小鼠结直肠癌肝转移原位瘤模型
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摘要
结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)是一种发病率及死亡率较高的恶性肿瘤,高死亡率主要由结肠癌转移到远处器官引起,而肝转移是CRC患者的主要死因.合适的动物模型是研究CRC的转移机制、评估其临床前期治疗效果的基础.CRC肝转移的原位移植模型具有相似度高,更能体现人类CRC肝转移的特征.本文我们就结肠癌肝转移原位移植模型作一综述.
Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a malignancy with high incidence and mortality, and its high mortality rate is mainly attributed to metastases, with liver metastasis being the main cause of death. Appropriate animal models can provide a basis for studying the metastatic mechanism of colorectal cancerand assessing pre-clinical therapeutic effects. Orthotopic transplantation models that simulate colorectal cancer with liver metastases can better reflect the characteristic of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. In this article, we review orthotopic transplantation models of liver metastases of colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a malignancy with high incidence and mortality, and its high mortality rate is mainly attributed to metastases, with liver metastasis being the main cause of death. Appropriate animal models can provide a basis for studying the metastatic mechanism of colorectal cancerand assessing pre-clinical therapeutic effects. Orthotopic transplantation models that simulate colorectal cancer with liver metastases can better reflect the characteristic of liver metastasis in colorectal cancer. In this article, we review orthotopic transplantation models of liver metastases of colorectal cancer.
引文
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3 Boyle P,Levin B.World cancer report 2008.Lyon:International Agency for Research on Cancer,2008.Available from:URL:http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wcr/2008/wcr_2008.pdf
4 Douaiher J,Ravipati A,Grams B,Chowdhury S,Alatise O,Are C.Colorectal cancer-global burden,trends,and geographical variations.J Surg Oncol 2017;115:619-630[PMID:28194798 DOI:10.1002/jso.24578]
5王宁,孙婷婷,郑荣寿,张思维,陈万青.中国2009年结直肠癌发病和死亡资料分析.中国肿瘤2013;22:515-520
6 Gu MJ,Huang QC,Bao CZ,Li YJ,Li XQ,Ye D,Ye ZH,Chen K,Wang JB.Attributable causes of colorectal cancer in China.BMC Cancer 2018;18:38[PMID:29304763 DOI:10.1186/s12885-017-3968-z]
7 Ruers T,Bleichrodt RP.Treatment of liver metastases,an update on the possibilities and results.Eur J Cancer2002;38:1023-1033[PMID:11978527 DOI:10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00059-X]
8于淼,张洪海,贺志坚,叶晋生,高建新,王啸飞,梁燕凯,路夷平.大肠癌肝转移的相关因素及手术治疗效果的回顾性分析.中华结直肠疾病电子杂志2017;6:249-252
9 Konopke R,Roth J,Volk A,Pistorius S,Folprecht G,Zophel K,Schuetze C,Laniado M,Saeger HD,Kersting S.Colorectal liver metastases:an update on palliative treatment options.J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2012;21:83-91[PMID:22457864]
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15杨剑锋,张森,高枫,陈利生.结直肠癌肝转移动物模型的建立.结直肠肛门外科2009;15:139-143
16 Guenot D,Guérin E,Aguillon-Romain S,Pencreach E,Schneider A,Neuville A,Chenard MP,Duluc I,Du Manoir S,Brigand C,Oudet P,Kedinger M,Gaub MP.Primary tumour genetic alterations and intra-tumoral heterogeneity are maintained in xenografts of human colon cancers showing chromosome instability.J Pathol 2006;208:643-652[PMID:16450341 DOI:10.1002/path.1936]
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19 Zigmond E,Halpern Z,Elinav E,Brazowski E,Jung S,Varol C.Utilization of murine colonoscopy for orthotopic implantation of colorectal cancer.PLoS One 2011;6:e28858[PMID:22174916 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0028858]
20 Nambiar PR,Girnun G,Lillo NA,Guda K,Whiteley HE,Rosenberg DW.Preliminary analysis of azoxymethane induced colon tumors in inbred mice commonly used as transgenic/knockout progenitors.Int J Oncol 2003;22:145-150[PMID:12469197]
