25%吡螺脲硫酸盐可湿性粉剂杀灭湖北钉螺滇川亚种的效果评价
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摘要
目的评价吡螺脲在云南大山区的杀螺效果和对鱼类的急性毒性,为该药在云南省血吸虫病流行区推广应用提供科学依据。方法在云南省大理州实验室和有螺现场,采用浸杀法和喷洒法开展25%吡螺脲硫酸盐可湿性粉剂(25%PBU)对湖北钉螺滇川亚种的杀灭试验,并观察对鲤鱼的急性毒性。以50%氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂(50%WPNES)为药物对照组。结果 25%PBU室内浸杀钉螺1、2、3 d的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.47、0.25、0.23 mg/L,90%致死浓度(LC90)分别为1.54、0.61、0.49 mg/L;1.0 mg/L 25%PBU浸杀1 d的杀螺效果与1.0 mg/L 50%WPNES对照组相当。4.0 g/m~225%PBU室内喷洒1、3、7 d的钉螺死亡率分别为64.23%、96.67%和100.00%,与1.0 g/m~250%WPNES杀螺效果差异无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。1、2、4 g/m~325%PBU现场浸杀1 d后钉螺死亡率分别为90.00%、93.33%和100.00%,与1.0 g/m~350%WPNES浸杀效果差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。2.0 g/m~2和4.0 g/m~225%PBU现场喷洒3 d后钉螺死亡率分别为86.36%和87.72%,与1.0 g/m~250%WPNES灭螺效果差异均无统计学意义(P均> 0.05)。25%PBU对鲤鱼苗24、48、72 h的LC50值分别为29.38、24.62、23.38 mg/L;72 h观察期内,17.5 mg/L及以下浓度组未发现鱼苗死亡现象。结论 25%PBU是一种可应用于鱼塘等环境灭螺的生态保护型新型杀螺剂,其在云南省血吸虫病流行区现场浸杀灭螺的建议剂量为1 g/m~3,喷洒灭螺建议剂量为2 g/m~2。
Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activity of a novel molluscicide pyriclobenzuron against Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni in the mountain regions of Yunan Province, and test its toxicity to fish, so as to provide scientific evidence for the extensive application of this molluscicide in schistosomiasis-endemic foci of Yunan Province. Methods In the laboratory and snail-breeding field of Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the molluscicidal activity of 5% wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate(25% PBU) against O. hupensis robertsoni was assessed by using the immersion and spraying method, and the acute toxicity of 25% PBU to carp fries was tested, while 25% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(50% WPNES) served as a control. Results The 1-, 2-and 3-day 25% PBU LC50 and LC90 values were 0.47, 0.25 and 0.23 mg/L, and 1.54, 0.61 and 0.49 mg/L for O. h. robertsoni by using the immersion method in laboratory, and immersion with 25% PBU at 1.0 mg/L for 1 day achieved a comparable molluscicidal efficacy in relative to 50% WPNES at 1.0 mg/L. Spraying with 25% PBU at 4.0 g/m~2 achieved 1-, 3-and 7-day snail mortalities of 64.23%, 96.67% and 100.00% in laboratory, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by treatment with 50% WPNES at 1.0 g/m~2(all P values > 0.05). One-day field immersion with25% PBU at doses of 1, 2 and 4 g/m~3 resulted in snail mortalities of 90.00%, 93.33% and 100.00%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by treatment with 50% WPNES at 1.0 g/m~3(all P values > 0.05), and 3-day field spray-ing with 25% PBU at doses of 2.0 and 4.0 g/m~2 caused snail mortalities of 86.36% and 87.72%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by 50% WPNES treatment(both P values > 0.05). The 24-, 48-and 72-hour LC50 values of25% PBU to carp fries were 29.38, 24.62 and 23.38 mg/L, respectively, and no fish death was observed within 72 hours of exposure to 25% PBU at a concentration of 17.5 mg/L and lower. Conclusion 25% PBU is a novel, highly potent and environmentfriendly molluscicide that is feasible in fish ponds, and the recommended dose is 1 g/m~3 for field immersion and 2 g/m~2 for field spraying in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province.
Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal activity of a novel molluscicide pyriclobenzuron against Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni in the mountain regions of Yunan Province, and test its toxicity to fish, so as to provide scientific evidence for the extensive application of this molluscicide in schistosomiasis-endemic foci of Yunan Province. Methods In the laboratory and snail-breeding field of Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, the molluscicidal activity of 5% wettable powder of pyriclobenzuron sulphate(25% PBU) against O. hupensis robertsoni was assessed by using the immersion and spraying method, and the acute toxicity of 25% PBU to carp fries was tested, while 25% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt(50% WPNES) served as a control. Results The 1-, 2-and 3-day 25% PBU LC50 and LC90 values were 0.47, 0.25 and 0.23 mg/L, and 1.54, 0.61 and 0.49 mg/L for O. h. robertsoni by using the immersion method in laboratory, and immersion with 25% PBU at 1.0 mg/L for 1 day achieved a comparable molluscicidal efficacy in relative to 50% WPNES at 1.0 mg/L. Spraying with 25% PBU at 4.0 g/m~2 achieved 1-, 3-and 7-day snail mortalities of 64.23%, 96.67% and 100.00% in laboratory, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by treatment with 50% WPNES at 1.0 g/m~2(all P values > 0.05). One-day field immersion with25% PBU at doses of 1, 2 and 4 g/m~3 resulted in snail mortalities of 90.00%, 93.33% and 100.00%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by treatment with 50% WPNES at 1.0 g/m~3(all P values > 0.05), and 3-day field spray-ing with 25% PBU at doses of 2.0 and 4.0 g/m~2 caused snail mortalities of 86.36% and 87.72%, respectively, which were not significantly different from those caused by 50% WPNES treatment(both P values > 0.05). The 24-, 48-and 72-hour LC50 values of25% PBU to carp fries were 29.38, 24.62 and 23.38 mg/L, respectively, and no fish death was observed within 72 hours of exposure to 25% PBU at a concentration of 17.5 mg/L and lower. Conclusion 25% PBU is a novel, highly potent and environmentfriendly molluscicide that is feasible in fish ponds, and the recommended dose is 1 g/m~3 for field immersion and 2 g/m~2 for field spraying in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province.
引文
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[13]许静,吕山,曹淳力,等.我国血吸虫病消除工作进展及面临的挑战[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(6):605-609.
[14]洪志华.湖北省血吸虫病消除工作面临的主要挑战[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(6):685-687.
[15]周晓农,李石柱,洪青标,等.不忘初心送瘟神科学防治谱新篇[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(1):1-4.
[16]李石柱,许静,吕山,等.地方病防治专项三年攻坚行动方案(2018-2020年)》解读:血吸虫病[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(6):601-604.
[17]Wang W,Mao Q,Yao J,et al.Discovery of the pyridylphenylureas as novel molluscicides against the invasive snail Biomphalaria straminea,intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni[J].Parasit Vectors,2018,11(1):291.
[18]中华人民共和国农业部.GB/T 31270.5-2014化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:72-73.
[2]Yuan Y,Xu XJ,Dong HF,et al.Transmission control of schistosomiasis japonica:implementation and evaluation of different snail control interventions[J].Acta Trop,2005,96(2/3):191-197.
[3]吴向阳,仰榴青,张联恒,等.灭螺药物研究进展[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2006,18(6):474-476.
[4]Li H,Wang W.Apropos:critical analysis of molluscicide application in schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil[J].Infect Dis Poverty,2017,6(1):54.
[5]操治国,汪天平.我国药物灭螺研究进展[J].国际医学寄生虫病杂志,2008,35(5):276-280.
[6]徐世芳,王晗,姜丽霞.氯硝柳胺不同剂型及其灭螺的研究进展[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2005,17(6):478-480.
[7]Chen Z,Wang W,Yao J,et al.Toxicity of a molluscicide candidate PPU07 against Oncomelania hupensis(Gredler,1881)and local fish in field evaluation[J].Chemosphere,2019,222:56-61.
[8]戴建荣,张燕萍,姜玉骥,等.杀螺剂室内筛选实验方法标准化的研究Ⅰ药液体积对杀螺效果的影响[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2002,14(2):122-124.
[9]戴建荣,奚伟萍,梁幼生,等.杀螺剂室内筛选实验方法标准化的研究Ⅱ不同钉螺数对杀螺实验的影响[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2002,14(4):263-265.
[10]Wang X,Wang W,Wang P.Long-term effectiveness of the integrated schistosomiasis control strategy with emphasis on infectious source control in China:a 10-year evaluation from 2005 to 2014[J].Parasitol Res,2017,116(2):521-528.
[11]Liu Y,Zhong B,Wu ZS,et al.Interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in mountainous and hilly regions with an integrated strategy:a longitudinal case study in Sichuan,China[J].Infect Dis Poverty,2017,6(1):79.
[12]雷正龙,周晓农.消除血吸虫病——我国血吸虫病防治工作的新目标与新任务[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2015,27(1):1-4.
[13]许静,吕山,曹淳力,等.我国血吸虫病消除工作进展及面临的挑战[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(6):605-609.
[14]洪志华.湖北省血吸虫病消除工作面临的主要挑战[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(6):685-687.
[15]周晓农,李石柱,洪青标,等.不忘初心送瘟神科学防治谱新篇[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(1):1-4.
[16]李石柱,许静,吕山,等.地方病防治专项三年攻坚行动方案(2018-2020年)》解读:血吸虫病[J].中国血吸虫病防治杂志,2018,30(6):601-604.
[17]Wang W,Mao Q,Yao J,et al.Discovery of the pyridylphenylureas as novel molluscicides against the invasive snail Biomphalaria straminea,intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni[J].Parasit Vectors,2018,11(1):291.
[18]中华人民共和国农业部.GB/T 31270.5-2014化学农药环境安全评价试验准则[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014:72-73.