磷肥对滴灌复播大豆生长发育、产量及经济效益的影响
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摘要
为探究北疆滴灌条件下复播大豆高产栽培适宜的施磷量,以大豆品种黑河45号为试验材料,在大田滴灌条件下,设置0(P_0)、60(P_1)、120(P_2)、180(P_3)和240 kg·hm~(-2)(P_4) 5个施磷水平,研究施磷量对复播大豆叶绿素含量(SPAD值)、叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累与分配、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明,施磷量对复播大豆叶绿素含量的影响不显著;各处理复播大豆LAI在生长前期效果不明显,但苗后30 d依次表现为P_3>P_2>P_1>P_4>P_0;在大豆各生育时期,中等施磷处理的干物质积累量及分配比例均优于其他处理,总体依次表现为P_3>P_2>P_4>P_1>P_0;实际产量以P3处理最高,且各处理的平均产量为2 526.34 kg·hm~(-2),较P0处理显著增产22.70%; P3处理的纯收益最高,为4 637.9元·hm~(-2),较P0、P1、P2和P4处理分别提高86.19%、28.59%、4.17%和57.52%。综合考虑复播大豆的生长发育、产量及经济效益,得出适宜的施磷量应控制在120～180 kg·hm~(-2)之间。本研究结果为伊犁河谷地区复播大豆合理施磷肥提供了一定的理论依据。
To ascertain the appropriate amount of phosphorus for high-yield summer-sowing soybean cultivation under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang,the soybean variety Heihe 45 was used as an experimental material and five phosphorus application levels: 0 kg·hm~(-2),60 kg·hm~(-2)( P_1),120 kg·hm~(-2)( P_2),180 kg·hm~(-2)( P_3) and 240 kg·hm~(-2)( P_4) were conducted under drip irrigation in the field to research the impacts of different phosphorus fertilization application on chlorophyll content( SPAD),leaf area index( LAI),dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and economic benefits. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus application on chlorophyll content of summer-sowing soybean was not significant. The effect of different treatments on LAI in the early growth stage of summer-sowing soybean was not obvious,but followed the trend of P_3>P_2>P_1>P_4>P_0 after 30 days of the seedling. At each stages of soybean,the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in medium phosphorus application were better than other treatments,and the order was P_3>P_2>P_4>P_1>P_0. The yield was the highest at P3,and the average yield of each treatment was 2 526.34 kg·hm~(-2),which increased by 22.70% than that of non-phosphorus application P0. The highest net income of P3 was4 637.9 yuan·hm~(-2),which increased by 86.19%,28.59%,4.17% and 57.52% than that of P0,P1,P2 and P4,respectively. Based on comprehensive analysis on growth and development,yield and economic benefits of summersowing soybean,it proposed that the appropriate phosphorus application should be controlled between 120 kg·hm~(-2) and180 kg·hm~(-2). These results provided a theoretical basis for suitable phosphorus application amount for the local summer-sowing soybean.
To ascertain the appropriate amount of phosphorus for high-yield summer-sowing soybean cultivation under drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang,the soybean variety Heihe 45 was used as an experimental material and five phosphorus application levels: 0 kg·hm~(-2),60 kg·hm~(-2)( P_1),120 kg·hm~(-2)( P_2),180 kg·hm~(-2)( P_3) and 240 kg·hm~(-2)( P_4) were conducted under drip irrigation in the field to research the impacts of different phosphorus fertilization application on chlorophyll content( SPAD),leaf area index( LAI),dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and economic benefits. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus application on chlorophyll content of summer-sowing soybean was not significant. The effect of different treatments on LAI in the early growth stage of summer-sowing soybean was not obvious,but followed the trend of P_3>P_2>P_1>P_4>P_0 after 30 days of the seedling. At each stages of soybean,the accumulation and distribution of dry matter in medium phosphorus application were better than other treatments,and the order was P_3>P_2>P_4>P_1>P_0. The yield was the highest at P3,and the average yield of each treatment was 2 526.34 kg·hm~(-2),which increased by 22.70% than that of non-phosphorus application P0. The highest net income of P3 was4 637.9 yuan·hm~(-2),which increased by 86.19%,28.59%,4.17% and 57.52% than that of P0,P1,P2 and P4,respectively. Based on comprehensive analysis on growth and development,yield and economic benefits of summersowing soybean,it proposed that the appropriate phosphorus application should be controlled between 120 kg·hm~(-2) and180 kg·hm~(-2). These results provided a theoretical basis for suitable phosphorus application amount for the local summer-sowing soybean.
