中国风电产业发展分析
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摘要
分6个阶段回顾了中国风电产业的发展历程,并从法律法规规划、财税电价政策两方面简述了国家风电产业的相关政策,指出这些政策对产业发展起到了重要的支撑和调节作用。用风电装机及增长率、发电量及增长率数据分析了中国风电产业发展现状,用2013年大陆企业国内市场占有率、进入世界风电设备15强的国内8家企业的全球新增装机容量等数据,说明国内风机制造商已经发展壮大起来。分析指出了缺乏顶层设计、弃风限电严重、自主研发能力不足、部分主要零部件依赖进口和风电设备存在质保"困局"五个亟待解决的主要问题。最后分析了风电产业发展前景。
The development course of China wind power industry is reviewed by six stages.National policies on wind power industry are elaborated from the aspects of laws & regulations,planning,finance &taxation and electrovalence policy.And these policies have played an important supporting and regulating role in the development of wind power industry.The development status of China wind power industry is analyzed based on wind turbine installed capacity,wind power output and their growth rate.It is explained that national wind turbine manufacturers have kept developing and become strong by the data of new global installed capacity share of mainland wind turbine manufacturers in 2013 and the new global market share of8 domestic enterprises among the world top 15 wind turbine manufacturers.But there are still 5key problems which influence the development of national wind turbine need to be solved,including lack of toplevel design,abandon and restriction wind power seriously,lack of R&D abilities,some of the key parts relying on imports and wind turbine facing aquality guarantee dilemma.Taking Sinovel Wind Group Co.Ltd.and Xinjiang Goldwind Sci & Tech Co.Ltd.,the two leading companies as an example,their performance is analyzed and it's pointed out that the wind industry must keep vigilant after the overspeed development.The enterprises should try to avoid neglecting cultivating their inner core competitive ability,including technology advancements and products reliability. Occupying the market with low pricecompetition and expanding blindly is also not desirable.At last,the development prospects of our country's wind power industry are analyzed and three proposals are put forward.
The development course of China wind power industry is reviewed by six stages.National policies on wind power industry are elaborated from the aspects of laws & regulations,planning,finance &taxation and electrovalence policy.And these policies have played an important supporting and regulating role in the development of wind power industry.The development status of China wind power industry is analyzed based on wind turbine installed capacity,wind power output and their growth rate.It is explained that national wind turbine manufacturers have kept developing and become strong by the data of new global installed capacity share of mainland wind turbine manufacturers in 2013 and the new global market share of8 domestic enterprises among the world top 15 wind turbine manufacturers.But there are still 5key problems which influence the development of national wind turbine need to be solved,including lack of toplevel design,abandon and restriction wind power seriously,lack of R&D abilities,some of the key parts relying on imports and wind turbine facing aquality guarantee dilemma.Taking Sinovel Wind Group Co.Ltd.and Xinjiang Goldwind Sci & Tech Co.Ltd.,the two leading companies as an example,their performance is analyzed and it's pointed out that the wind industry must keep vigilant after the overspeed development.The enterprises should try to avoid neglecting cultivating their inner core competitive ability,including technology advancements and products reliability. Occupying the market with low pricecompetition and expanding blindly is also not desirable.At last,the development prospects of our country's wind power industry are analyzed and three proposals are put forward.
引文
[1]中国风电行业发展历程回顾[EB/OL].(2013-8-27)[2014-10-11].http://ind.chyxx.com/201308/217542.html.
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[16]孔和平.大型磁悬浮圆轨道风力发电机:中国,ZL201010526558.5[P].2010-10-19.
[17]Islam M R,Mekhilef S,Saidur R.Progress and recent trends of wind energy technology[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,21:456-468.
[18]严强.垂直轴风力发电机大型化的可行性研究[J].风能产业,2014(2):12-14.YANqiang.feasibility study of large-scale vertical axis wind turbine[J].wind energy industry,2014(2):12-14.
[19]张立勋,梁迎彬等.垂直轴风力机主动式变桨距控制规律[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(6):2561-2568.ZHANGLixun,LIANG Yingbin,WEI Yuexiao,et al.Active variable-pitch control laws for vertical axis wind turbine[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(6):2561-2568.
[2]孙瑜.风电设备国产化之路[J].电力设备,2005,6(10):111-112.SUNYu.The road to home-made wind power equipment[J].Electrical Equipment,2005,6(10):111-112.
[3]杨尔庄.液压技术在风力发电中的应用概况[J].液压气动与密封,2006(2):1-4.YANGErzhuang.Application of hydraulic technology in the field of wind turbine[J].Hydraulics Pneumatics&Seals,2006(2):1-4.
[4]李俊峰,等.2011中国风力发展报告[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.
[5]施鹏飞.2013中国风电产业总结[J].中华新能源,2014:5-13.
[6]郑方羽.维斯塔斯节节败退[J].中外合资,2014(9):62-63.ZHENG Fayu.Vestas retreat[J].Foreign Investment in China,2014(9):62-63.
[7]李俊峰,蔡丰波,乔黎明,等.2014中国风力发展报告[R].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014:1-70.
[8]陆宇.风电机组200亿质保金困境待解[N].21世纪经济报道,2014-6-10.
[9]潘庭龙,吴定会,纪志成,等.便携式风光互补独立电源装置:中国,201010116422.7[P].2010-6-16.
[10]孙彦君,尹钢吉,滕云,等.风光互补发电和提水两用机组的研究[J].水利水电技术,2012,43(2):79-81,93.SUNYanjun,YIN Gangji,TENG Yun,et al.research on wind and solarpowersmutually complementedgeneratingpumpingdual purposeunit[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2012,43(2):79-81,93.
[11]时剑.一种风光互补自动增氧器:中国,CN203896250U[P].2014-10-22.
[12]王志新,刘立群,张华强.风光互补技术及应用新进展[J].电网与清洁能源,2008,24(5):40-45.WANGZhixin,LIU Liqun,ZHANG Huaqiang.Newdevelopment ofwindand pvhybridtechnologyandapplication[J].Power System and Clean Energy,2008,24(5):40-45.
[13]杨益飞,潘伟,朱熀秋.垂直轴风力发电机技术综述及研究进展[J].机械工程学报,2013,24(5):703-709.YangYifei,Pan Wei,Zhu Huangqiu.An overview and recentresearch progressesofverticalaxiswind turbine[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2013,24(5):703-709.
[14]莫晓聃,李涛.垂直轴风力机概述及发展优势剖析[J].节能技术,2010,28(5):450-453.MOXiaodan,LI Tao.Types and DevelopmentAdvantages ofVerticalAxisW ind Turbine[J].Energy Conservation Technology,2010,28(5):450-453.
[15]Dabiri JO.Potential order of magnitude enhancement of wind farm power density via counter ratating vertical axis wind turbine arrays[J].Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,2011(4):1-12.
[16]孔和平.大型磁悬浮圆轨道风力发电机:中国,ZL201010526558.5[P].2010-10-19.
[17]Islam M R,Mekhilef S,Saidur R.Progress and recent trends of wind energy technology[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2013,21:456-468.
[18]严强.垂直轴风力发电机大型化的可行性研究[J].风能产业,2014(2):12-14.YANqiang.feasibility study of large-scale vertical axis wind turbine[J].wind energy industry,2014(2):12-14.
[19]张立勋,梁迎彬等.垂直轴风力机主动式变桨距控制规律[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2013,44(6):2561-2568.ZHANGLixun,LIANG Yingbin,WEI Yuexiao,et al.Active variable-pitch control laws for vertical axis wind turbine[J].Journal of Central South University:Science and Technology,2013,44(6):2561-2568.