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22李凌云,张斌豪,张必翔.结肠癌原位瘤模型方法探讨.腹部外科2016;29:314-318
23 Roper J,Hung KE.Priceless GEMMs:genetically engineered mouse models for colorectal cancer drug development.Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012;33:449-455[PMID:22739258 DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2012.05.001]
24 Moser AR,Pitot HC,Dove WF.A dominant mutation that predisposes to multiple intestinal neoplasia in the mouse.Science 1990;247:322-324[PMID:2296722]
25刘志鹏,欧阳国庆,熊力,刘忠涛,邓小峰,苗雄鹰,文宇.小鼠活体肠镜平台的建立及其在肠道微腺瘤小鼠模型中的应用.中国普通外科杂志2014;12:1652-1657
26 Suman S,Kumar S,Moon BH,Fornace AJ Jr,Kallakury BVS,Datta K.Increased Transgenerational Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Offspring of Ionizing Radiation Exposed Parent APC1638N/+Mice.J Cancer 2017;8:1769-1773[PMID:28819373 DOI:10.7150/jca.17803]
27 Colnot S,Niwa-Kawakita M,Hamard G,Godard C,Le Plenier S,Houbron C,Romagnolo B,Berrebi D,Giovannini M,Perret C.Colorectal cancers in a new mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis:influence of genetic and environmental modifiers.Lab Invest 2004;84:1619-1630[PMID:15502862 DOI:10.1038/labinvest.3700180]
28 Gierut JJ,Jacks TE,Haigis KM.Strategies to achieve conditional gene mutation in mice.Cold Spring Harb Protoc2014;2014:339-349[PMID:24692485 DOI:10.1101/pdb.top069807]
29 Gu H,Marth JD,Orban PC,Mossmann H,Rajewsky K.Deletion of a DNA polymerase beta gene segment in T cells using cell type-specific gene targeting.Science 1994;265:103-106[PMID:8016642 DOI:10.1126/science.8016642]
30 Taketo MM,Edelmann W.Mouse models of colon cancer.Gastroenterology 2009;136:780-798[PMID:19263594 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.049]
31 Ruggeri BA,Camp F,Miknyoczki S.Animal models of disease:pre-clinical animal models of cancer and their applications and utility in drug discovery.Biochem Pharmacol 2014;87:150-161[PMID:23817077 DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.020]
32 Bos PD,Nguyen DX,MassaguéJ.Modeling metastasis in the mouse.Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010;10:571-577[PMID:20598638 DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2010.06.003]
33 Gillet JP,Gottesman MM.Methods in molecular biology.Methods Mol Med 2010;596:47-76
34 Zhang Y,Davis C,Ryan J,Janney C,Pena MM.Development and characterization of a reliable mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver.Clin Exp Metastasis 2013;30:903-918[PMID:23748471 DOI:10.1007/s10585-013-9591-8]
35 Pica F,Balestrieri E,Serafino A,Sorrentino R,Gaziano R,Moroni G,Moroni N,Palmieri G,Mattei M,Garaci E,SinibaldiVallebona P.Antitumor effects of the benzophenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine in a rat syngeneic model of colorectal cancer.Anticancer Drugs 2012;23:32-42[PMID:21849887 DOI:10.1097/CAD.0b013e32834a0c8e]
36陈冲,闫智勇.结肠癌肝转移动物模型研究进展.现代中西医结合杂志2012;21:98-100
37 Donigan M,Loh BD,Norcross LS,Li S,Williamson PR,DeJesus S,Ferrara A,Gallagher JT,Baker CH.A metastatic colon cancer model using nonoperative transanal rectal injection.Surg Endosc 2010;24:642-647[PMID:19688392DOI:10.1007/s00464-009-0650-9]
38 de Jong GM,Aarts F,Hendriks T,Boerman OC,Bleichrodt RP.Animal models for liver metastases of colorectal cancer:research review of preclinical studies in rodents.JSurg Res 2009;154:167-176[PMID:18694579 DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.038]
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2 Hajiaghaalipour F,Faraj FL,Bagheri E,Ali HM,Abdulla MA,Majid NA.Synthesis and Characterization of a New Benzoindole Derivative with Apoptotic Activity Against Colon Cancer Cells.Curr Pharm Des 2017;23:6358-6365[PMID:28325143 DOI:10.2174/1381612823666170321093345]
