不同覆盖方式与调亏模式对梨枣产量及品质的影响
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摘要
为研究不同覆盖方式及调亏模式对梨枣树产量及品质的影响。通过2017年桶栽梨枣树试验,共设置不同覆盖(无覆盖、地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖)和不同调亏模式(充分灌溉、萌芽展叶期胁迫、开花坐果期胁迫、果实膨大期胁迫和果实成熟期胁迫)两个因素共15个处理。结果表明,地膜覆盖与秸秆覆盖处理均能增加桶栽梨枣的产量,相比无覆盖处理分别提高了41.5%和60.6%(p<0.05),同时,秸秆覆盖处理的产量略高于地膜覆盖处理,但之间并无显著差异。开花坐果期与果实膨大期进行水分胁迫会导致桶栽梨枣的产量显著降低,萌芽展叶期与果实成熟期适当的水分亏缺并不会显著影响桶栽梨枣的产量;果实成熟期进行水分胁迫可以显著提高桶栽梨枣的水分利用效率,相比充分灌溉处理提高了25.9%(p<0.05);两种覆盖方式均能有效改善梨枣的果实品质,且秸秆覆盖的改善效果更好;不同生育期水分胁迫对梨枣品质的改善作用强弱程度依次为果实成熟期>>果实膨大期>萌芽展叶期>开花坐果期。综合考虑,秸秆覆盖与果实成熟期对梨枣树进行水分胁迫处理能有效提高产量、改善品质,是本地区较优的梨枣树栽培管理方式。另外,不同处理对枣品质影响的偏好分析发现,在果实成熟期进行胁迫处理,对口感维度的各项因子均产生了较强的正效应,大幅度地提升了梨枣的果实品质,故推荐在果实成熟期进行胁迫处理,以增强果实品质。
In order to explore the influence of different mulching methods and RDI patterns on the yield and quality of Lizao jujube. In the 2017 Lizao jujube experiment, 15 treatments were set for different mulching(no cover, plastic film mulching, straw mulching)and different deficit models(full irrigation, bud burst to leafing stage stress, flowering to fruit set stage stress, fruit growth stage stress and fruit maturation stage stress). The results showed that the film mulching and straw mulching treatment could increase the yield of the Lizao jujube, which increased by 41.5% and 60.6%(p<0.05) compared with the uncovered treatment. At the same time, the yield of straw mulching treatment was slightly higher than that of the mulching film. At the same time, the yield of straw mulching treatment was slightly higher than that of mulching, but there was no significant difference. Water stress during flowering to fruit set stage and fruit growth stage resulted in a significant decrease in the yield of Lizao jujube. The water deficit during the bud burst to leafing stage and fruit maturation stage did not significantly affect the yield of potted pears. Water stress at the fruit maturation stage can significantly improve the water use efficiency(WUE) of Lizao jujube, which is 25.9% higher than that of full irrigation treatment(p<0.05). Both kinds of mulching methods can effectively improve the fruit quality of Lizao jujube,and the improvement effect of straw mulching is better. The effect level of water stress at different growth stages on the quality of Lizao jujube was fruit maturation stage >> fruit growth stage > bud burst to leafing stage > flowering to fruit set stage. In summary,straw mulching and fruit maturation stage water stress treatment can effectively improve yield and quality,and it is a better management method for Lizao jujube in this region. In addition,the preference analysis of the effects of different treatments on jujube quality found that water stress treatment during fruit maturation stage has a strong positive effect on the various factors of the taste dimension,greatly improving the fruit quality of Lizao jujube. Therefore,this paper recommends carrying out water stress treatment at fruit maturation stage.
In order to explore the influence of different mulching methods and RDI patterns on the yield and quality of Lizao jujube. In the 2017 Lizao jujube experiment, 15 treatments were set for different mulching(no cover, plastic film mulching, straw mulching)and different deficit models(full irrigation, bud burst to leafing stage stress, flowering to fruit set stage stress, fruit growth stage stress and fruit maturation stage stress). The results showed that the film mulching and straw mulching treatment could increase the yield of the Lizao jujube, which increased by 41.5% and 60.6%(p<0.05) compared with the uncovered treatment. At the same time, the yield of straw mulching treatment was slightly higher than that of the mulching film. At the same time, the yield of straw mulching treatment was slightly higher than that of mulching, but there was no significant difference. Water stress during flowering to fruit set stage and fruit growth stage resulted in a significant decrease in the yield of Lizao jujube. The water deficit during the bud burst to leafing stage and fruit maturation stage did not significantly affect the yield of potted pears. Water stress at the fruit maturation stage can significantly improve the water use efficiency(WUE) of Lizao jujube, which is 25.9% higher than that of full irrigation treatment(p<0.05). Both kinds of mulching methods can effectively improve the fruit quality of Lizao jujube,and the improvement effect of straw mulching is better. The effect level of water stress at different growth stages on the quality of Lizao jujube was fruit maturation stage >> fruit growth stage > bud burst to leafing stage > flowering to fruit set stage. In summary,straw mulching and fruit maturation stage water stress treatment can effectively improve yield and quality,and it is a better management method for Lizao jujube in this region. In addition,the preference analysis of the effects of different treatments on jujube quality found that water stress treatment during fruit maturation stage has a strong positive effect on the various factors of the taste dimension,greatly improving the fruit quality of Lizao jujube. Therefore,this paper recommends carrying out water stress treatment at fruit maturation stage.
