed of the spudcan was 0.1～0.3mm/s.
引文
[1]张浦阳.海上自升式钻井平台插/拔桩机理及新型桩靴静/动承载力研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.ZHANG Puyang.Study on Mechanism for Spudcan During Preloading and Extracting of Offshore Jack-up Drilling Platform and Bearing Capacity of Improved Spudcan in Static and Cycling Loads[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2008.
[2]CRAIG W H,CHUA K.Deep Penetration of Spudcan Foundations on Sand and Clay[J].Geotechnique,1990,40(4):541-556.
[3]THO K K,LEUNG C F,CHOW Y K,et al.Eulerian Finiteelement Technique for Analysis of Jack-up Spudcan Penetration[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2012,12(1):64-73.
[4]CASSIDY M J,BYRNE B W,RANDOLPH M F.A Comparison of the Combined Load Behaviour of Spudcan and Caisson Foundations on Soft Normally Consolidated Clay[J].Geotechnique,2004,54(2):91-106.
[5]张浦阳,丁红岩.海上自升式钻井平台新型筒型桩靴承载力[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):237-242.ZHANG Puyang,DING Hongyan.Bearing Capacity of the Bucket Spudcan Foundation for Offshore Jack-up Drilling Platforms[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):237-242.
[6]HOSSAIN M S,HU Y,EKAPUTRA D.Skirted Foundation to Mitigate Spudcan Punch-through on Sand-over-clay[J].Géotechnique,2014,64(4):333-340.
[7]王玉锁,陈炜韬,王明年.砂土质隧道围岩黏聚力影响因素的试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(6):48-51.WANG Yusuo,CHEN Weitao,WANG Mingnian.Test Research for Influencing Factors of the Cohesive Strength of Sand Soil Tunnel Surrounding Rock[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006,33(6):48-51.
[8]付丽娜.自升式钻井船桩靴承载能力研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.FU Lina.Research on Bearing Capacity of Spud Foundation for Jack-up Self-elevating Drilling Platform[D].Tianjin:Tianjin U-niversity,2008.
[9]段忠毅,王家祥.带桩靴自升式桩基钻井平台插桩深度的计算方法[J].中国海上油气:工程,1998,10(4):20-24.DUAN Zhongyi,WANG Jiaxiang.Analysis of Calculating Method of the Plug-in Depth of Pile-based Drilling Platform[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Engineering).1998,10(4):20-24.
[10]SNAME.Guidelines for Site Specific Assessment of Mobile Jack-up Units[S].New Jersey:Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers,2002.
[11]陈仲颐,周景星,王洪瑾.土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.CHEN Zhongyi,ZHOU Jingxing,WANG Hongjin.Soil Mechanics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1994.
[12]刘梅梅,练继建,杨敏,等.宽浅式筒型基础竖向承载力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(2):379-384.LIU Meimei,LIAN Jijian,YANG Min,et al.Vertical Bearing Capacity of Wide-shallow Bucket Foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(2):379-384.
[13]郑静,范庆来,王忠涛.纺锤形桩靴基础贯入过程Eulerian-Lagrangian耦合有限元法的模拟[J].工业建筑,2013,43(12):104-108.ZHENG Jing,FAN Qinglai,WANG Zhongtao.Penetration Process Simulation of Spudcan Foundation by CEL[J].Industrial Construction,2013,43(12):104-108.
[14]闫澍旺,霍知亮,孙立强,等.海上风电机组筒型基础工作及承载特性研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(7):2036-2042.YAN Shuwang,HUO Zhiliang,SUN Liqiang,et al.Study of Working Mechanism and Bearing Capacity Behavior of Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wing Turbine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(7):2036-2042.
[15]王楠,吴建政,徐永臣,等.单一地层平台插桩地基土破坏模式及插桩深度有限元分析[J].海岸工程,2012,31(4):20-28.WANG Nan,WU Jianzheng,XU Yongchen,et al.Failure Mode of Foundation Soils and Finite Element Limit Analysis of Penetration Depth for Jack-up Rig Footing Penetration on Single Stratum[J].Coastal Engineering,2012,31(4):20-28.
[16]郭绍曾,刘润,洪兆徽,等.插桩过程对临近平台桩基础的影响研究[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(2):446-452.GUO Shaozeng,LIU Run,HONG Zhaohui,et al.Influence of Spudcan Penetration on Pile Foundation near a Platform[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(2):446-452.
[17]闫澍旺,霍知亮.岩土工程下沉贯入数值模拟方法研究进展[J].力学与实践,2016,38(3):237-249.YAN Shuwang,HUO Zhiliang.Advance in Numerical Simulation Methods for Penetration in Geotechnical Engineering[J].Mechanics in Engineering,2016,38(3):237-249.
[18]周龙,刘润,郭绍曾,等.桩靴连续贯入过程的动态模拟方法研究[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(2):460-466.ZHOU Long,LIU Run,GUO Shaozeng,et al.A Dynamic Simulation Method for Continuous Spudcan Penetration[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(2):460-466.
