一种定量堆放式马铃薯收获机的研制
|
摘要
为解决我国马铃薯收获机械明薯率低、伤薯率高及马铃薯收获后在田间被土埋没和散布造成的捡拾困难问题,设计了一种定量堆放式马铃薯收获机。该机通过三点悬挂装置与拖拉机相连,由拖拉机后动力输出轴提供动力,由挖掘机构进行薯块挖掘;在偏心凸轮抖动装置的作用下,由链杆式分离输送器进行薯土分离。同时,设计了一种定量堆放装置,能够在马铃薯收获后将薯块定量地在田间一侧堆放。该机可一次性完成挖掘、输送、薯土分离及定量堆放等作业。试验表明:当分离输送器线速度为1. 5m/s、偏心凸轮振幅为15mm、转动频率为2.5Hz时,既能保证薯块破损程度最低,又能保证较好的薯土分离效果,为最优设计组合。田间试验测定表明:薯率为96.4%,伤薯率为3.8%,每堆薯块平均堆放质量为19.5kg,定量堆放效果良好,各项指标均满足要求。
In order to solve the problems of low potato-exposing rate and high potato-damaging rate of potato harvest machinery and difficult collecting problem after harvest,a quantitative stacking type of potato harvester was designed. The machine was connected to the tractor by a three-point suspension and PTO shaft of the tractor is connected to input shaft of the transmission through the universal join. Potatoes are dig out by excavation device. Under the vibration influence of the eccentric CAM shaking device,the chain bar type separation conveyor completed the junior separation of potato and soil. A quantitative stacking device was designed and potato went into quantitative stacking device,and would be piled up on one side of the field by weight. The machine could complete the job of mining,conveying,separating of potato and soil,and stacking quantitatively at one time. Field experiments showed that When speed of the separation conveyor line was 1.5 m/s,eccentric CAM amplitude was 15 mm,and the rotation frequency was 2.5 Hz,damage degree of potato can be ensured the lowest and separation effect of potato and soil could be guaranteed the best. In this condition,potato-exposing rate was 96.4%,potato-damaging rate was 3.8%,and the quantitative stacking effect is good whose weight of average pipe of potato was 19.5 kg. And all the indexes of this machine met the design requirements.
In order to solve the problems of low potato-exposing rate and high potato-damaging rate of potato harvest machinery and difficult collecting problem after harvest,a quantitative stacking type of potato harvester was designed. The machine was connected to the tractor by a three-point suspension and PTO shaft of the tractor is connected to input shaft of the transmission through the universal join. Potatoes are dig out by excavation device. Under the vibration influence of the eccentric CAM shaking device,the chain bar type separation conveyor completed the junior separation of potato and soil. A quantitative stacking device was designed and potato went into quantitative stacking device,and would be piled up on one side of the field by weight. The machine could complete the job of mining,conveying,separating of potato and soil,and stacking quantitatively at one time. Field experiments showed that When speed of the separation conveyor line was 1.5 m/s,eccentric CAM amplitude was 15 mm,and the rotation frequency was 2.5 Hz,damage degree of potato can be ensured the lowest and separation effect of potato and soil could be guaranteed the best. In this condition,potato-exposing rate was 96.4%,potato-damaging rate was 3.8%,and the quantitative stacking effect is good whose weight of average pipe of potato was 19.5 kg. And all the indexes of this machine met the design requirements.
引文
[1]史明明,魏宏安.国内外马铃薯收获机械发展现状[J].农机化研究,2013,35(10):213-217.
[2]赵达,王士军,李学强,等.侧输出马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农机化研究,2016,38(8):101-104.
[3]安思民,白淑霞,冯学赞,等.试论我国马铃薯产业化的发展道[J].马铃薯杂志,2000,14(1):46-47.
[4]戚江涛,蒙贺伟,李成松,等.马铃薯收获机的设计与研制[J].农机化研究,2018,40(2):124-127.
[5]王学军,蒋金林.小型薯类联合收获机设计与田间试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(2):176-178.
[6]岑海堂,樊万本,刘建兰,等.浅谈马铃薯收获机械的现状与发展[J].农业机械,2001(4):22-23.
[7]单爱军,刘俊杰,崔冰冰.马铃薯收获机现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2006(4):19-20.
[8]鲁振.小型马铃薯收获机械技术问题的探讨[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):26-28.
[9]魏宏安,王蒂,连文香,等.4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2013(1):11-17.
[10]周蓓.马铃薯研究现状与产业发展对策[J].上海农业学报,2008,24(3):89-92.
[11]江苏工学院.农业机械学:下册[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981:305.
[12]石林榕,吴建民,赵武云,等.圆盘栅式马铃薯挖掘机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012(24):15-21.
[13]王福义.4U-2型马铃薯收获机被动式抖动轮结构形式探讨[J].农业科技与装备,2011(6):61-62.
[14]赵满全,赵士杰,余大庆,等.组合分离式马铃薯挖掘机设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2007(4):69-72.
[15]李益民,王传俊,王小瑜.4U-55型马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2014(9):69-71.
[16]陈长海,毕春辉,李明金,等.杆条式压力碎土马铃薯挖掘机的研制[J].农业装备技术,2011(5):27-28.
[17]杨莉.马铃薯挖掘机摆动分离筛的仿真与参数优化[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2009.
[18]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T648-2002马铃薯收获机作业质量评价技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.
[2]赵达,王士军,李学强,等.侧输出马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农机化研究,2016,38(8):101-104.
[3]安思民,白淑霞,冯学赞,等.试论我国马铃薯产业化的发展道[J].马铃薯杂志,2000,14(1):46-47.
[4]戚江涛,蒙贺伟,李成松,等.马铃薯收获机的设计与研制[J].农机化研究,2018,40(2):124-127.
[5]王学军,蒋金林.小型薯类联合收获机设计与田间试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(2):176-178.
[6]岑海堂,樊万本,刘建兰,等.浅谈马铃薯收获机械的现状与发展[J].农业机械,2001(4):22-23.
[7]单爱军,刘俊杰,崔冰冰.马铃薯收获机现状与发展趋势[J].农机化研究,2006(4):19-20.
[8]鲁振.小型马铃薯收获机械技术问题的探讨[J].农业技术与装备,2007(7):26-28.
[9]魏宏安,王蒂,连文香,等.4UFD-1400型马铃薯联合收获机的研制[J].农业工程学报,2013(1):11-17.
[10]周蓓.马铃薯研究现状与产业发展对策[J].上海农业学报,2008,24(3):89-92.
[11]江苏工学院.农业机械学:下册[M].北京:中国农业机械出版社,1981:305.
[12]石林榕,吴建民,赵武云,等.圆盘栅式马铃薯挖掘机的研制与试验[J].农业工程学报,2012(24):15-21.
[13]王福义.4U-2型马铃薯收获机被动式抖动轮结构形式探讨[J].农业科技与装备,2011(6):61-62.
[14]赵满全,赵士杰,余大庆,等.组合分离式马铃薯挖掘机设计与研究[J].农机化研究,2007(4):69-72.
[15]李益民,王传俊,王小瑜.4U-55型马铃薯收获机的设计[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2014(9):69-71.
[16]陈长海,毕春辉,李明金,等.杆条式压力碎土马铃薯挖掘机的研制[J].农业装备技术,2011(5):27-28.
[17]杨莉.马铃薯挖掘机摆动分离筛的仿真与参数优化[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古大学,2009.
[18]中华人民共和国农业部.中华人民共和国农业行业标准NY/T648-2002马铃薯收获机作业质量评价技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.