除草剂草甘膦对葡萄光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响
|
摘要
以葡萄品种"梅洛"为试材,采用不同稀释比例草甘膦(1∶160、1∶140、1∶120、1∶100、1∶80)对盆栽葡萄进行叶面喷施处理,3、6、9、14d后测定葡萄叶片中叶绿素含量,处理14d后测定叶片中叶绿素荧光参数及气体交换参数指标,研究了除草剂草甘膦对葡萄的光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:叶绿素a、叶绿素b及叶绿素总含量随着草甘膦浓度的增加、处理时间的延长而减少;葡萄叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)及PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)、实际光化学效率(Ф_(PSⅡ))和光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP),均随草甘膦浓度的增加而减小;胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)和非光化学荧光猝灭系数(qN)均随草甘膦浓度的增加而增加。除草剂草甘膦显著影响了葡萄的光合特性,草甘膦浓度越大影响程度越大,呈正相关关系;在草甘膦胁迫下葡萄叶片发生了光抑制,PSⅡ被破坏,光合电子传递受阻。
‘Merlot’ grape was taken as test material.Under potting conditions,the grape leaves were treated with different dilution ratio of glyphosate(1:160,1:140,1:120,1:100,1:80).The chlorophyll content of grape leaves was measured at 3 days,6 days,9 days and 14 days after treatments,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and gas exchange parameters in the leaves were measured at the 14~(th) day after treatments,the effects of herbicide glyphosate on the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of grape were studied.The results showed that chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content and total contents of the grape leaves decreased as glyphosate concentration and time increased;leaves of grapes photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatic conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency(WUE),maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystemⅡ(Fv/Fm),actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ(ФPSⅡ),PSⅡpotential activity(Fv/Fo),photochemical quenching(qP)decreased as concentration of glyphosate increaed;but inter-cellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)non-photochemical quenching(qN)increased as concentration of glyphosate increased.Herbicide glyphosate had a significant effect on the photosynthetic characteristics of grapes,and showed the relationship of the significant positive correlation between concentration and photosynthetic influence.Under the stress of glyphosate,the photosynthetic was inhibited,and PSII was destroyed,at the same time photosynthetic electron transport was suffocated in leaves of grape.
‘Merlot’ grape was taken as test material.Under potting conditions,the grape leaves were treated with different dilution ratio of glyphosate(1:160,1:140,1:120,1:100,1:80).The chlorophyll content of grape leaves was measured at 3 days,6 days,9 days and 14 days after treatments,the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and gas exchange parameters in the leaves were measured at the 14~(th) day after treatments,the effects of herbicide glyphosate on the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of grape were studied.The results showed that chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content and total contents of the grape leaves decreased as glyphosate concentration and time increased;leaves of grapes photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatic conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),water use efficiency(WUE),maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystemⅡ(Fv/Fm),actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem Ⅱ(ФPSⅡ),PSⅡpotential activity(Fv/Fo),photochemical quenching(qP)decreased as concentration of glyphosate increaed;but inter-cellular CO_2 concentration(Ci)non-photochemical quenching(qN)increased as concentration of glyphosate increased.Herbicide glyphosate had a significant effect on the photosynthetic characteristics of grapes,and showed the relationship of the significant positive correlation between concentration and photosynthetic influence.Under the stress of glyphosate,the photosynthetic was inhibited,and PSII was destroyed,at the same time photosynthetic electron transport was suffocated in leaves of grape.
引文
[1]贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[2]谭伟,梁婷,杜远鹏,等.除草剂对巨峰葡萄果实品质的影响[J].中国果树,2014(3):63-77.
[3]宋宏峰,郭磊,张斌斌,等.除草剂对毛桃幼苗生长与光合的影响[J].园艺学报,2014,41(11):2208-2214.
[4]卜贵军,郑小江,王学东,等.草甘膦对大豆叶片超微结构及生化指标的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(2):285-289.
[5]严重玲,李瑞智,钟章成.模拟酸雨对绿豆、玉米生理生态特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(增刊):124-131.
[6]王正贵,周立云,郭文善,等.除草剂对小麦光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(6):1037-1043.
