人工繁育白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的最适温度条件
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摘要
为明确温度对白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂Sclerodermus pupariae Yang et Yao寄生情况、子代生长发育和繁殖的影响,在室内21、24、27、30和33℃共5个恒温条件下,以麻竖毛天牛Thyestilla gebleri幼虫为寄主,测定了不同温度下白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的寄生率、寄生成功率,产卵前期、卵、幼虫、茧蛹和整个幼期阶段的发育历期、发育速率、子代数量以及性比等生物学参数。结果显示,随着温度的升高,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对寄主幼虫的寄生率和寄生成功率有所提高,寄生率在30℃时达到最高,为100%,寄生成功率在27℃和30℃均达到最高,为93.33%;当温度超过30℃时,二者均分别下降至73.3%和60%。随着温度升高,子代数量从58头/窝(21℃)显著增多至91.14头/窝(30℃);当温度高于30℃时,羽化数量开始大幅度下降至52.5/窝(33℃)。在21～33℃范围内,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的产卵前期随温度升高呈递减趋势;幼虫、茧蛹及整个幼期阶段的发育速率均随着温度的升高而加快,而卵的发育速率在27℃时最快。表明人工繁殖白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的最适温度范围为27～30℃,研究结果为提高该蜂的人工繁育效率以及优化野外释放策略提供了重要依据。
Temperature effects on parasitism, development and reproduction of Sclerodermus pupariae on larvae of Thyestilla gebleri were examined in terms of parasitism rates, successful parasitism rates, pre-oviposition periods,developmental durations, progeny number, sex ratio of S. pupariae at five constant temperature regimes(21, 24,27, 30, and 33 ℃) in the laboratory. The results showed that the parasitism rates and successful parasitism rates increased with the rise of temperatures, the highest parasitism rate of 100% reaching at 30℃ and the highest successful parasitism rate of 93.3% reaching at 27 ℃ and 30 ℃, and both reduced to 73.3% and 60%respectively at temperatures over 30 ℃. The clutch sizes significantly increased from 58.0 at 21 ℃ to 91.1 at30 ℃ and decreased sharply to 52.5 at temperature over 30 ℃. The pre-oviposition periods were shortened while the developmental rates of larva, pupa and the entire immature stages of S. pupariae increased with the rise of temperature ranging between 21 and 33℃, but the highest developmental rate of egg reached at 27 ℃. These findings indicate that 27―30 ℃ is the optimum temperature range for artificial rearing of S. pupariae, which provide important supports for improving the efficiency of mass-rearing programs and optimizing biocontrol agent release strategies.
Temperature effects on parasitism, development and reproduction of Sclerodermus pupariae on larvae of Thyestilla gebleri were examined in terms of parasitism rates, successful parasitism rates, pre-oviposition periods,developmental durations, progeny number, sex ratio of S. pupariae at five constant temperature regimes(21, 24,27, 30, and 33 ℃) in the laboratory. The results showed that the parasitism rates and successful parasitism rates increased with the rise of temperatures, the highest parasitism rate of 100% reaching at 30℃ and the highest successful parasitism rate of 93.3% reaching at 27 ℃ and 30 ℃, and both reduced to 73.3% and 60%respectively at temperatures over 30 ℃. The clutch sizes significantly increased from 58.0 at 21 ℃ to 91.1 at30 ℃ and decreased sharply to 52.5 at temperature over 30 ℃. The pre-oviposition periods were shortened while the developmental rates of larva, pupa and the entire immature stages of S. pupariae increased with the rise of temperature ranging between 21 and 33℃, but the highest developmental rate of egg reached at 27 ℃. These findings indicate that 27―30 ℃ is the optimum temperature range for artificial rearing of S. pupariae, which provide important supports for improving the efficiency of mass-rearing programs and optimizing biocontrol agent release strategies.
引文
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[17]唐艳龙,王小艺,杨忠岐,等.白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂过冷却点和其防治栗山天牛幼龄幼虫研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2014,30(3):293-299.
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[19]吴晓云,胡尊瑞.人工扩繁白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂保藏条件研究[J].中国植保导刊,2018,38(5):10-13.
[20]Hagastrum D W,Milliken G A,David W H,et al.Quantitative analysis of temperature,moisture,and diet factors affecting insect development[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1988,81(4):539-546.
[21]田慎鹏,徐志强.不同温度条件对利用黄粉甲繁育管氏肿腿蜂的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2003,40(4):356-359.
[22]王如松,兰仲雄,丁岩钦.昆虫发育速率与温度关系的数学模型研究[J].生态学报,1982,2(1):47-57.
[23]肖启明,欧阳河.植物保护技术:第二版[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[24]杜艳丽,郭洪梅,孙淑玲,等.温度对桃蛀螟生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(5):561-569.
