一种新型路径共享真时延波束合成架构的设计
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摘要
为满足宽带天线通信系统多输入多输出的要求,提出了一种新型路径共享真时延波束合成架构。通过真时延单元提供的一定延时差弥补信号到达天线的时间差,合成多路信号来提高输出能力。相比于传统的波束合成架构,该架构通过真时延单元共享,节省芯片面积。该架构具有中心对称性与可扩展性,可支持2M个输入和2K个输出。基于HHNEC0. 18μm CMOS工艺设计四入四出波束合成器单元,对提出的架构加以验证。仿真结果表明,工作频带为0. 5～1. 5 GHz,延时分辨率为80 ps、最大延时为720 ps。在天线间距为10. 5 cm的情况下,能够提供±43°和±13°四个扫描角度。输入输出回波损耗≤-10 dB,带内整体增益为约26 dB,增益平坦度≤3 dB。版图面积(包括I/O焊盘和ESD)为3. 69 mm×3. 62 mm。
In order to meet the requirement of multi-input and multi-output of broadband wireless communication system,a new path-sharing true-time-delay beamformer architecture is proposed in this paper. The output capability is improved by synthesizing multiple signals,compensating the time difference in reaching the antenna with a certain delay difference provided by the true-time-delay unit. Compared with the traditional beamformer architecture,this architecture can save the area of chip by true-time-delay unit sharing. It is not only extensional,supporting 2 M antennas and synthesizing 2 K signal beams,but also symmetrical. Based on HHNEC 0. 18 μm CMOS process,four-in-four-out beamformer is designed to verify the proposed architecture.The simulation results show that this beamformer works over 0. 5-1. 5 GHz and has four antennas,with delay resolution of 80 ps and maximum delay of 720 ps. It can provide four scanning angles of ± 43° and ± 13° for four antennas with 10. 5 cm spacing. The input-output return loss is not more than-10 dB,the gain is about26 dB,and gain flatness is not more than 3 dB. The layout area( including I/O pad and ESD) is 3. 69 mm ×3. 62 mm.
In order to meet the requirement of multi-input and multi-output of broadband wireless communication system,a new path-sharing true-time-delay beamformer architecture is proposed in this paper. The output capability is improved by synthesizing multiple signals,compensating the time difference in reaching the antenna with a certain delay difference provided by the true-time-delay unit. Compared with the traditional beamformer architecture,this architecture can save the area of chip by true-time-delay unit sharing. It is not only extensional,supporting 2 M antennas and synthesizing 2 K signal beams,but also symmetrical. Based on HHNEC 0. 18 μm CMOS process,four-in-four-out beamformer is designed to verify the proposed architecture.The simulation results show that this beamformer works over 0. 5-1. 5 GHz and has four antennas,with delay resolution of 80 ps and maximum delay of 720 ps. It can provide four scanning angles of ± 43° and ± 13° for four antennas with 10. 5 cm spacing. The input-output return loss is not more than-10 dB,the gain is about26 dB,and gain flatness is not more than 3 dB. The layout area( including I/O pad and ESD) is 3. 69 mm ×3. 62 mm.
引文
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[12]CHU T S,HASHEMI H.A true time-delay-based bandpass multi-beam array at mm-waves supporting instantaneously wide bandwidths[C]∥International Solid-State Circuits Conference.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2010:38-39.
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[14]BRUCCOLERI F,KLUMPERINK E A M,NAUTA B.Wideband CMOS low-noise amplifier exploiting thermal noise canceling[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2004,39(2):275-282.
[15]邵翔鹏,张万荣,丁春宝,等.基于噪声抵消技术的超宽带低噪声放大器[J].电子器件,2015(1):74-77.SHAO X P,ZHANG W R,DING C B,et al.An ultra-wideband low noise amplifier based on noise cancellation technique[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2015(1):74-77(in Chinese).
[16]MONDAL I,KRISHNAPURA N.A 2 GHz bandwidth,0.25~1.7 ns true-time-delay element using a variable-order all-pass filter architecture in 0.13μm CMOS[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2017,52(8):2180-2193.