引文
[1]张小明,曾宪楠,孙羽.磷素对大豆生长发育影响的研究进展[J].大豆科学,2016,35(1):176-180
[2]战勇,罗赓彤,刘胜利,孔新,张恒斌.北疆大豆复种现状及高效栽培技术研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(5):426-428
[3]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析[J].土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324
[4]张娜,张永强,徐文修,李亚杰,苏丽丽,彭姜龙.施氮量对北疆滴灌复播大豆光合生理及产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):645-650
[5] Win M,Nakasathien S,Sarobol E. Effects of phosphorus on seed oil and protein contents and phosphorus use efficiency in some soybean varieties[J]. Witthayasan Kasetsart,2010,44:1-9
[6]马光恕,刘明鑫,王萌,宿晓琳,高铃铃,马彦良,廉华.磷对薄皮甜瓜生理代谢和产量形成影响的研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):1014-1021
[7]刘建中,李振声,李继云.利用植物自身潜力提高土壤中磷的生物有效性[J].生态农业研究,1994,2(1):16-23
[8]李继云,刘秀娣,周伟,孙建华,童依平,刘文杰,李振声,王培田,姚树江.有效利用土壤营养元素的作物育种新技术研究[J].中国科学(B辑化学生命科学地学),1995,25(1):41-48
[9]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017
[10] Sattari S Z,Van Ittersum M K,Giller K E,Zhang F,Bouwman A F. Key role of China and its agriculture in global sustainable phosphorus management[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2014,9(5):54003
[11]蔡柏岩,葛菁萍,祖伟.施磷水平对不同基因型大豆品种硝酸还原酶活性影响[J].大豆科学,2007,26(3):359-362
[12] Zhou T,Du Y L,Ahmed S,Liu T,Ren M L,Liu W G,Yang W Y. Genotypic differences in phosphorus efficiency and the performance of physiological characteristics in response to low phosphorus stress of soybean in southwest of China[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7:1776
[13]吴明才,尚冒珍.大豆磷素营养研究[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(3):59-65
[14]蔡柏岩,葛菁萍,金惠玉,刘丽君,祖伟.磷素水平对不同品种钾素吸收效率的影响[J].大豆科学,2006,25(1):42-47
[15]曹景勤,陈碧云.黄淮海地区施肥技术对夏大豆增产效果的研究[J].土壤通报,1997,28(4):158-159
[16]卓越.氮磷钾追施对夏大豆产量的影响[J].大豆科技,2011(5):13-17
[17]唐江华,苏丽丽,罗家祥,李亚杰,徐文修,彭姜龙.不同耕作方式对夏大豆干物质积累及转运特性的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(10):2026-2032
[18]张永强,张娜,王娜,唐江华,徐文修,李亚杰.种植密度对夏大豆光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(7):1386-1391
[19]张永强,张娜,李亚杰,彭姜龙,苏丽丽,徐文修.滴灌量对北疆复播大豆耗水特性及干物质积累、转运的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):111-116
[20]刘科,陆键,高梦涛,卢碧林,魏中伟,马国辉,田小海,张运波.施氮量对杂交水稻叶片光谱特征、SPAD值和光能拦截率关系的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(2):362-369
[21]杨威,李忠,李仪琳,杨弘.磷肥对农作物产量和品质的影响研究综述[J].安徽农学通报,2015,21(20):66-67,70
[22]乔振江,蔡昆争,骆世明.低磷和干旱胁迫对大豆植株干物质积累及磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5578-5587
[23]宋秀丽,王冰雪,陆杰,韩业辉,刘洋,郑旭,苗亿.磷肥施用量对大豆生长状况的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(9):44-47
[24]刘海旭,吴俊江,王金生,鹿文成,徐鹏飞,张淑珍.大豆耐低磷研究进展[J].大豆科学,2017,36(4):639-644