[25]罗礼智,李光博.温度对草地螟成虫产卵和寿命的影响[J].昆虫学报,1993,36(4):459-464.
[26]王音,雷仲仁,问锦曾,等.温度对美洲斑潜蝇发育、取食、产卵和寿命的影响[J].植物保护学报,2000,27(3):210-214.
[27]Kamimura M,Tatsuki S.Diel rhythms of calling behavior and pheromone production of oriental tobacco budworm moth,Helicoverpa assulta(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19(12):2953-2963.
[28]Atwal A S.Influence of temperature,photoperiod,and food on the speed of development,longevity,fecundity,and other qualities of the diamond-back moth Plutella Maculipennis(Curtis)(Lepidoptera:Tineidae)[J].Australian Journal of Zoology,1955,3(2):185-221.
[29]Bryant B,Raikhel A S.Programmed autophagy in the fat body of Aedes aegypti is required to maintain egg maturation cycles[J].PLoS ONE,2011,6(11):e25502.
[30]原建强,李欣.半闭弯尾姬蜂性比的影响因素研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2008,42(3):334-336.
[31]陈福寿,王燕,李志敏,等.温度对半闭弯尾姬蜂发育和性比的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2011,33(2):257-260.
[32]张红梅,徐兴才,王燕,等.温度对烟蚜茧蜂羽化率、寿命及性比的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(4):1666-1669.
[33]Wang X Y,Wei K,Yang Z Q,et al.Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on phenotypic partitioning of wing morphology and development in Sclerodermus pupariae(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:26408.doi:10.1038/srep26408.
[34]张世泽,郭建英,万方浩,等.温度对不同品系丽蚜小蜂发育、存活和寿命的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2004,20(3):174-177.
[35]陈洪凡,岑冠军,黄寿山.赤眼蜂发育速率对梯度恒温的响应[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6669-6673.
[36]王建军,魏建荣,王玉珠,等.舞毒蛾卵寄生蜂大蛾卵跳小蜂发育与温度的关系及利用替代寄主柞蚕卵繁育的子代品质评价[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(5):570-574.
[37]田军,王小艺,杨忠岐,等.温度对白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂发育和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(11):1223-1228.
[2]蒋丰泽,郑灵燕,郭技星,等.温度对昆虫繁殖力的影响及其生理生化机制[J].环境昆虫学报,2015,37(3):653-663.
[3]Wang X G,Liu S S,Guo S J,et al.Effects of host stages and temperatures on population parameters of Oomyzus sokolowskii,a larval-pupal parasitoid of Plutella xylostyella[J].BioControl,1999,44(4):391-402.
[4]Mawela K V,Kfir R,Kruger K.Effect of temperature and host species on parasitism,development time and sex ratio of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma toidealutea Girault(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)[J].Biological Control,2013,64(3):211-216.
[5]Rodrigues M A T,Pereira F F,Kassab S O,et al.Thermal requirements and generation estimates of Trichospilus diatraeae(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)in sugarcane producing regions of Brazil[J].Florida Entomologist,2013,96(1):154-159.
[6]Yu J Z,Chi H,Chen B H.Comparison of the life tables and predation rates of Harmonia dimidiate(F.)(Coleoptera:Coccinellidae)fed on Aphis gossypii Glover(Hemiptera:Aphididae)at different temperatures[J].Biological Control,2013,64(1):1-9.
[7]Pilkington L J,Hoddle M S.Use of life table statistics and degree-day values to predict the invasion success of Gonatocerus ashmeadi(Hymenoptera:Mymaridae),an egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulate(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae),in California[J].Biological Control,2006,37(3):276-283.
[8]Qiu B,Zhou Z S,Luo S P,et al.Effect of temperature on development,survival,and fecundity of Microplitis manilae(Hymenoptera:Braconidae)[J].Environmental Entomology,2012,41(3):657-664.
[9]Favero K,Pereira F F,Torres J B,et al.Reproduction of Tetrastichus howardi(Hymenoptera:Eulophidae)in Diatraea saccharalis(Lepidoptera:Crambidae)pupae at different temperatures[J].Florida Entomologist,2015,98(3):865-869.
[10]Duan J J,Schmude J M,Wang X Y,et al.Host utilization,reproductive biology,and development of the larval parasitoid Tetrastichus planipennisi as influenced by temperature:Implications for biological control of the emerald ash borer in North America[J].Biological Control,2018,125(5):50-56.
[11]杨忠岐,王小艺,曹亮明,等.管氏肿腿蜂的再描述及中国硬皮肿腿蜂Sclerodermus(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)的种类[J].中国生物防治学报,2014,30(1):1-12.