[7]古春凤,叶小齐,吴明,等.草甘膦对入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花和伴生植物白茅光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2018(8):1-10.
[8]KANA R,SPUNDOVA M,ILIK P,et al.Effect of herbicide clomazone onphotosynthetic processes in primary barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)leaves[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2004,78:161-170.
[9]赵薇,惠竹梅,唐俊峰.硒对水分胁迫下葡萄幼苗光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(22):6-9.
[10]DUAN F P,ZHANG M Y,FAN S G,et al.Effects of glufosinate on GS activityand photosynthetic function of bar-transgenic rice[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2003,29(6):530-534.
[11]余凯凯,宋喜娥,高虹,等.不同施肥水平下多效唑对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):154-163.
[12]王鹏,郭玮,马艳芸,等.苗期喷施草甘膦对大豆叶片生理指标的影响[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(8):1177-1180.
[13]刘瑞显,王友军,陈其林,等.花铃期干旱胁迫下氮素水平对棉花光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(4):675-683.
[14]王正航,武仙山,昌小平,等.小麦旗叶叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数与产量的灰色关联度分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):217-227.
[15]董彩霞,赵世杰,田纪春,等.不同浓度的硝酸盐对高蛋白小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].作物学报,2002,28(1):59-64.
[16]邵瑞鑫,上官周平.外源NO调控小麦幼苗生长与生理的浓度效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):302-309.
[17]王静,冯永忠,杨改河,等.小麦光合特性对二氧化碳浓度升高的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):179-183.
[18]杨华庚,林位夫.低温胁迫对油棕幼苗光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(24):506-509.
[2]谭伟,梁婷,杜远鹏,等.除草剂对巨峰葡萄果实品质的影响[J].中国果树,2014(3):63-77.
[3]宋宏峰,郭磊,张斌斌,等.除草剂对毛桃幼苗生长与光合的影响[J].园艺学报,2014,41(11):2208-2214.
[4]卜贵军,郑小江,王学东,等.草甘膦对大豆叶片超微结构及生化指标的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2010,32(2):285-289.
[5]严重玲,李瑞智,钟章成.模拟酸雨对绿豆、玉米生理生态特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(增刊):124-131.
[6]王正贵,周立云,郭文善,等.除草剂对小麦光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(6):1037-1043.
[7]古春凤,叶小齐,吴明,等.草甘膦对入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花和伴生植物白茅光合特性的影响[J].生态学报,2018(8):1-10.
[8]KANA R,SPUNDOVA M,ILIK P,et al.Effect of herbicide clomazone onphotosynthetic processes in primary barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)leaves[J].Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology,2004,78:161-170.
[9]赵薇,惠竹梅,唐俊峰.硒对水分胁迫下葡萄幼苗光合特性的影响[J].北方园艺,2011(22):6-9.
[10]DUAN F P,ZHANG M Y,FAN S G,et al.Effects of glufosinate on GS activityand photosynthetic function of bar-transgenic rice[J].Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology,2003,29(6):530-534.
[11]余凯凯,宋喜娥,高虹,等.不同施肥水平下多效唑对马铃薯光合及叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(1):154-163.
[12]王鹏,郭玮,马艳芸,等.苗期喷施草甘膦对大豆叶片生理指标的影响[J].山西农业科学,2016,44(8):1177-1180.
[13]刘瑞显,王友军,陈其林,等.花铃期干旱胁迫下氮素水平对棉花光合作用与叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(4):675-683.
[14]王正航,武仙山,昌小平,等.小麦旗叶叶绿素含量及荧光动力学参数与产量的灰色关联度分析[J].作物学报,2010,36(2):217-227.
[15]董彩霞,赵世杰,田纪春,等.不同浓度的硝酸盐对高蛋白小麦幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J].作物学报,2002,28(1):59-64.
[16]邵瑞鑫,上官周平.外源NO调控小麦幼苗生长与生理的浓度效应[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):302-309.
[17]王静,冯永忠,杨改河,等.小麦光合特性对二氧化碳浓度升高的响应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(3):179-183.
[18]杨华庚,林位夫.低温胁迫对油棕幼苗光合作用及叶绿素荧光特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(24):506-509.