煤矿城市表层土壤As和Cd空间分布与污染评价
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摘要
以安徽省淮南市为研究对象,共采集99个土壤样品,分析土壤中As、Cd这2种重金属的含量,运用克里金插值法分析其空间分布情况,采用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数评价该地区重金属累积程度和生态危害程度,采用PMF5.0分析污染源。结果表明,该地区不同土地利用方式表层土壤中As、Cd超过淮南市土壤背景值的采样点占比分别为非矿区农田(As 0)、矿区农田(As 10.42%)、林地(As 12.50%)、城市土壤(As 15.38%)和城市土壤(Cd 7.69%)、非矿区农田(Cd 10.00%)、矿区农田(Cd 12.77%)、林地(Cd 31.25%);重金属As和Cd的污染区为凤台县矿区农田(煤矸石堆放点)、八公山林区和上窑林区;重金属地积累指数I_(geo)数据集中在0以下,属于无污染;As的潜在生态风险指数E■最大值<40,属于轻微污染。除八公山区的Cd的E■最大值>80,属于强污染外,其他部分属于轻度污染到中度污染。总的来说,淮南地区土壤重金属富集区域少,并没有因为采煤活动给土壤环境造成重大影响。
Huainan City in Anhui Province was selected as research area,99 soil samples were sampled to analyze the content of heavy metals arsenic and cadmium,their spatial distribution situation were analyzed by Kriging interpolation method,the degree of heavy metals accumulation and ecological hazard in this area were evaluated by the geo-accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index,and the source of pollution was analyzed by PMF 5.0 method.The result showed the percentage respectively of sampling points which arsenic or cadmium content was higher than the background value in Huainan City in surface soil from different land-use option was non-mining area farmland(As 0%),mining area farmland(As 10.42%),wood land(As 12.50%),urban soil(As 15.38%) and urban soil(Cd 7.69%),non-mining area farmland(Cd 10.00%),mining area farmland(Cd 12.77%),wood land(Cd 31.25%); Fengtai mining area farmland(Coal gangue pile point),Bagongshan wood land and Shangyao wood land were pollution areas polluted by heavy metals arsenic and cadmium; the I_(geo) index concentrated below 0,which means non-pollution; the maximum E■ value of As<40,which means lightly pollution.Except the maximum E■ value of Cd in Bagongshan area> 80,which belongs to high pollution,all other areas belong to light to medium pollution.In general,the enrichment area of heavy metals in Huainan area was less,the activities of coal mining did not have a significant impact on the soil environment.
Huainan City in Anhui Province was selected as research area,99 soil samples were sampled to analyze the content of heavy metals arsenic and cadmium,their spatial distribution situation were analyzed by Kriging interpolation method,the degree of heavy metals accumulation and ecological hazard in this area were evaluated by the geo-accumulation index and the potential ecological risk index,and the source of pollution was analyzed by PMF 5.0 method.The result showed the percentage respectively of sampling points which arsenic or cadmium content was higher than the background value in Huainan City in surface soil from different land-use option was non-mining area farmland(As 0%),mining area farmland(As 10.42%),wood land(As 12.50%),urban soil(As 15.38%) and urban soil(Cd 7.69%),non-mining area farmland(Cd 10.00%),mining area farmland(Cd 12.77%),wood land(Cd 31.25%); Fengtai mining area farmland(Coal gangue pile point),Bagongshan wood land and Shangyao wood land were pollution areas polluted by heavy metals arsenic and cadmium; the I_(geo) index concentrated below 0,which means non-pollution; the maximum E■ value of As<40,which means lightly pollution.Except the maximum E■ value of Cd in Bagongshan area> 80,which belongs to high pollution,all other areas belong to light to medium pollution.In general,the enrichment area of heavy metals in Huainan area was less,the activities of coal mining did not have a significant impact on the soil environment.
引文
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[3] SANTOS-FRANCéS F,MARTíNEZ-GRA■,et al.Spatial distribution of heavy metals and the environmental quality of soil in the Northern Plateau of Spain by geostatistical methods[J].International journal of environmental research & public health,2017,14(6):1-20.
[4] LIU Y,LEI S G,CHEN X Y.Assessment of heavy metal pollution and human health risk in urban soils of a coal mining city in East China[J].Human & ecological risk assessment an international journal,2016,22(6):1359-1374.
[5] LI S Y,JIA Z M.Heavy metals in soils from a representative rapidly developing megacity (SW China):Levels,source identification and apportionment[J].Catena,2018,163:414-423.
[6] ZHANG J R,LI H Z,ZHOU Y Z,et al.Bioavailability and soil-to-crop transfer of heavy metals in farmland soils:A case study in the Pearl River Delta,South China[J].Environmental pollution,2018,235:710-719.
[7] ANTONIADIS V,SHAHEEN S M,BOERSCH J,et al.Bioavailability and risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in garden edible vegetables and soils around a highly contaminated former mining area in Germany[J].Journal of environmental management,2017,186(Pt 2):192-200.
[8] QU C S,SUN K,WANG S R,et al.Monte carlo simulation-based health risk assessment of heavy metal soil pollution:A case study in the Qixia mining area,China[J].Human & ecological risk assessment an international journal,2012,18(4):733-750.
[9] LIU G N,WANG J,LIU X,et al.Partitioning and geochemical fractions of heavy metals from geogenic and anthropogenic sources in various soil particle size fractions[J].Geoderma,2018,312:104-113.
[10] WANG G Y,ZHANG S R,XIAO L Y,et al.Heavy metals in soils from a typical industrial area in Sichuan,China:spatial distribution,source identification,and ecological risk assessment[J].Environmental science & pollution research,2017,24(1):1-13.
[11] LIANG J,FENG C T,ZENG G M,et al.Spatial distribution and source identification of heavy metals in surface soils in a typical coal mine city,Lianyuan,China[J].Environmental pollution,2017,225:681-690.
[12] LI K J,GU Y S,LI M Z,et al.Spatial analysis,source identification and risk assessment of heavy metals in a coal mining area in Henan,Central China[J].International biodeterioration & biodegradation,2018,128:148-154.
[13] 李洪伟,颜事龙,崔龙鹏.淮南新集矿区土壤重金属污染评价[J].矿业安全与环保,2008,35(1):36-37,46.
[14] 郑永红,张治国,姚多喜,等.煤矿复垦区土壤重金属含量时空分布及富集特征研究[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1476-1483.
[15] 卢岚岚,刘桂建,王兴明,等.淮南顾桥矿土壤环境中微量元素的分布及其生态风险评价[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2014,44(2):119-127.
[16] 江培龙,方凤满,张杰琼,等.淮南煤矿复垦区土壤重金属形态分布及污染评价[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):178-182.
[17] 王兴明,董众兵,刘桂建,等.Zn,Pb,Cd,Cu在淮南新庄孜煤矿矸石山附近土壤和作物中分布特征[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2012,42(1):17-25.
[18] 陈兴仁,陈富荣,贾十军,等.安徽省江淮流域土壤地球化学基准值与背景值研究[J].中国地质,2012,39(2):302-310.