北京地区荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度影响因素分析及其与泌乳性能关系的研究
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摘要
为揭示荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度的群体特征及其与泌乳性能和体型性状的关系,实验测量了2 840头北京地区荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度,利用SAS 9.2 GLM过程分析其影响因素及乳房皮肤厚度对泌乳性能(日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率)的影响,并计算其与体型性状的相关性。结果表明:北京地区荷斯坦牛乳房皮肤厚度群体均值为7.16 mm;场效应、泌乳阶段和体况评分对乳房皮肤厚度有极显著性影响(P<0.01);乳房皮肤厚度二次项对乳脂率有显著影响(P<0.05),且与日产奶量存在负相关趋势(P<0.1);乳房皮肤厚度与前乳房附着呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。本研究通过初步分析得到乳房皮肤厚度与生产性状的关系,并为后续乳房皮肤厚度的深入研究提供基础。
To explore the general characteristics of udder skin thickness and its relationship with lactation performance and type traits, this research investigated udder skin thickness of Holstein primarily. Records of 2840 milking cows in Beijing area were measured to analyze influence factors of udder skin thickness and its effects on lactation performance(Milk yield,fat percentage and protein percentage), and to calculate the correlation between udder skin thickness and udder traits by GLM procedure of SAS 9.2 version. The results showed that the average udder skin thickness in Holstein was 7.16 mm. The effects of farm, lactation stage and body condition score(BCS) were highly significant on udder skin thickness(P<0.01). Squared udder skin thickness had significant impacts on fat percentage(P<0.05) and tended to have negative correlation with milk yield(P<0.1). Udder skin thickness was highly correlated with the front udder attachment(P<0.05). This study provided preliminary results about the relationship between udder skin thickness and production traits, and these results could be the basis for further study of udder skin thickness.
To explore the general characteristics of udder skin thickness and its relationship with lactation performance and type traits, this research investigated udder skin thickness of Holstein primarily. Records of 2840 milking cows in Beijing area were measured to analyze influence factors of udder skin thickness and its effects on lactation performance(Milk yield,fat percentage and protein percentage), and to calculate the correlation between udder skin thickness and udder traits by GLM procedure of SAS 9.2 version. The results showed that the average udder skin thickness in Holstein was 7.16 mm. The effects of farm, lactation stage and body condition score(BCS) were highly significant on udder skin thickness(P<0.01). Squared udder skin thickness had significant impacts on fat percentage(P<0.05) and tended to have negative correlation with milk yield(P<0.1). Udder skin thickness was highly correlated with the front udder attachment(P<0.05). This study provided preliminary results about the relationship between udder skin thickness and production traits, and these results could be the basis for further study of udder skin thickness.
引文
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[14]李克平,陈俊菲,王石平,等.水牛皮肤结构的研究[J].华中农学院学报, 1983(2):35-43.
[15]Hayman R H, Beeston J W U, Allen T E, et al. Skin thickness inSahiwal and Jersey cattle and its measurements[J]. J Agric Sci,1966, 67(3):345-351.
[16]Dowling D F. The thickness of cattle skin[J]. Crop Pasture Sci,1955, 6(5):776-785.
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[18]Nicholson M J, Little D A. A note on the usefulness of ski-nfold thickness, v. condition score for estimating body fatcontent in Boran cattle[J]. Anim Prod, 1989, 48(1):234-236.
[19]梁梦瑶,高学军,侯晓明,等.油酸和硬脂酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸结合蛋白3表达和脂滴分泌的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2014, 41(5):137-141.
[20]杭苏琴,李三彬,王锋,等.奶牛体型外貌的9分制线性评定方法[J].家畜生态, 2002(3):71-74.
[21]汪湛,刘和凤,窦红,等.天津市部分牧场奶牛体型线性评定分析[J].中国奶牛, 2012(19):22-24.
[22]李荣岭,李建斌,赵秀新,等.奶牛寿命与体型相关性研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医, 2016, 48(2):131-133.
[2]于川,崔燕,杨雪,等.不同年龄牦牛皮肤厚度变化研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报, 2017, 52(1):21-25.
[3]张海亮,徐伟,李想,等.北京地区荷斯坦牛皮肤褶皱厚度及其影响因素分析[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2016, 52(20):57-62.
[4]娄文琦,李源韬,常瑶,等.北京地区荷斯坦奶牛皮肤褶皱厚度与泌乳性能关系的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2018, 45(2):375-383.
[5]Tullon N M. The effect of nutrition on skin and skinfoldthickness in cattle[J]. Aust Soc Anim Prod, 1960, 3:192-194.
[6]Bonsma J C, Van Marle J, Hofmeyr J H. Climatological researchon animal husbandry and its significance in the developmentof beef-cattle production in Colonial territories[J]. Emp J ExpAgric, 1953, 21:154-175.
[7]Patel U G, Anderson D W. Variation of skin thickness in dairycattle[J]. Aust J Exp Agric, 1958, 26:18-24.
[8]Kshatriya P S, Trivedi M M, Dhami A J. Association of udderbiometry and skin thickness with milk yield in Kankrej andcrossbred cows[J]. Indian J Field Vet, 2009, 5:11-13.
[9]Jan H等著,李胜利等译.奶牛信号[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2011:64-65.
[10]杨银凤.家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2011.
[11]Rahman S M, Gill R S. Relation between milk vein and udderskin thickness with milk yield in Murrah buffaloes[J]. Indian JAnim Prod Manage, 1981, 7:119-123.
[12]赵家才,何华川,王春兰,等.摩拉水牛改良云南本地水牛的效果研究[J].中国牛业科学, 2007(1):4-7.
[13]Walker C A. The skin thickness of cattle in Northern Rho-desia[J]. J Agric Sci, 1957, 49(2):211-213.
[14]李克平,陈俊菲,王石平,等.水牛皮肤结构的研究[J].华中农学院学报, 1983(2):35-43.
[15]Hayman R H, Beeston J W U, Allen T E, et al. Skin thickness inSahiwal and Jersey cattle and its measurements[J]. J Agric Sci,1966, 67(3):345-351.
[16]Dowling D F. The thickness of cattle skin[J]. Crop Pasture Sci,1955, 6(5):776-785.
[17]Dowling D F. The significance of the thickness of cattle skin[J].J Agric Sci, 1964, 62(3):307-311.
[18]Nicholson M J, Little D A. A note on the usefulness of ski-nfold thickness, v. condition score for estimating body fatcontent in Boran cattle[J]. Anim Prod, 1989, 48(1):234-236.
[19]梁梦瑶,高学军,侯晓明,等.油酸和硬脂酸对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中脂肪酸结合蛋白3表达和脂滴分泌的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2014, 41(5):137-141.
[20]杭苏琴,李三彬,王锋,等.奶牛体型外貌的9分制线性评定方法[J].家畜生态, 2002(3):71-74.
[21]汪湛,刘和凤,窦红,等.天津市部分牧场奶牛体型线性评定分析[J].中国奶牛, 2012(19):22-24.
[22]李荣岭,李建斌,赵秀新,等.奶牛寿命与体型相关性研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医, 2016, 48(2):131-133.