3 Boyle P,Levin B.World cancer report 2008.Lyon:International Agency for Research on Cancer,2008.Available from:URL:http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/wcr/2008/wcr_2008.pdf
4 Douaiher J,Ravipati A,Grams B,Chowdhury S,Alatise O,Are C.Colorectal cancer-global burden,trends,and geographical variations.J Surg Oncol 2017;115:619-630[PMID:28194798 DOI:10.1002/jso.24578]
5王宁,孙婷婷,郑荣寿,张思维,陈万青.中国2009年结直肠癌发病和死亡资料分析.中国肿瘤2013;22:515-520
6 Gu MJ,Huang QC,Bao CZ,Li YJ,Li XQ,Ye D,Ye ZH,Chen K,Wang JB.Attributable causes of colorectal cancer in China.BMC Cancer 2018;18:38[PMID:29304763 DOI:10.1186/s12885-017-3968-z]
7 Ruers T,Bleichrodt RP.Treatment of liver metastases,an update on the possibilities and results.Eur J Cancer2002;38:1023-1033[PMID:11978527 DOI:10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00059-X]
8于淼,张洪海,贺志坚,叶晋生,高建新,王啸飞,梁燕凯,路夷平.大肠癌肝转移的相关因素及手术治疗效果的回顾性分析.中华结直肠疾病电子杂志2017;6:249-252
9 Konopke R,Roth J,Volk A,Pistorius S,Folprecht G,Zophel K,Schuetze C,Laniado M,Saeger HD,Kersting S.Colorectal liver metastases:an update on palliative treatment options.J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2012;21:83-91[PMID:22457864]
10 Adam R,de Gramont A,Figueras J,Kokudo N,Kunstlinger F,Loyer E,Poston G,Rougier P,Rubbia-Brandt L,Sobrero A,Teh C,Tejpar S,Van Cutsem E,Vauthey JN,P録lman L;of the EGOSLIM(Expert Group on OncoSurgery management of LIver Metastases)group.Managing synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer:a multidisciplinary international consensus.Cancer Treat Rev 2015;41:729-741[PMID:26417845 DOI:10.1016/j.ctrv.2015.06.006]
11 van Duijnhoven FH,Rovers JP,Engelmann K,Krajina Z,Purkiss SF,Zoetmulder FA,Vogl TJ,Terpstra OT.Photodynamic therapy with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(mhydroxyphenyl)bacteriochlorin for colorectal liver metastases is safe and feasible:results from a phase I study.Ann Surg Oncol 2005;12:808-816[PMID:16132377 DOI:10.1245/ASO.2005.09.005]
12钟芸诗,许剑民.结直肠癌肝转移的综合治疗.中国实用外科杂志2008;21:1048-1051
13 Rajput A,Agarwal E,Leiphrakpam P,Brattain MG,Chowdhury S.Establishment and Validation of an Orthotopic Metastatic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer.ISRN Hepatol 2013;2013:206875[PMID:27340651 DOI:10.1155/2013/206875]
14项亮亮,侯杰,王婕,焦成斌.小鼠肝癌原位移植模型的建立及其意义的研究.黑龙江医药科学2015;38:48-49
15杨剑锋,张森,高枫,陈利生.结直肠癌肝转移动物模型的建立.结直肠肛门外科2009;15:139-143
16 Guenot D,Guérin E,Aguillon-Romain S,Pencreach E,Schneider A,Neuville A,Chenard MP,Duluc I,Du Manoir S,Brigand C,Oudet P,Kedinger M,Gaub MP.Primary tumour genetic alterations and intra-tumoral heterogeneity are maintained in xenografts of human colon cancers showing chromosome instability.J Pathol 2006;208:643-652[PMID:16450341 DOI:10.1002/path.1936]
17 Kopetz S,Lesslie DP,Dallas NA,Park SI,Johnson M,Parikh NU,Kim MP,Abbruzzese JL,Ellis LM,Chandra J,Gallick GE.Synergistic activity of the SRC family kinase inhibitor dasatinib and oxaliplatin in colon carcinoma cells is mediated by oxidative stress.Cancer Res 2009;69:3842-3849[PMID:19383922 DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-2246]
18 Francia G,Cruz-Munoz W,Man S,Xu P,Kerbel RS.Mouse models of advanced spontaneous metastasis for experimental therapeutics.Nat Rev Cancer 2011;11:135-141[PMID:21258397 DOI:10.1038/nrc3001]
19 Zigmond E,Halpern Z,Elinav E,Brazowski E,Jung S,Varol C.Utilization of murine colonoscopy for orthotopic implantation of colorectal cancer.PLoS One 2011;6:e28858[PMID:22174916 DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0028858]
20 Nambiar PR,Girnun G,Lillo NA,Guda K,Whiteley HE,Rosenberg DW.Preliminary analysis of azoxymethane induced colon tumors in inbred mice commonly used as transgenic/knockout progenitors.Int J Oncol 2003;22:145-150[PMID:12469197]
