钨和钢TIG熔钎焊接头的微观组织及力学性能
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摘要
采用Ni Cr Mo-3焊丝实现纯钨(W)和0Cr13Al钢的TIG熔钎焊接,利用OM、SEM、EDS、显微硬度计和电子万能试验机等手段研究接头的微观组织、成分分布、力学性能及断裂特征。结果表明:焊缝金属与钨母材形成的钎焊界面润湿性良好,钨母材表面溶解后的W原子扩散进入焊缝金属中,并在界面断续形成厚度不超过1μm的富W、Ni金属间化合物层;焊缝金属与钢母材形成的熔焊界面主要因Ni元素的扩散进入,在钢母材中沿熔合线形成宽5～10μm的马氏体层。焊缝金属大致可分为W原子固溶强化区、完全混合区和不完全混合区等三个显微硬度相差较大的区域。接头抗拉强度为167 MPa,断裂面主要位于距钨母材/焊缝金属结合面50～300μm的钨母材中,为典型的解理断裂形貌。
The dissimilar material joint between tungsten and 0 Cr13 Al steel was fabricated by TIG arc welding-brazing process with NiCrMo-3 wire as filling metal. The microstructures, composition distribution, fracture characteristics and properties of the joints were studied by OM, SEM, EDS, microhardness tester and electronic universal testing machine.The results show that NiCrMo-3 filler metal has a good wettability with tungsten. The W atoms from surface dissolution of tungsten diffuse into welding seam and the rich W, Ni intermetallic compound form on the interface of tungsten/welding seam which is discontinuous and the thickness is not more than 1 μm. The martensite layer whose thickness is 5-10 μm forms in steel along fusion line due to the diffusion of Ni element into steel. The welding seam can be roughly divided into W atom solid solution strengthening zone, complete mixing zone and incomplete mixing zone with great difference in microhardness. The tensile strength of joint is 167 MPa. Most of fracture surface is located in tungsten base metal and is 50-300 μm from the tungsten matrix/weld seam interface. The fracture is typical cleavage fracture.
The dissimilar material joint between tungsten and 0 Cr13 Al steel was fabricated by TIG arc welding-brazing process with NiCrMo-3 wire as filling metal. The microstructures, composition distribution, fracture characteristics and properties of the joints were studied by OM, SEM, EDS, microhardness tester and electronic universal testing machine.The results show that NiCrMo-3 filler metal has a good wettability with tungsten. The W atoms from surface dissolution of tungsten diffuse into welding seam and the rich W, Ni intermetallic compound form on the interface of tungsten/welding seam which is discontinuous and the thickness is not more than 1 μm. The martensite layer whose thickness is 5-10 μm forms in steel along fusion line due to the diffusion of Ni element into steel. The welding seam can be roughly divided into W atom solid solution strengthening zone, complete mixing zone and incomplete mixing zone with great difference in microhardness. The tensile strength of joint is 167 MPa. Most of fracture surface is located in tungsten base metal and is 50-300 μm from the tungsten matrix/weld seam interface. The fracture is typical cleavage fracture.
引文
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[2]孙志雨,范景莲,李鹏飞,成会朝,田家敏.添加微量Ti C对钨的性能与显微组织的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(1):80-85.SUN Zhi-yu,FAN Jing-lian,LI Peng-fei,CHENG Hui-chao,TIAN Jia-min.Effect of microscale TiC on performance and microstructure of tungsten[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(1):80-85.
[3]JAKSIC N,GREUNER H,HERRMANN A,B?SWIRTH B,VORBRUGG S.Results of high heat flux tests and structural analysis of the new solid tungsten divertor tile for ASDEXUpgrade[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2015,98/99:1333-1336.
[4]NORAJITRA P,ANTUSCH S,GINIYATULIN R,MAZUL I,RITZ G,RITZHAUPT-KLEISSL H J,SPATAFORA L.Current state-of-the-art manufacturing technology for He-cooled divertor finger[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,417(1):468-471.