引文
[1] 谷晓博, 李援农, 杜娅丹, 等. 不同种植和覆膜方式对冬油菜出苗及苗期生长状况的影响[J]. 中国农村水利水电,2016,(9):10-17.
[2] 孙萌, 宋新英, 李保国, 等. 地面覆盖对核桃园地土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2014,28(4):158-162.
[3] 高登涛, 郭景南, 魏志峰, 等. 果园地面覆盖对土壤质量和苹果生长发育的影响[J]. 果树学报,2010,27(5):770-777.
[4] 李成华, 马成林, 张德骏. 地面覆盖材料的光谱透射率及其对土壤温度的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,1996,(4):169-172.
[5] 艾鹏睿, 马英杰. 调亏灌溉对干旱区枣树生理特性和果实产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2018,37(9):9-15.
[6] 郭家萌, 马野, 毛俊, 等. 苗期调亏灌溉对夏玉米植株抗倒伏性状的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2018,26(1):83-88.
[7] Mitchell P D, Chalmers D J, Jerie P H, et al. The use of initial withholding of irrigation and tree spacing to enhance the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on pear trees[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1986.
[8] 史文娟, 胡笑涛, 康绍忠. 干旱缺水条件下作物调亏灌溉技术研究状况与展望[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,1998,(2):87-91.
[9] 梁贝贝, 王庆江, 段鹏伟, 等. 调亏灌溉对黄冠梨叶片含水量及叶绿素含量的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2018,(14):53-57.
[10] 王玉才, 张恒嘉, 邓浩亮, 等. 调亏灌溉对菘蓝水分利用及产量的影响[J]. 植物学报,2018,53(3):322-333.
[11] 强薇, 赵经华, 付秋萍, 等. 调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树生长及产量的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(8):186-190.
[12] 魏永霞, 马瑛瑛, 刘慧, 等. 调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米植株与土壤水分及节水增产效应[J]. 农业机械学报,2018,49(3):252-260.
[13] 吴晓茜, 夏桂敏, 李永发, 等. 调亏灌溉对黑花生生长、光合特性及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报,2018,49(1):57-64.
[14] Verreynne J S, Rabe E, Theron K I. The effect of combined deficit irrigation and summer trunk girdling on the internal fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ Clementines[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2001,91(1):25-37.
[15] 马福生, 康绍忠, 王密侠, 等. 调亏灌溉对温室梨枣树水分利用效率与枣品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2006,(1):37-43.
[16] Gelly M, Recasens I, Girona J, et al. Effects of stage II and postharvest deficit irrigation on peach quality during maturation and after cold storage.[J]. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2004,84(6):561-568.
[17] Motilva M J, Tovar M J, Romero M P, et al. Evolution of oil accumulation and polyphenol content in fruits of olive tree (olea europaea l.) related to different irrigation strategies[J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2002,(586):345-348.
[18] 马庆华, 李永红, 梁丽松, 等. 冬枣优良单株果实品质的因子分析与综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2 491-2 499.
[19] 韩冰, 王文生, 石志平. 气调贮藏对冬枣采后生理生化变化的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2006,(11):2 379-2 383.
[20] 张有林, 韩军岐, 张润光. 低温、减压和臭氧对冬枣保鲜的生理效应研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2005,(10):2 102-2 110.
[21] 刘泉汝, 郎坤, 赵丹丹, 等. 秸秆覆盖和种植密度对夏玉米水分利用的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(12):1 089-1 094.
[22] 谭军利, 王林权, 李生秀. 地面覆盖的保水增产效应及其机理研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2008,(3):50-54.
[23] 张蔚, 蒋志荣, 陈锋, 等. 地面覆盖法调节土壤水热状况的研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学,2008,(19):8 184-8 186.
