高速公路限速区段安全与效率优化协调模型
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摘要
为改善高速公路分区段限速管理下的运行安全与效率,缓解由于限速区段设置不当、频繁换速造成的驾驶负担,对高速公路分区段限速管理下的限速区段进行优化协调设置.首先,以损失时间最小为原则,提出3种情形下的高速公路限速区段优化协调模型;其次,依据驾驶人认知距离、心理稳定距离和限速标志前置距离,及驾驶员问卷调查统计数据,对模型计算中的最小限速区段长度和最大限速区段数目两参数进行标定;最后,根据经济学风险与收益的原理,分别用风险函数和收益函数表征高速公路交通安全和效率,构建高速公路安全指数、效率指数评价模型,并结合案例高速公路初始限速区段设置情况,对所提限速区段最优协调模型的实效性进行仿真检验.结果表明:案例高速公路应用所提优化模型进行限速区段协调控制后,高速公路综合安全指数值减小45.51%、综合效率指数值增大26.78%,安全、效率状态更加靠近理想点(a,b).针对分区段限速控制的高速公路交通安全与效率的提升,该方法具有较好的可行性与实效性,可为高速公路限速管理提供理论支持.
To improve the safety and efficiency of freeway under the management of partition speed limit and reduce drivers' burden caused by improper speed limit and frequent speed changes, this research optimized and coordinated freeway speed limit sections under the management of partition speed limit. First, the optimal coordination model for freeway speed limit was constructed in three cases on the basis of the principle of minimum loss time. Second, the minimum length of the speed limit section and the number of speed limit sections used in the process of the coordinated optimization were determined based on the theoretical calculation of drivers' cognitive distance, psychological stability distance, speed limit sign front distance, and a questionnaire survey. Then the risk function and income function were used to characterize the traffic safety and efficiency of freeway and construct the corresponding evaluation model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was tested by simulating the original setting of the speed limit section and the traffic condition of a project freeway. Results show that after the optimization the comprehensive safety index decreased by 45.51% and the comprehensive efficiency index increased by 26.78%, which means the state of safety and efficiency has come closer to the ideal point(a, b). This feasible and effective method can improve traffic safety and efficiency level, and provides a theoretical basis for the safety and efficiency management of speed limit sections.
To improve the safety and efficiency of freeway under the management of partition speed limit and reduce drivers' burden caused by improper speed limit and frequent speed changes, this research optimized and coordinated freeway speed limit sections under the management of partition speed limit. First, the optimal coordination model for freeway speed limit was constructed in three cases on the basis of the principle of minimum loss time. Second, the minimum length of the speed limit section and the number of speed limit sections used in the process of the coordinated optimization were determined based on the theoretical calculation of drivers' cognitive distance, psychological stability distance, speed limit sign front distance, and a questionnaire survey. Then the risk function and income function were used to characterize the traffic safety and efficiency of freeway and construct the corresponding evaluation model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was tested by simulating the original setting of the speed limit section and the traffic condition of a project freeway. Results show that after the optimization the comprehensive safety index decreased by 45.51% and the comprehensive efficiency index increased by 26.78%, which means the state of safety and efficiency has come closer to the ideal point(a, b). This feasible and effective method can improve traffic safety and efficiency level, and provides a theoretical basis for the safety and efficiency management of speed limit sections.