[2]CRAIG W H,CHUA K.Deep Penetration of Spudcan Foundations on Sand and Clay[J].Geotechnique,1990,40(4):541-556.
[3]THO K K,LEUNG C F,CHOW Y K,et al.Eulerian Finiteelement Technique for Analysis of Jack-up Spudcan Penetration[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2012,12(1):64-73.
[4]CASSIDY M J,BYRNE B W,RANDOLPH M F.A Comparison of the Combined Load Behaviour of Spudcan and Caisson Foundations on Soft Normally Consolidated Clay[J].Geotechnique,2004,54(2):91-106.
[5]张浦阳,丁红岩.海上自升式钻井平台新型筒型桩靴承载力[J].石油勘探与开发,2011,38(2):237-242.ZHANG Puyang,DING Hongyan.Bearing Capacity of the Bucket Spudcan Foundation for Offshore Jack-up Drilling Platforms[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2011,38(2):237-242.
[6]HOSSAIN M S,HU Y,EKAPUTRA D.Skirted Foundation to Mitigate Spudcan Punch-through on Sand-over-clay[J].Géotechnique,2014,64(4):333-340.
[7]王玉锁,陈炜韬,王明年.砂土质隧道围岩黏聚力影响因素的试验研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,33(6):48-51.WANG Yusuo,CHEN Weitao,WANG Mingnian.Test Research for Influencing Factors of the Cohesive Strength of Sand Soil Tunnel Surrounding Rock[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2006,33(6):48-51.
[8]付丽娜.自升式钻井船桩靴承载能力研究[D].天津:天津大学,2008.FU Lina.Research on Bearing Capacity of Spud Foundation for Jack-up Self-elevating Drilling Platform[D].Tianjin:Tianjin U-niversity,2008.
[9]段忠毅,王家祥.带桩靴自升式桩基钻井平台插桩深度的计算方法[J].中国海上油气:工程,1998,10(4):20-24.DUAN Zhongyi,WANG Jiaxiang.Analysis of Calculating Method of the Plug-in Depth of Pile-based Drilling Platform[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas(Engineering).1998,10(4):20-24.
[10]SNAME.Guidelines for Site Specific Assessment of Mobile Jack-up Units[S].New Jersey:Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers,2002.
[11]陈仲颐,周景星,王洪瑾.土力学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1994.CHEN Zhongyi,ZHOU Jingxing,WANG Hongjin.Soil Mechanics[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1994.
[12]刘梅梅,练继建,杨敏,等.宽浅式筒型基础竖向承载力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(2):379-384.LIU Meimei,LIAN Jijian,YANG Min,et al.Vertical Bearing Capacity of Wide-shallow Bucket Foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(2):379-384.
[13]郑静,范庆来,王忠涛.纺锤形桩靴基础贯入过程Eulerian-Lagrangian耦合有限元法的模拟[J].工业建筑,2013,43(12):104-108.ZHENG Jing,FAN Qinglai,WANG Zhongtao.Penetration Process Simulation of Spudcan Foundation by CEL[J].Industrial Construction,2013,43(12):104-108.
[14]闫澍旺,霍知亮,孙立强,等.海上风电机组筒型基础工作及承载特性研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(7):2036-2042.YAN Shuwang,HUO Zhiliang,SUN Liqiang,et al.Study of Working Mechanism and Bearing Capacity Behavior of Bucket Foundation for Offshore Wing Turbine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(7):2036-2042.
[15]王楠,吴建政,徐永臣,等.单一地层平台插桩地基土破坏模式及插桩深度有限元分析[J].海岸工程,2012,31(4):20-28.WANG Nan,WU Jianzheng,XU Yongchen,et al.Failure Mode of Foundation Soils and Finite Element Limit Analysis of Penetration Depth for Jack-up Rig Footing Penetration on Single Stratum[J].Coastal Engineering,2012,31(4):20-28.
[16]郭绍曾,刘润,洪兆徽,等.插桩过程对临近平台桩基础的影响研究[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(2):446-452.GUO Shaozeng,LIU Run,HONG Zhaohui,et al.Influence of Spudcan Penetration on Pile Foundation near a Platform[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(2):446-452.
[17]闫澍旺,霍知亮.岩土工程下沉贯入数值模拟方法研究进展[J].力学与实践,2016,38(3):237-249.YAN Shuwang,HUO Zhiliang.Advance in Numerical Simulation Methods for Penetration in Geotechnical Engineering[J].Mechanics in Engineering,2016,38(3):237-249.
[18]周龙,刘润,郭绍曾,等.桩靴连续贯入过程的动态模拟方法研究[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(2):460-466.ZHOU Long,LIU Run,GUO Shaozeng,et al.A Dynamic Simulation Method for Continuous Spudcan Penetration[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(2):460-466.