[24] 张超, 李爱梅, 周旭, 等. 地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响[J]. 西北农业学报,2017,26(4):609-616.
[25] 银敏华, 李援农, 周昌明, 等. 调亏灌水和分蘖干扰对冬小麦生长的补偿效应[J]. 应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3 011-3 019.
[26] 武际, 郭熙盛, 鲁剑巍, 等. 水旱轮作制下连续秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):587-594.
[27] 谷晓博, 李援农, 银敏华, 等. 降解膜覆盖对油菜根系、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 农业机械学报,2015,46(12):184-193.
[28] 夏冬, 李洁英, 王广龙, 等. 不同覆盖方式对土壤肥力和番茄产量及品质的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1 826-1 832.
[29] Rodriguez M C. Flower development in ‘Algerie’ loquat under scanning electron microscopy[J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2007,(750):337-342.
[30] Costagli G, Gucci R, Rapoport H. Growth and development of fruits of olive Frantoio under irrigated and rainfed conditions[J]. Journal of Pomology & Horticultural Science, 2003,78(1):119-124.
[31] Rapoport H F, Costagli G, Gucci R. The Effect of Water Deficit during Early Fruit Development on Olive Fruit Morphogenesis[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science American Society for Horticultural Science, 2004,129(1):121-127.
[32] Lavee S, Hanoch E, Wodner M, et al. The effect of predetermined deficit irrigation on the performance of cv. Muhasan olives (Oleaeuropaea L.) in the eastern coastal plain of Israel[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2007,112(2):156-163.
[33] Cuevas J, Caňete M L, Pinillos V, et al. Optimal dates for regulated deficit irrigation in ‘Algerie’ loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivated[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2013,89(1-2):131-136.
[34] 张芮, 成自勇, 王旺田, 等. 不同生育期水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2014,30(24):105-113.
[35] 胡永翔. 黄土高原地区滴灌方式下枣树最优调亏灌溉模式及作物系数研究[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2013.
[36] Kilili A W, Behboudian M H, Mills T M. Composition and quality of ‘Braeburn’ apples under reduced irrigation[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 1996,67(s1-2):1-11.
[37] 崔宁博, 杜太生, 李忠亭, 等. 不同生育期调亏灌溉对温室梨枣品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2009,25(7):32-38.
[38] Ginestar C, Castel J R. Responses of young Clementine citrus trees to water stress during different phenological periods[J]. Journal of Pomology & Horticultural Science, 1996,71(4):551-559.
[2] 孙萌, 宋新英, 李保国, 等. 地面覆盖对核桃园地土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2014,28(4):158-162.
[3] 高登涛, 郭景南, 魏志峰, 等. 果园地面覆盖对土壤质量和苹果生长发育的影响[J]. 果树学报,2010,27(5):770-777.
[4] 李成华, 马成林, 张德骏. 地面覆盖材料的光谱透射率及其对土壤温度的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,1996,(4):169-172.
[5] 艾鹏睿, 马英杰. 调亏灌溉对干旱区枣树生理特性和果实产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2018,37(9):9-15.
[6] 郭家萌, 马野, 毛俊, 等. 苗期调亏灌溉对夏玉米植株抗倒伏性状的影响[J]. 玉米科学,2018,26(1):83-88.
[7] Mitchell P D, Chalmers D J, Jerie P H, et al. The use of initial withholding of irrigation and tree spacing to enhance the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on pear trees[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 1986.
[8] 史文娟, 胡笑涛, 康绍忠. 干旱缺水条件下作物调亏灌溉技术研究状况与展望[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,1998,(2):87-91.
[9] 梁贝贝, 王庆江, 段鹏伟, 等. 调亏灌溉对黄冠梨叶片含水量及叶绿素含量的影响[J]. 北方园艺,2018,(14):53-57.
[10] 王玉才, 张恒嘉, 邓浩亮, 等. 调亏灌溉对菘蓝水分利用及产量的影响[J]. 植物学报,2018,53(3):322-333.
[11] 强薇, 赵经华, 付秋萍, 等. 调亏灌溉对滴灌核桃树生长及产量的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2018,32(8):186-190.
[12] 魏永霞, 马瑛瑛, 刘慧, 等. 调亏灌溉下滴灌玉米植株与土壤水分及节水增产效应[J]. 农业机械学报,2018,49(3):252-260.
[13] 吴晓茜, 夏桂敏, 李永发, 等. 调亏灌溉对黑花生生长、光合特性及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报,2018,49(1):57-64.