引文
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[6] 张清峰.道路限速区过渡段长度取值分析[J]. 铁道工程学报,2015, 201(6):11 ZHANG Qingfeng. Analysis of length value in the transition section of road speed limit zone[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering of Society, 2015, 201(6):11
[7] SHRESTHA K J, SHRESTHA P P. Comprehensive framework for speed-zone guidelines[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 2016, 3(4): 352
[8] 熊惠,孙小端,贺玉龙.高速公路运行速度与交通安全关系研究[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2012, 6(30): 48 XIONG Hui, SUN Xiaoduan, HE Yulong. Relating the operating speed and traffic safety on freeways[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2012, 6(30): 48
[9] 徐瑶琳.高速公路限速标准及实施对策研究[D]. 广州:华南理工大学, 2013 XU Yaolin. Study on highway speed limit standard and the measures of implementation[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2013
[10]徐文大.山区高速公路速度限制优化设计研究[D]. 天津:河北工业大学, 2014 XU Wenda. Study on optimization design of speed limits for mountainous area freeway[D]. Tianjin: Hebei University of Technology, 2014
[11]梁国华,钱国敏,李瑞,等.基于安全与效率的交通事件下高速公路长大下坡限速值[J]. 中国公路学报, 2015, 28(5): 117 LIANG Guohua, QIAN Guomin, LI Rui, et al. The speed limit based on safety and efficiency for long and steep downhill of expressway under traffic incident[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2015, 5(28): 117
[12]马明辉,杨庆芳,梁士栋.高速公路主线可变限速控制方法[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2015,47(9): 107 MA Minghui, YANG Qingfang, LIANG Shidong.A method of variable speed limit control for traffic flow on freewaymainline[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015, 47(9): 107
[13]贺玉龙,孙小端.公路速度限制与速度控制技术研究[M]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2011 HE Yulong, SUN Xiaoduan. Speed limit and speed control technology for highways[M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2011
[14]杨桂元,郑亚豪.多目标决策问题及其求解方法研究[J]. 数学的实践与认识, 2012, 42(2): 108 YANG Guiyuan, ZHENG Yahao. Research on solving method of multi-objective decision making[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2012, 42(2): 108
[15]BRILON W. Traffic flow analysis beyond traditional methods[C]//The Fourth International Symposium on Highway Capacity. Maui: TRB, 2000, 26
[16]叶彭姚,陈小鸿.基于交通效率的城市最佳路网密度研究[J].中国公路学报, 2008, 21(4): 94 YE Pengyao, CHEN Xiaohong. Study of urban optimal density of road network based on transportation efficiency[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2008, 21(4): 94
[17]赵新勇.基于多源异构数据的高速公路交通安全评估方法[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2013 Zhao Xinyong. Freeway traffic safety evaluation method based on multi-source heterogeneous data[D].Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2013
[18]裴玉龙,程国柱.高速公路车速离散性与交通事故的关系及车速管理研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2004, 17(1): 74 PEI Yulong, CHENG Guozhu. Research on the relationship between discrete character of speed and traffic accident and speed management of freeway[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2004, 17(1): 74
[19]邓亚娟,柯四平,胡绍荣.基于安全与效率的八车道高速公路车辆运行规则研究[J].公路, 2017, 10(10): 149 DENG Yajuan, KE Siping, HU Shaorong. Driving rules for the eight-lane freeway based on safety and efficiency[J]. Highway, 2017, 10(10): 149
[20]杨保安,张科静.多目标决策分析理论方法与应用研究[M]. 上海:东华大学出版社, 2008 YANG Baoan, ZHANG Kejing. Research on multi-objective decision analysis approach and application[M]. Shanghai: Donghua University Press, 2008
[2] HANCOCK K L. Summary report of speed management practices task 20: speed and traffic operations evaluation[R].Boston: Massachusetts Traffic Safety Research Group, 2004
[3] 王晓楠.山区高速公路合理限速分段方法研究[D]. 西安:长安大学, 2009 WANG Xiaonan. Research on reasonable speed limit segmentation method of mountainous expressway[D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2009