[17]GARAKOUI S K,KLUMPERINK E A M,NAUTA B,et al.Compact cascadable gm-C all-pass true time delay cell with reduced delay variation over frequency[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2015,50(3):693-703.
[2]MOSLLRMI S,WELKER R,KITCHEN J.Wide band programmable true time delay block for phased array antenna applications[C]∥Dallas Circuits and Systems Conference.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2017.
[3]肖永轩,薛永,曾小金.GEO移动通信卫星合成多波束天线仿真分析[J].航天器工程,2010,19(3):74-79.XIAO Y X,XUE Y,ZENG X J.Simulation analysis of composite multi-beam antenna on the GEO mobile communication satellite[J].Spacecraft Engineering,2010,19(3):74-79(in Chinese).
[4]MOALLEMI S,WELKER R,KITCHEN J.Wide band programmable true time delay block for phased array antenna applications[C]∥Dallas Circuits and Systems Conference.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2017.
[5]AHMADI P,BELOSTOTSKI L,MADANAYAKE A,et al.0.96-to-5.1GHz 4-element spatially analog IIR-enhanced delay-andsum beamformer[C]∥International Microwave Symposium.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2017:1610-1613.
[6]LIU Y,ZHANG W,LIU Y.A fully integrated 4-channel beamformer based on TTD phased array in 0.18μm CMOS[J].Microelectronics Journal,2018,80:81-86.
[7]ARIYARATHNA V,UDAYANGA N,MADANAYAKE A,et al.Design methodology of an analog 9-beam squint-free wideband IF multi-beamformer for mm W applications[C]∥Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2017:236-240.
[8]高浩,周以国,郭征.L波段宽带相控阵天线真延时网络的设计[J].电子元件与材料,2013,32(6):14-17.GAO H,ZHOU Y G,GUO Z.Design of a true time delay network for the L-band wideband phased array antenna[J].Electronic Components and Materials,2013,32(6):14-17(in Chinese).
[9]CHU T S,RODERICK J,HASHEMI H.An integrated ultrawideband timed array receiver in 0.13μm CMOS using a pathsharing true time delay architecture[J].IEEE Journal of SolidState Circuits,2007,42(12):2834-2850.
[10]CHU T S,HASHEMI H.A CMOS UWB camera with 7×7 simultaneous active pixels[C]∥International Solid-State Circuits Conference-Digest of Technical Papers.Piscataway,NJ:IEEEPress,2008:120-121.
[11]CHU T S,HASHEMI H.True-time-delay-based multi-beam arrays[J].IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory&Techniques,2013,61(8):3072-3082.
[12]CHU T S,HASHEMI H.A true time-delay-based bandpass multi-beam array at mm-waves supporting instantaneously wide bandwidths[C]∥International Solid-State Circuits Conference.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2010:38-39.
[13]MA L,WANG Z,XU J,et al.A 500 kHz-1.4 GHz push-pull differential noise cancellation LNA[C]∥IEEE International Conference on Communication Software and Networks.Piscataway,NJ:IEEE Press,2015:182-185.
[14]BRUCCOLERI F,KLUMPERINK E A M,NAUTA B.Wideband CMOS low-noise amplifier exploiting thermal noise canceling[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2004,39(2):275-282.
[15]邵翔鹏,张万荣,丁春宝,等.基于噪声抵消技术的超宽带低噪声放大器[J].电子器件,2015(1):74-77.SHAO X P,ZHANG W R,DING C B,et al.An ultra-wideband low noise amplifier based on noise cancellation technique[J].Chinese Journal of Electron Devices,2015(1):74-77(in Chinese).
[16]MONDAL I,KRISHNAPURA N.A 2 GHz bandwidth,0.25~1.7 ns true-time-delay element using a variable-order all-pass filter architecture in 0.13μm CMOS[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2017,52(8):2180-2193.
[17]GARAKOUI S K,KLUMPERINK E A M,NAUTA B,et al.Compact cascadable gm-C all-pass true time delay cell with reduced delay variation over frequency[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2015,50(3):693-703.