[12]杨忠岐,王小艺,张翌楠,等.以生物防治为主的综合控制我国重大林木病虫害研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2018,34(2):163-183.
[13]Yang Z Q,Wang X Y,Yao Y X,et al.A new species of Sclerodermus(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)parasitizing Agrilus planipennis(Coleoptera:Buprestidae)from China,with a key to Chinese species in the genus[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,2012,105(5):619-627.
[14]王小艺,杨忠岐,唐艳龙,等.白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对栗山天牛低龄幼虫的寄生作用[J].昆虫学报,2010,53(6):675-682.
[15]崔晓宁,刘德广,刘爱华.苹果小吉丁虫综合防控研究进展[J].植物保护,2015,41(2):16-23.
[16]武辉,王小艺,李孟楼,等.白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂的生物学和生态学特性及繁殖技术研究[J].昆虫学报,2008,51(1):46-54.
[17]唐艳龙,王小艺,杨忠岐,等.白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂过冷却点和其防治栗山天牛幼龄幼虫研究[J].中国生物防治学报,2014,30(3):293-299.
[18]Wei K,Gao S K,Tang Y L,et al.Determination of the optimal parasitoid-to-host ratio for efficient mass-rearing of the parasitoid,Sclerodermus pupariae(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)[J].Journal of Applied Entomology,2016,141(3):181-188.
[19]吴晓云,胡尊瑞.人工扩繁白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂保藏条件研究[J].中国植保导刊,2018,38(5):10-13.
[20]Hagastrum D W,Milliken G A,David W H,et al.Quantitative analysis of temperature,moisture,and diet factors affecting insect development[J].Annals of the Entomological Society of America,1988,81(4):539-546.
[21]田慎鹏,徐志强.不同温度条件对利用黄粉甲繁育管氏肿腿蜂的影响[J].应用昆虫学报,2003,40(4):356-359.
[22]王如松,兰仲雄,丁岩钦.昆虫发育速率与温度关系的数学模型研究[J].生态学报,1982,2(1):47-57.
[23]肖启明,欧阳河.植物保护技术:第二版[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005.
[24]杜艳丽,郭洪梅,孙淑玲,等.温度对桃蛀螟生长发育和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(5):561-569.
[25]罗礼智,李光博.温度对草地螟成虫产卵和寿命的影响[J].昆虫学报,1993,36(4):459-464.
[26]王音,雷仲仁,问锦曾,等.温度对美洲斑潜蝇发育、取食、产卵和寿命的影响[J].植物保护学报,2000,27(3):210-214.
[27]Kamimura M,Tatsuki S.Diel rhythms of calling behavior and pheromone production of oriental tobacco budworm moth,Helicoverpa assulta(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1993,19(12):2953-2963.
[28]Atwal A S.Influence of temperature,photoperiod,and food on the speed of development,longevity,fecundity,and other qualities of the diamond-back moth Plutella Maculipennis(Curtis)(Lepidoptera:Tineidae)[J].Australian Journal of Zoology,1955,3(2):185-221.
[29]Bryant B,Raikhel A S.Programmed autophagy in the fat body of Aedes aegypti is required to maintain egg maturation cycles[J].PLoS ONE,2011,6(11):e25502.
[30]原建强,李欣.半闭弯尾姬蜂性比的影响因素研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2008,42(3):334-336.
[31]陈福寿,王燕,李志敏,等.温度对半闭弯尾姬蜂发育和性比的影响[J].环境昆虫学报,2011,33(2):257-260.
[32]张红梅,徐兴才,王燕,等.温度对烟蚜茧蜂羽化率、寿命及性比的影响[J].西南农业学报,2015,28(4):1666-1669.
[33]Wang X Y,Wei K,Yang Z Q,et al.Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on phenotypic partitioning of wing morphology and development in Sclerodermus pupariae(Hymenoptera:Bethylidae)[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:26408.doi:10.1038/srep26408.
[34]张世泽,郭建英,万方浩,等.温度对不同品系丽蚜小蜂发育、存活和寿命的影响[J].中国生物防治学报,2004,20(3):174-177.
[35]陈洪凡,岑冠军,黄寿山.赤眼蜂发育速率对梯度恒温的响应[J].生态学报,2010,30(23):6669-6673.
[36]王建军,魏建荣,王玉珠,等.舞毒蛾卵寄生蜂大蛾卵跳小蜂发育与温度的关系及利用替代寄主柞蚕卵繁育的子代品质评价[J].昆虫学报,2012,55(5):570-574.
[37]田军,王小艺,杨忠岐,等.温度对白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂发育和繁殖的影响[J].昆虫学报,2009,52(11):1223-1228.