[5]NOTO H,TANIGUCHI S,KURISHITA H,MATSUO S,KIMURA A.Development of high strength tungsten/oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steel joints by innovative thermal stress relaxation technique based on phase-transformation-induced creep deformation[J].Materials Transactions,2016,57(8):1357-1362.
[6]BASUKI W W,AKTAA J.Process optimization for diffusion bonding of tungsten with EUROFER97 using a vanadium interlayer[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2015,459(2):217-224.
[7]WANG Ji-chao,WANG Wan-jing,WEI Ran,WANG Xing-li,SUN Zhao-xuan,XIE Chun-yi,LI Qiang,LUO Guang-nan.Effect of Ti interlayer on the bonding quality of W and steel HIP joint[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2017,485(3):8-14.
[8]马运柱,刘昊阳,刘文胜,蔡青山.钒/镍复合中间层扩散焊接钨与钢的界面结构及力学性能[J].焊接学报,2014,35(12):1-6.MA Yun-zhu,LIU Hao-yang,LIU Wen-sheng,CAIQing-shan.Microstructure and mechanical properties of diffusion bonded joint between tungsten and ferritic steel using vanadium/nickel composite interlayer[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2014,35(12):1-6.
[9]OONO N,NOH S,IWATA N,NAGASAKA T,KASADA R,KIMURA A.Microstructures of brazed and solid-state diffusion bonded joints of tungsten with oxide dispersion strengthened steel[J].Journal of Nuclear Materials,2011,417(1/3):253-256.
[10]LIU Wen-sheng,WANG Zi-xuan,MA Yun-zhu,CAIQing-shan.Investigation of tungsten/steel brazing using Ta and Cu interlayer[J].Fusion Engineering&Design,2016,113:102-107.
[11]杨宗辉,沈以赴,初雅杰,李晓泉.W-(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)混合粉末中间层真空扩散钎焊连接钨与钢[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(5):941-946.YANG Zong-hui,SHEN Yi-fu,CHU Ya-jie,LI Xiao-quan.Vacuum diffusion brazing bonding tungsten to steel using W-(Ni-Cr-Fe-Si-B)mixed powders interlayer[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2017,27(5):941-946.
[12]马志鹏,于心泷,孟庆武.钛/铝异种合金电弧熔钎焊接接头的组织与断裂行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(11):3067-3076.MA Zhi-peng,YU Xin-long,MENG Qing-wu.Microstructure and fracture behavior of arc welding-brazing joints between titanium and aluminum dissimilar alloys[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(11):3067-3076.
[13]石玗,李杰,黄健康,顾玉芬,樊丁.Si和Zn对铝/钢异种金属熔钎焊接头界面组织的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2015,25(1):30-35.SHI Yu,LI Jie,HUANG Jian-kang,GU Yu-fen,FAN Ding.Effects of Si and Zn on interface microstructures of aluminum/steel welding brazing joint[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2015,25(1):30-35.
[14]吴建飞,李桓,韦辉亮,张玉昌.铝/钢双脉冲MIG熔-钎焊中电弧作用方式对焊缝成形与力学性能的影响[J].焊接学报,2016,37(3):22-27.WU Jian-fei,LI Huan,WEI Hui-liang,ZHANG Yu-chang.Effect of arc action mode on weld formation and mechanical properties in joining aluminum and steel by molten-brazing operating at pulse-on-pulse mode[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2016,37(3):22-27.
[15]杜邦,李波特,凯瑟.镍基合金焊接冶金和焊接性[M].吴祖乾,张晨,虞茂林,余燕,译.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2014:61.DUPONT J N,LIPPOLD J C,KISER S D.Welding metallurgy and weldability of nickel-base alloys[M].WUZu-qian,ZHANG Chen,YU Mao-lin,YU Yan,transl.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technological Literature Publishing House,2014:61.