[25]陈国兴,夏玄,吕书财,张喜亭,龚振平.砂培法模拟磷素营养水平对大豆光合作用和产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2017,36(4):575-582
[26]李思忠,章建新,李春艳,楚光红,唐长青.滴灌大豆干物质积累、分配及产量分布特性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(7):21-28
[27]苗淑杰,乔云发,韩晓增,王树起,李海波.缺磷对已结瘤大豆生长和固氮功能的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(7):1344-1349
[28]郭晓双,吴冬婷,周全,姚玉波,龚振平,马春梅,夏玄.缺磷胁迫对大豆植株磷素与干物质积累的影响[J].大豆科学,2014,33(4):545-549
[29]寸植贤,周志刚,何霞红,李春苇,汤东生.氮、磷肥用量对大豆结瘤和生长的调节[J].大豆科学,2014,33(2):215-217,222
[30]蔡柏岩,祖伟,葛菁萍.磷素水平对不同基因型大豆干物质积累与分配的影响[J].大豆科学,2004,23(4):273-280
[31] Barbosa N C,Pereira H S,Arruda E M,Brod E,Almeida R F D.Spatial distribution of phosphorus in the soil and soybean yield as function of fertilization methods[J]. Bioscience Journal,2018,34(1):88-94
[32]蔡柏岩,葛菁萍,祖伟.不同磷肥水平对大豆磷营养状况和产量品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):404-410
[33]于洋.不同磷素水平土壤对大豆磷素积累和产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013
[34]姚玉波,吴冬婷,龚振平,马春梅.磷素水平对大豆氮素积累及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(6):947-951
[35] Wang W L,Liang T,Wang L Q,Liu Y F,Wang Y Z,Zhang C S.The effects of fertilizer applications on runoff loss of phosphorus[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,68(5):1313-1319
[36] Li H G,Liu J,Li G H,Shen J B,Bergstrom L,Zhang F S. Past,present,and future use of phosphorus in Chinese agriculture and its influence on phosphorus losses[J]. A Journal of the Human Environment,2015,44(2):274-285
[2]战勇,罗赓彤,刘胜利,孔新,张恒斌.北疆大豆复种现状及高效栽培技术研究[J].新疆农业科学,2006,43(5):426-428
[3]于飞,施卫明.近10年中国大陆主要粮食作物氮肥利用率分析[J].土壤学报,2015,52(6):1311-1324
[4]张娜,张永强,徐文修,李亚杰,苏丽丽,彭姜龙.施氮量对北疆滴灌复播大豆光合生理及产量的影响[J].土壤通报,2016,47(3):645-650
[5] Win M,Nakasathien S,Sarobol E. Effects of phosphorus on seed oil and protein contents and phosphorus use efficiency in some soybean varieties[J]. Witthayasan Kasetsart,2010,44:1-9
[6]马光恕,刘明鑫,王萌,宿晓琳,高铃铃,马彦良,廉华.磷对薄皮甜瓜生理代谢和产量形成影响的研究[J].核农学报,2017,31(5):1014-1021
[7]刘建中,李振声,李继云.利用植物自身潜力提高土壤中磷的生物有效性[J].生态农业研究,1994,2(1):16-23
[8]李继云,刘秀娣,周伟,孙建华,童依平,刘文杰,李振声,王培田,姚树江.有效利用土壤营养元素的作物育种新技术研究[J].中国科学(B辑化学生命科学地学),1995,25(1):41-48
[9]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017
[10] Sattari S Z,Van Ittersum M K,Giller K E,Zhang F,Bouwman A F. Key role of China and its agriculture in global sustainable phosphorus management[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2014,9(5):54003
[11]蔡柏岩,葛菁萍,祖伟.施磷水平对不同基因型大豆品种硝酸还原酶活性影响[J].大豆科学,2007,26(3):359-362