[4] 胡江碧,王维利,王健.高速公路不同线形组合路段划分研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2010, 23(12): 53 HU Jiangbi, WANG Weili, WANG Jian. Research on classification of various combined alignment section on expressway[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2010, 23(12): 53
[5] 徐婷.公路限速区划分与限速梯级过渡段设置研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2011 XU Ting. Speed zone division and speed transition zone setting research[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2011
[6] 张清峰.道路限速区过渡段长度取值分析[J]. 铁道工程学报,2015, 201(6):11 ZHANG Qingfeng. Analysis of length value in the transition section of road speed limit zone[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering of Society, 2015, 201(6):11
[7] SHRESTHA K J, SHRESTHA P P. Comprehensive framework for speed-zone guidelines[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering (English Edition), 2016, 3(4): 352
[8] 熊惠,孙小端,贺玉龙.高速公路运行速度与交通安全关系研究[J]. 交通信息与安全, 2012, 6(30): 48 XIONG Hui, SUN Xiaoduan, HE Yulong. Relating the operating speed and traffic safety on freeways[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2012, 6(30): 48
[9] 徐瑶琳.高速公路限速标准及实施对策研究[D]. 广州:华南理工大学, 2013 XU Yaolin. Study on highway speed limit standard and the measures of implementation[D]. Guangzhou: South China University of Technology, 2013
[10]徐文大.山区高速公路速度限制优化设计研究[D]. 天津:河北工业大学, 2014 XU Wenda. Study on optimization design of speed limits for mountainous area freeway[D]. Tianjin: Hebei University of Technology, 2014
[11]梁国华,钱国敏,李瑞,等.基于安全与效率的交通事件下高速公路长大下坡限速值[J]. 中国公路学报, 2015, 28(5): 117 LIANG Guohua, QIAN Guomin, LI Rui, et al. The speed limit based on safety and efficiency for long and steep downhill of expressway under traffic incident[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2015, 5(28): 117
[12]马明辉,杨庆芳,梁士栋.高速公路主线可变限速控制方法[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2015,47(9): 107 MA Minghui, YANG Qingfang, LIANG Shidong.A method of variable speed limit control for traffic flow on freewaymainline[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2015, 47(9): 107
[13]贺玉龙,孙小端.公路速度限制与速度控制技术研究[M]. 北京: 人民交通出版社, 2011 HE Yulong, SUN Xiaoduan. Speed limit and speed control technology for highways[M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2011
[14]杨桂元,郑亚豪.多目标决策问题及其求解方法研究[J]. 数学的实践与认识, 2012, 42(2): 108 YANG Guiyuan, ZHENG Yahao. Research on solving method of multi-objective decision making[J]. Mathematics in Practice and Theory, 2012, 42(2): 108
[15]BRILON W. Traffic flow analysis beyond traditional methods[C]//The Fourth International Symposium on Highway Capacity. Maui: TRB, 2000, 26
[16]叶彭姚,陈小鸿.基于交通效率的城市最佳路网密度研究[J].中国公路学报, 2008, 21(4): 94 YE Pengyao, CHEN Xiaohong. Study of urban optimal density of road network based on transportation efficiency[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2008, 21(4): 94
[17]赵新勇.基于多源异构数据的高速公路交通安全评估方法[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2013 Zhao Xinyong. Freeway traffic safety evaluation method based on multi-source heterogeneous data[D].Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2013
[18]裴玉龙,程国柱.高速公路车速离散性与交通事故的关系及车速管理研究[J]. 中国公路学报, 2004, 17(1): 74 PEI Yulong, CHENG Guozhu. Research on the relationship between discrete character of speed and traffic accident and speed management of freeway[J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport,2004, 17(1): 74
[19]邓亚娟,柯四平,胡绍荣.基于安全与效率的八车道高速公路车辆运行规则研究[J].公路, 2017, 10(10): 149 DENG Yajuan, KE Siping, HU Shaorong. Driving rules for the eight-lane freeway based on safety and efficiency[J]. Highway, 2017, 10(10): 149
[20]杨保安,张科静.多目标决策分析理论方法与应用研究[M]. 上海:东华大学出版社, 2008 YANG Baoan, ZHANG Kejing. Research on multi-objective decision analysis approach and application[M]. Shanghai: Donghua University Press, 2008