2015年10月南宁市区典型大气污染过程成因分析
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摘要
2015年10月15日—24日南宁市出现了一次典型的大气细颗粒物(PM2. 5)污染过程,利用单颗粒气溶胶质谱仪和大气颗粒物激光雷达仪器进行监测,结合气象、后向轨迹及卫星遥感影像等资料分析大气污染成因及远距离传输对该次污染过程的影响。研究表明:此次南宁市大气污染以PM2. 5超标为主,PM2. 5日均质量浓度最高为85. 2μg/m3,超过标准值13. 6%,其中PM1占PM2. 5的66. 3%。此次污染过程是由本地污染源与外来源影响互相叠加,在静稳、高温、强光等天气情况下发生协同作用引起的,污染物主要来源为燃煤源、机动车尾气源和生物质燃烧源,占全部来源的75. 0%～80. 0%。
A typical pollution process happened through October 15 th to 24 th,2015 in Nanning was analyzed. The air pollution factors and the impacts of pollutants transporting over long distance were studied by using single particle aerosol mass spectrometry( SPAMS) and aerosol LIDAR system,combined with meteorological data,backward trajectory and satellite remote sensing imagery. Results showed that fine particulate matter( PM2. 5) was the primary pollutant in this air pollution process,whose highest daily average concentration was85. 2 μg/m3,exceeding the standard limit by 13. 6%. PM1 accounted for 66. 3% of PM2. 5. This pollution was caused by local sources added with outside sources at the synergy of stationary weather,high temperature and hard light. Coal combustion,motor vehicle exhaust and biomass burning were the main sources,accounting for75. 0% ～ 80. 0% of the total.
A typical pollution process happened through October 15 th to 24 th,2015 in Nanning was analyzed. The air pollution factors and the impacts of pollutants transporting over long distance were studied by using single particle aerosol mass spectrometry( SPAMS) and aerosol LIDAR system,combined with meteorological data,backward trajectory and satellite remote sensing imagery. Results showed that fine particulate matter( PM2. 5) was the primary pollutant in this air pollution process,whose highest daily average concentration was85. 2 μg/m3,exceeding the standard limit by 13. 6%. PM1 accounted for 66. 3% of PM2. 5. This pollution was caused by local sources added with outside sources at the synergy of stationary weather,high temperature and hard light. Coal combustion,motor vehicle exhaust and biomass burning were the main sources,accounting for75. 0% ～ 80. 0% of the total.
引文
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[2] SUN Y,JIANG Q,WANG Z,et al. Investigation of the sources and evolution processes of severe haze pollution in Beijing in January 2013[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2014,119(7):4380-4398.
[3] DU H H,KONG L D,CHENG T T,et al. Insights into summertime haze pollution events over Shanghai based on online watersoluble ionic composition of aerosols[J]. Atmospheric Environment,2011,45(29):5131-5137.
[4]薛亦峰,周震,聂滕,等. 2015年12月北京市空气重污染过程分析及污染源排放变化[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1593-1601.
[5]梁俊宁,高敏,王珊.西安市一次严重霾污染天气特征及气象条件分析[J].环境工程,2016(8):104-109.
[6] FEIGIN V L,ROTH G A,NAGHAVI M,et al. Global burden of stroke and risk factors in 188 countries,during 1990—2013:a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013[J]. Lancet Neurology,2016,15(9):913-924.
[7] THURSTON G D,LIPPMANN M,SCOTT M B,et al. Summertime haze air pollution and children with asthma[J]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine,1997,155(2):654-660.
[8] TONNE C,WILKINSON P. Long-term exposure to air pollution is associated with survival following acute coronary syndrome[J].European Heart Journal,2013,34(17):1306-1311.
[9]贾晓峰,宋晓明,郭新彪.大气颗粒物暴露对成人肺功能影响的研究进展[J].中华预防医学杂志,2009,43(8):730-732.
[10] NGUYEN Q T,GLASIUS M,SRENSEN L L,et al. Seasonal variation of atmospheric particle number concentrations,new particle formation and atmospheric oxidation capacity at the high Arctic site Villum Research Station,Station Nord[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2016,16(17):11319-11336.
[11] ZHANG R Y,SUH I,ZHAO J,et al. Atmospheric new particle formation enhanced by organic acids[J]. Science,2004,304(5676):1487-1490.
[12] PAASONEN P,NIEMINEN T,ASMI E,et al. On the roles of sulphuric acid and low-volatility organic vapours in the initial steps of atmospheric new particle formation[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,2010,10(22):11223-11242.
[13]张志刚,高庆先,韩雪琴,等.中国华北区域城市间污染物输送研究[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(1):14-20.
[14]王跃思,张军科,王莉莉,等.京津冀区域大气霾污染研究意义、现状及展望[J].地球科学进展,2014,29(3):388-396.
[15]李国辉,冯添.关中地区重污染期间PM2. 5输送与来源的模拟研究[J].地球环境学报,2016,7(4):412-424.
[16]刘咸德,李军,赵越,等.北京地区大气颗粒物污染的风向因素研究[J].中国环境科学,2010,30(1):1-6.
[17]胡敏,何凌燕,黄晓锋,等.北京大气细粒子和超细粒子理化特征、来源及形成机制[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.
[18] MA J Z,XU X B,ZHAO C S,et al. A review of atmospheric chemistry research in China:photochemical smog,haze pollution,and gas-aerosol interactions[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2012,29(5):1006-1025.
[19]邱金桓,郑斯平,黄其荣,等.北京地区对流层中上部云和气溶胶的激光雷达探测[J].大气科学,2003,27(1):1-7.
[20]喻义勇,王苏蓉,秦玮.大气细颗粒物在线源解析方法研究进展[J].环境监测管理与技术,2015,27(3):12-17.
[21]刘慧琳,宋红军,陈志明,等.利用SPAMS研究南宁市冬季单颗粒气溶胶化学成分[J].环境科学,2016,37(2):434-442.
[22]张志朋,杜娟,宋韶华,等.夏季桂林市大气PM2. 5化学组成和成分分布的质谱研究[J].环境监测管理与技术,2015,27(6):22-26.
[23]周军,岳古明,戚福第,等.大气气溶胶光学特性激光雷达探测[J].量子电子学报,1998,15(2):140-148.
[24]莫招育,陈志明,黄炯丽,等.南宁地区秋季一次连续灰霾过程的污染特征及成因分析[J].桂林理工大学学报,2015,35(3):540-548.
[25]陆晓艳,潘润西,陈蓓. 2015年2月广西典型空气重污染过程及成因分析[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(1):20-23.
[26]施禅臻,莫招育,陈志明,等.南宁地区一次典型灰霾过程气溶胶光学特性的地基观测[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2015,54(4):423-430.