[14] Verreynne J S, Rabe E, Theron K I. The effect of combined deficit irrigation and summer trunk girdling on the internal fruit quality of ‘Marisol’ Clementines[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2001,91(1):25-37.
[15] 马福生, 康绍忠, 王密侠, 等. 调亏灌溉对温室梨枣树水分利用效率与枣品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2006,(1):37-43.
[16] Gelly M, Recasens I, Girona J, et al. Effects of stage II and postharvest deficit irrigation on peach quality during maturation and after cold storage.[J]. Journal of the Science of Food & Agriculture, 2004,84(6):561-568.
[17] Motilva M J, Tovar M J, Romero M P, et al. Evolution of oil accumulation and polyphenol content in fruits of olive tree (olea europaea l.) related to different irrigation strategies[J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2002,(586):345-348.
[18] 马庆华, 李永红, 梁丽松, 等. 冬枣优良单株果实品质的因子分析与综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学,2010,43(12):2 491-2 499.
[19] 韩冰, 王文生, 石志平. 气调贮藏对冬枣采后生理生化变化的影响[J]. 中国农业科学,2006,(11):2 379-2 383.
[20] 张有林, 韩军岐, 张润光. 低温、减压和臭氧对冬枣保鲜的生理效应研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2005,(10):2 102-2 110.
[21] 刘泉汝, 郎坤, 赵丹丹, 等. 秸秆覆盖和种植密度对夏玉米水分利用的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报,2013,31(12):1 089-1 094.
[22] 谭军利, 王林权, 李生秀. 地面覆盖的保水增产效应及其机理研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2008,(3):50-54.
[23] 张蔚, 蒋志荣, 陈锋, 等. 地面覆盖法调节土壤水热状况的研究进展[J]. 安徽农业科学,2008,(19):8 184-8 186.
[24] 张超, 李爱梅, 周旭, 等. 地面覆盖对渭北旱地苹果园土壤理化性质与果实产量、品质的影响[J]. 西北农业学报,2017,26(4):609-616.
[25] 银敏华, 李援农, 周昌明, 等. 调亏灌水和分蘖干扰对冬小麦生长的补偿效应[J]. 应用生态学报,2015,26(10):3 011-3 019.
[26] 武际, 郭熙盛, 鲁剑巍, 等. 水旱轮作制下连续秸秆覆盖对土壤理化性质和作物产量的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):587-594.
[27] 谷晓博, 李援农, 银敏华, 等. 降解膜覆盖对油菜根系、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 农业机械学报,2015,46(12):184-193.
[28] 夏冬, 李洁英, 王广龙, 等. 不同覆盖方式对土壤肥力和番茄产量及品质的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2014,33(7):1 826-1 832.
[29] Rodriguez M C. Flower development in ‘Algerie’ loquat under scanning electron microscopy[J]. Acta Horticulturae, 2007,(750):337-342.
[30] Costagli G, Gucci R, Rapoport H. Growth and development of fruits of olive Frantoio under irrigated and rainfed conditions[J]. Journal of Pomology & Horticultural Science, 2003,78(1):119-124.
[31] Rapoport H F, Costagli G, Gucci R. The Effect of Water Deficit during Early Fruit Development on Olive Fruit Morphogenesis[J]. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science American Society for Horticultural Science, 2004,129(1):121-127.
[32] Lavee S, Hanoch E, Wodner M, et al. The effect of predetermined deficit irrigation on the performance of cv. Muhasan olives (Oleaeuropaea L.) in the eastern coastal plain of Israel[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 2007,112(2):156-163.
[33] Cuevas J, Caňete M L, Pinillos V, et al. Optimal dates for regulated deficit irrigation in ‘Algerie’ loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) cultivated[J]. Agricultural Water Management, 2013,89(1-2):131-136.
[34] 张芮, 成自勇, 王旺田, 等. 不同生育期水分胁迫对延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2014,30(24):105-113.
[35] 胡永翔. 黄土高原地区滴灌方式下枣树最优调亏灌溉模式及作物系数研究[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2013.
[36] Kilili A W, Behboudian M H, Mills T M. Composition and quality of ‘Braeburn’ apples under reduced irrigation[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 1996,67(s1-2):1-11.
[37] 崔宁博, 杜太生, 李忠亭, 等. 不同生育期调亏灌溉对温室梨枣品质的影响[J]. 农业工程学报,2009,25(7):32-38.
[38] Ginestar C, Castel J R. Responses of young Clementine citrus trees to water stress during different phenological periods[J]. Journal of Pomology & Horticultural Science, 1996,71(4):551-559.