[12] Zhou T,Du Y L,Ahmed S,Liu T,Ren M L,Liu W G,Yang W Y. Genotypic differences in phosphorus efficiency and the performance of physiological characteristics in response to low phosphorus stress of soybean in southwest of China[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science,2016,7:1776
[13]吴明才,尚冒珍.大豆磷素营养研究[J].中国农业科学,1999,32(3):59-65
[14]蔡柏岩,葛菁萍,金惠玉,刘丽君,祖伟.磷素水平对不同品种钾素吸收效率的影响[J].大豆科学,2006,25(1):42-47
[15]曹景勤,陈碧云.黄淮海地区施肥技术对夏大豆增产效果的研究[J].土壤通报,1997,28(4):158-159
[16]卓越.氮磷钾追施对夏大豆产量的影响[J].大豆科技,2011(5):13-17
[17]唐江华,苏丽丽,罗家祥,李亚杰,徐文修,彭姜龙.不同耕作方式对夏大豆干物质积累及转运特性的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(10):2026-2032
[18]张永强,张娜,王娜,唐江华,徐文修,李亚杰.种植密度对夏大豆光合特性及产量构成的影响[J].核农学报,2015,29(7):1386-1391
[19]张永强,张娜,李亚杰,彭姜龙,苏丽丽,徐文修.滴灌量对北疆复播大豆耗水特性及干物质积累、转运的影响[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(2):111-116
[20]刘科,陆键,高梦涛,卢碧林,魏中伟,马国辉,田小海,张运波.施氮量对杂交水稻叶片光谱特征、SPAD值和光能拦截率关系的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(2):362-369
[21]杨威,李忠,李仪琳,杨弘.磷肥对农作物产量和品质的影响研究综述[J].安徽农学通报,2015,21(20):66-67,70
[22]乔振江,蔡昆争,骆世明.低磷和干旱胁迫对大豆植株干物质积累及磷效率的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(19):5578-5587
[23]宋秀丽,王冰雪,陆杰,韩业辉,刘洋,郑旭,苗亿.磷肥施用量对大豆生长状况的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(9):44-47
[24]刘海旭,吴俊江,王金生,鹿文成,徐鹏飞,张淑珍.大豆耐低磷研究进展[J].大豆科学,2017,36(4):639-644
[25]陈国兴,夏玄,吕书财,张喜亭,龚振平.砂培法模拟磷素营养水平对大豆光合作用和产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2017,36(4):575-582
[26]李思忠,章建新,李春艳,楚光红,唐长青.滴灌大豆干物质积累、分配及产量分布特性研究[J].中国农业大学学报,2016,21(7):21-28
[27]苗淑杰,乔云发,韩晓增,王树起,李海波.缺磷对已结瘤大豆生长和固氮功能的影响[J].作物学报,2009,35(7):1344-1349
[28]郭晓双,吴冬婷,周全,姚玉波,龚振平,马春梅,夏玄.缺磷胁迫对大豆植株磷素与干物质积累的影响[J].大豆科学,2014,33(4):545-549
[29]寸植贤,周志刚,何霞红,李春苇,汤东生.氮、磷肥用量对大豆结瘤和生长的调节[J].大豆科学,2014,33(2):215-217,222
[30]蔡柏岩,祖伟,葛菁萍.磷素水平对不同基因型大豆干物质积累与分配的影响[J].大豆科学,2004,23(4):273-280
[31] Barbosa N C,Pereira H S,Arruda E M,Brod E,Almeida R F D.Spatial distribution of phosphorus in the soil and soybean yield as function of fertilization methods[J]. Bioscience Journal,2018,34(1):88-94
[32]蔡柏岩,葛菁萍,祖伟.不同磷肥水平对大豆磷营养状况和产量品质性状的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):404-410
[33]于洋.不同磷素水平土壤对大豆磷素积累和产量的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013
[34]姚玉波,吴冬婷,龚振平,马春梅.磷素水平对大豆氮素积累及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2012,26(6):947-951
[35] Wang W L,Liang T,Wang L Q,Liu Y F,Wang Y Z,Zhang C S.The effects of fertilizer applications on runoff loss of phosphorus[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2013,68(5):1313-1319
[36] Li H G,Liu J,Li G H,Shen J B,Bergstrom L,Zhang F S. Past,present,and future use of phosphorus in Chinese agriculture and its influence on phosphorus losses[J]. A Journal of the Human Environment,2015,44(2):274-285