江苏省连云港市前三岛附近海域地球化学特征及风险指标探讨
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摘要
通过对前三岛海域进行海底沉积物和海水地球化学调查,研究了26项地球化学指标分布特征。结果显示,该海域沉积物中大部分指标属于均匀型分布且与背景值总体接近,海底沉积物及海水质量总体良好,但局部地点也存在部分指标含量较高,甚至个别指标超标的现象,存在生态风险。鉴于此,经过相关评价初步圈定了该海域的3块(点)风险区和潜在风险区位置,明确了As和Pb为风险指标,Cd、Ba、Mn O等为潜在风险指标,对前三岛海域沉积物质量分为清洁区、尚清洁区、轻度污染区3个级别,并尝试讨论As、Pb、Ba等风险及潜在风险指标的成因和演化趋势,为该区沿海开发利用提供了参考,为其他海域相关工作提供了借鉴。
Geochemical distribution characteristics of 26 geochemical indexes were studied based on the geochemical survey of submarine sediments and seawater in Qiansan Island,Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province.The results show that the evaluating results of most indexes are well-distributed and close to corresponding background values,and the quality of submarine sediments and seawater is good;nevertheless,a few locations of the sea area exhibit relatively high evaluating values of different indexes,some of them have the potential environmental risk,and a few of the heavy metals exceed the environmental standards. On such a basis,3 risky areas( blocks or locations) and some potential risky locations were preliminarily delineated,and risky indexes such as As and Pb and some other potential risky indexes containing Cd,Ba,Mn O were successfully determined.The qualities of the sediments in this area are classified into 3 levels,i.e.,clear level,sub-clear level and weakly contaminated level.The original source and evolutionary trends of some risky and potential risky indexes such as As,Pb and Ba are tentatively discussed with the purpose of providing some preliminary models or recommended plans for prompting the future construction and other activities in the coastal area of Jiangsu Province.
Geochemical distribution characteristics of 26 geochemical indexes were studied based on the geochemical survey of submarine sediments and seawater in Qiansan Island,Lianyungang,Jiangsu Province.The results show that the evaluating results of most indexes are well-distributed and close to corresponding background values,and the quality of submarine sediments and seawater is good;nevertheless,a few locations of the sea area exhibit relatively high evaluating values of different indexes,some of them have the potential environmental risk,and a few of the heavy metals exceed the environmental standards. On such a basis,3 risky areas( blocks or locations) and some potential risky locations were preliminarily delineated,and risky indexes such as As and Pb and some other potential risky indexes containing Cd,Ba,Mn O were successfully determined.The qualities of the sediments in this area are classified into 3 levels,i.e.,clear level,sub-clear level and weakly contaminated level.The original source and evolutionary trends of some risky and potential risky indexes such as As,Pb and Ba are tentatively discussed with the purpose of providing some preliminary models or recommended plans for prompting the future construction and other activities in the coastal area of Jiangsu Province.
引文
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[35]徐刚,刘健,孔祥淮,等.南黄海西部陆架区表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(2):181-185.
[36]廖启林,范迪富,金洋,等.江苏农田土壤生态环境调查与评价[J].江苏地质,2006,30(1):32-40.
[37]廖启林,刘聪,金洋,等.江苏土壤地球化学分区[J].地质学刊,2011,35(3):225-235.
[38]王成李,文青,李倩,等.长江下游南京段典型潮土镉富集以及生物有效性影响因素研究[J].2015,34(2):274-281.
[39]Redfield A,Ketchum B,Richards F.The influence of organisms on the compostion of seawater[C]//New York:The Sea,1963:26-77.
[40]Meyers P A.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnlogic and paleoclimatic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,1997,27:213-250.
[41]陈其焕,吴省三,庄亮钟,等.重金属对海洋围隔生态系中初级生产力的影响[J].海洋学报,1988,10(2):222-227.
[42]黄邦钦,柳欣.边缘海浮游生态系统对生物泵的调控作用[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(3):385-393.
[43]廖启林,刘聪,许艳,等.江苏省土壤元素地球化学基准值[J].中国地质,2011,38(5):1363-1377.
[44]Li Q,Cheng H,Zhou T,et al.The estimated atmosphericlead emissions in China 1990-2009[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,60:1-8.
[45]Streets D G,Hao J,Wu Y,et al.Anthropogenic mercury emissions in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(40):7789-7806.
[2]廖启林,华明,金洋,等.江苏省土壤重金属分布特征与污染源初步研究[J].中国地质,2009,36(5):1163-1174.
[3]薛怀友,顾礼敬,臧小豹,等.江苏省连云港市部分岛屿与周围海域环境地质调查与评价报告[R].江苏省地质勘查技术院,2014.
[4]DZ/T0167-2006区域地球化学勘查规范[S].
[5]DD2005-01多目标区域地球化学调查规范[S].
[6]DD2005-03生态地球化学评价样品分析技术(试行)[S].
[7]US EPA 8081B,EPA 808有机氯气相色谱法[S].
[8]GB/T15406-2010硅酸盐岩石化学分析方法[S].