21 Boivin GP,Washington K,Yang K,Ward JM,Pretlow TP,Russell R,Besselsen DG,Godfrey VL,Doetschman T,Dove WF,Pitot HC,Halberg RB,Itzkowitz SH,Groden J,Coffey RJ.Pathology of mouse models of intestinal cancer:consensus report and recommendations.Gastroenterology2003;124:762-777[PMID:12612914 DOI:10.1053/gast.2003.50094]
22李凌云,张斌豪,张必翔.结肠癌原位瘤模型方法探讨.腹部外科2016;29:314-318
23 Roper J,Hung KE.Priceless GEMMs:genetically engineered mouse models for colorectal cancer drug development.Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012;33:449-455[PMID:22739258 DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2012.05.001]
24 Moser AR,Pitot HC,Dove WF.A dominant mutation that predisposes to multiple intestinal neoplasia in the mouse.Science 1990;247:322-324[PMID:2296722]
25刘志鹏,欧阳国庆,熊力,刘忠涛,邓小峰,苗雄鹰,文宇.小鼠活体肠镜平台的建立及其在肠道微腺瘤小鼠模型中的应用.中国普通外科杂志2014;12:1652-1657
26 Suman S,Kumar S,Moon BH,Fornace AJ Jr,Kallakury BVS,Datta K.Increased Transgenerational Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Offspring of Ionizing Radiation Exposed Parent APC1638N/+Mice.J Cancer 2017;8:1769-1773[PMID:28819373 DOI:10.7150/jca.17803]
27 Colnot S,Niwa-Kawakita M,Hamard G,Godard C,Le Plenier S,Houbron C,Romagnolo B,Berrebi D,Giovannini M,Perret C.Colorectal cancers in a new mouse model of familial adenomatous polyposis:influence of genetic and environmental modifiers.Lab Invest 2004;84:1619-1630[PMID:15502862 DOI:10.1038/labinvest.3700180]
28 Gierut JJ,Jacks TE,Haigis KM.Strategies to achieve conditional gene mutation in mice.Cold Spring Harb Protoc2014;2014:339-349[PMID:24692485 DOI:10.1101/pdb.top069807]
29 Gu H,Marth JD,Orban PC,Mossmann H,Rajewsky K.Deletion of a DNA polymerase beta gene segment in T cells using cell type-specific gene targeting.Science 1994;265:103-106[PMID:8016642 DOI:10.1126/science.8016642]
30 Taketo MM,Edelmann W.Mouse models of colon cancer.Gastroenterology 2009;136:780-798[PMID:19263594 DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2008.12.049]
31 Ruggeri BA,Camp F,Miknyoczki S.Animal models of disease:pre-clinical animal models of cancer and their applications and utility in drug discovery.Biochem Pharmacol 2014;87:150-161[PMID:23817077 DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.020]
32 Bos PD,Nguyen DX,MassaguéJ.Modeling metastasis in the mouse.Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010;10:571-577[PMID:20598638 DOI:10.1016/j.coph.2010.06.003]
33 Gillet JP,Gottesman MM.Methods in molecular biology.Methods Mol Med 2010;596:47-76
34 Zhang Y,Davis C,Ryan J,Janney C,Pena MM.Development and characterization of a reliable mouse model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver.Clin Exp Metastasis 2013;30:903-918[PMID:23748471 DOI:10.1007/s10585-013-9591-8]
35 Pica F,Balestrieri E,Serafino A,Sorrentino R,Gaziano R,Moroni G,Moroni N,Palmieri G,Mattei M,Garaci E,SinibaldiVallebona P.Antitumor effects of the benzophenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine in a rat syngeneic model of colorectal cancer.Anticancer Drugs 2012;23:32-42[PMID:21849887 DOI:10.1097/CAD.0b013e32834a0c8e]
36陈冲,闫智勇.结肠癌肝转移动物模型研究进展.现代中西医结合杂志2012;21:98-100
37 Donigan M,Loh BD,Norcross LS,Li S,Williamson PR,DeJesus S,Ferrara A,Gallagher JT,Baker CH.A metastatic colon cancer model using nonoperative transanal rectal injection.Surg Endosc 2010;24:642-647[PMID:19688392DOI:10.1007/s00464-009-0650-9]
38 de Jong GM,Aarts F,Hendriks T,Boerman OC,Bleichrodt RP.Animal models for liver metastases of colorectal cancer:research review of preclinical studies in rodents.JSurg Res 2009;154:167-176[PMID:18694579 DOI:10.1016/j.jss.2008.03.038]
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