[9]迟清华,鄢明才.应用地球化学元素风度数据手册[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:96-97.
[10]赵建如,初凤友,杨克红,等.海南岛陆架海域表层沉积物常量元素分布趋势特征[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(1):1-7.
[11]刘英俊,曹励明,李兆麟,等.元素地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,1984.
[12]臧金生,王东晓,赵瑞强.化探异常定量评价[J].物探与化探,2015,38(6):1114-1118.
[13]臧金生,李诗言,蔡新明.化探中五个常用参数的应用[J].科技视界,2013(28):8-31.
[14]刘达章.环境优先污染物的研究及其在海洋环境监测中的应用[J].海洋环境科学,1992,11(4):84-90.
[15]岳巍,赵蔚苓,宋富,等.海洋环境中的重金属[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1992:2,72-73.
[16]张兰兰,陈木宏,陈忠,等.南海表层沉积物中的碳酸钙含量分布及其影响因素[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2013,5(6):891-898.
[17]余俊清,王小燕,李军,等.湖泊沉积有机碳同位素与环境变化的研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(1):72-78.
[18]GB18668-2002海洋沉积物质量[S].
[19]HJ_T 166-2004土壤环境监测技术规范[S].
[20]赵一阳,车承惠,杨惠兰,等.中国台湾浅滩海底沉积物中铁、锰、钛、磷元素的地球化学[J].地质学报,1981(2):118-126.
[21]王振强,刘春广,乔光建.氮、磷循环特征对水体富营养化影响分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2010,8(6):82-97.
[22]尹秀珍,刘万洙,蓝先洪.南黄海表层沉积物的碎屑矿物、地球化学特征及物源分析[J].吉林大学学报,2007,37(3):491-499.
[23]王绍芳,魏明瑞,林景星.大连湾近100年来重金属污染度的演变[J].地学前缘,2002,9(3):209-215.
[24]蓝先洪,王红霞,李日辉,等.南黄海沉积物常量元素组成及物源分析[J].地学前缘,2007,(14)4:197-203.
[25]韦钦胜,王保栋.南黄海冷水团海域及西部近岸区表层沉积物中碳、氮、磷的分布特征及其生态学指示意义[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(7):1697-1707.
[26]孙军.海洋浮游植物与渔业碳汇计量[J].渔业科学进展,2013,34(1):90-96.
[27]金性春.深海沉积物的来源、分类与矿物组成[J].海洋通报,1981(6):49-57.
[28]陈彬,刘健,范德江,等.中国东部海域底质沉积物中重金属研究现状[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2016,36(1):43-56.
[29]杨守业,李从先.长江与黄河沉积物元素组成及地质背景[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19(2):19-26.
[30]杨守业,Jung Hoi-Soo,李从先,等.黄河、长江与韩国Keum、Yeongsan江沉积物常量元素地球化学特征[J].地球化学,2004,33(1):99-105.
[31]赵一阳,鄢明才.黄河、长江、中国浅海沉积物化学元素丰度比较[J].科学通报,1992:1202-1204.
[32]杨守业,李从先,张家强.苏北滨海平原全新世沉积物物源研究——元素地球化学与重矿物方法比较[J].沉积学报,1999,17(3):458-463.
[33]王基华,王亮,孙风民,等.隐伏断层性状的汞地球化学标志研究[J].中国地震,1994,10(2):112-122.
[34]宋伟,陈百明,刘琳.中国耕地土壤重金属污染概况[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(2):293-298.
[35]徐刚,刘健,孔祥淮,等.南黄海西部陆架区表层沉积物重金属污染评价[J].海洋环境科学,2012,31(2):181-185.
[36]廖启林,范迪富,金洋,等.江苏农田土壤生态环境调查与评价[J].江苏地质,2006,30(1):32-40.
[37]廖启林,刘聪,金洋,等.江苏土壤地球化学分区[J].地质学刊,2011,35(3):225-235.
[38]王成李,文青,李倩,等.长江下游南京段典型潮土镉富集以及生物有效性影响因素研究[J].2015,34(2):274-281.
[39]Redfield A,Ketchum B,Richards F.The influence of organisms on the compostion of seawater[C]//New York:The Sea,1963:26-77.
[40]Meyers P A.Organic geochemical proxies of paleoceanographic,paleolimnlogic and paleoclimatic processes[J].Organic Geochemistry,1997,27:213-250.
[41]陈其焕,吴省三,庄亮钟,等.重金属对海洋围隔生态系中初级生产力的影响[J].海洋学报,1988,10(2):222-227.
[42]黄邦钦,柳欣.边缘海浮游生态系统对生物泵的调控作用[J].地球科学进展,2015,30(3):385-393.
[43]廖启林,刘聪,许艳,等.江苏省土壤元素地球化学基准值[J].中国地质,2011,38(5):1363-1377.
[44]Li Q,Cheng H,Zhou T,et al.The estimated atmosphericlead emissions in China 1990-2009[J].Atmospheric Environment,2012,60:1-8.
[45]Streets D G,Hao J,Wu Y,et al.Anthropogenic mercury emissions in China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(40):7789-7806.