近场宽带LFM信号被动测向和测距方法
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摘要
提出了一种采用分数阶傅里叶变换的聚焦波束形成被动定位方法,实现了水声近场宽带线性调频(linear frequency modulated,LFM)信号的被动测向和测距。建立了基于球面波模型的近场宽带LFM信号接收数据模型,应用分数阶傅里叶变换(fractional Fourier transform,FRFT)将LFM信号的时变阵列流形矩阵变换为固定阵列流形矩阵,结合近场声源的聚集波束形成技术,利用多重信号分类算法实现了对多个宽带LFM信号的方位与距离联合估计。数值仿真验证了该方法对水声目标方位和距离估计的有效性,并仿真分析信噪比、声源距离、声源个数等对该算法性能的影响。
A passive underwater acoustic localization method using fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)and focused beamformer is proposed.The direction-of-arrival and range information of the near-field broadband linear frequency modulated(LFM)signals can be estimated.The near-field spherical wave model for broadband LFM signal is introduced and the time-varying array manifold matrix corresponding to the LFM signals is changed into a fixed array manifold matrix by using FRFT.Combined with the near-field focused beamforming technology and multiple signal characteristics algorithm,the azimuths and distances of multiple broadband LFM signals will be estimated.The validity and efficiency of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments,and the performance of the proposed method is discussed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio,azimuth and distance of the underwater acoustic signal.
A passive underwater acoustic localization method using fractional Fourier transform(FRFT)and focused beamformer is proposed.The direction-of-arrival and range information of the near-field broadband linear frequency modulated(LFM)signals can be estimated.The near-field spherical wave model for broadband LFM signal is introduced and the time-varying array manifold matrix corresponding to the LFM signals is changed into a fixed array manifold matrix by using FRFT.Combined with the near-field focused beamforming technology and multiple signal characteristics algorithm,the azimuths and distances of multiple broadband LFM signals will be estimated.The validity and efficiency of the proposed method is verified by simulations and experiments,and the performance of the proposed method is discussed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio,azimuth and distance of the underwater acoustic signal.
引文
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[2]Aughenbaugh J M,La Cour B R,Gelb J M.Interference mitigation for multistatic active sonar[J].IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,2015,40(3):570-582.
[3]Liang J L,Xu L Z,Li J,et al.On designing the transmission and reception of multistatic continuous active sonar systems[J].IEEE Trans.on Aerospace and Electronic Systems,2014,50(1):285-299.
[4]Cirpan H A,Cekli E.Deterministic maximum likelihood approach for localization of near-field sources[J].International Journal of Electronics and Communications,2002,56(1):1-10.
[5]Hui J,Hu D,Hui J Y,et al.Researches on the measurement of distribution image of radiated noise using focused beamforming[J].Acta Acustica,2007,32(4):356-361.(惠娟,胡丹,惠俊英,等.聚焦波束形成声图测量原理研究[J].声学学报,2007,32(4):356-361.)
[6]Mei J D,Hui J Y,Hui J.Research on simulation of near field passive ranging with underwater acoustic image by focused beamforming[J].Journal of System Simulation,2008,20(5):1328-1333.(梅继丹,惠俊英,惠娟.聚焦波束形成声图近场被动定位技术仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2008,20(5):1328-1333.)
[7]Shi J,Yang D S,Liu B S,et al.Radiated noise sources nearfield location based on MVDR focused beamforming[J].Journal of Dalian Maritime University,2008,34(3):55-58.(时洁,杨德森,刘伯胜,等.基于MVDR聚焦波束形成的辐射噪声源近场定位方法[J].大连海事大学学报,2008,34(3):55-58.)
[8]Shi J,Yang D S.Coherent broadband MVDR focused beamforming based on vector sensor array processing[J].Journal of System Simulation,2010,22(2):473-477.(时洁,杨德森.矢量阵相干宽带MVDR聚焦波束形成[J].系统仿真学报,2010,22(2):473-477.)
[9]Jiang J J,Duan F J,Chen J,et al.Mixed near-field and far-field sources localization using the uniform linear sensor array[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2013,13(8):3136-3143.
[10]Liang J L,Liu D.Passive localization of mixed near-field and far-field sources using two-stage MUSIC algorithm[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,2010,58(1):108-120.
[11]Jafari A H,Liu W,Morgan D R.Study of sensor positions for broadband beamforming[J].IEEE Signal Processing Letters,2013,20(8):779-782.
[12]Jian Y,Xi X Q,Yu Y.A implementation method to constant beamwidth and adaptive beamforming of broadband signal[C]∥Proc.of the IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing,Communications and Computing,2014:394-397.
[13]Sam K A,Jesper R J,Mads G C.Fast joint DOA and pitch estimation using a broadband MVDR beamformer[C]∥Proc.of the 21st European Signal Processing Conference,2013:1-5.
[14]Tao R,Zhou Y S.A novel method for the direction of arrival estimation of wideband linear frequency modulated sources based on fractional fourier transform[J].Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology,2005,25(10):895-899.(陶然,周云松.基于分数阶傅里叶变换的宽带LFM信号波达方向估计新算法[J].北京理工大学学报,2005,25(10):895-899.)
[15]Yang X M,Tao R.2-D DOA estimation of LFM signals based on fractional fourier transform[J].Acta Electronica Sinica,2008,36(9):1737-1740.(杨小明,陶然.基于分数阶傅里叶变换的线性调频信号二维波达方向估计[J].电子学报,2008,36(9):1737-1740.)
[16]Liu S H,Shan T,Zhang Y M D,et al.A fast algorithm for multi-component LFM signal analysis exploiting segmented DPT and SDFrFT[C]∥Proc.of the IEEE International Radar Conference,2015:1139-1143.
[17]Wang R,Ma Y.DOA estimation of wideband linear frequency modulated pulse signals based on fractional fourier transform[J].Acta Armamentarii,2014,35(3):421-427.(王瑞,马艳.基于分数阶傅里叶变换的线性调频脉冲信号波达方向估计[J].兵工学报,2014,35(3):421-427.)
[18]Yin J W,Hui J Y,Cai P,et al.Underwater acoustic channel parameter estimation based on fractional fourier transforms[J].Systems Engineering and Electronics,2007,29(10):1624-1627.(殷敬伟,惠俊英,蔡平,等.基于分数阶Fourier变换的水声信道参数估计[J].系统工程与电子技术,2007,29(10):1624-1627.)
[19]Ozaktas H M,Arikan O,Kutay M A,et al.Digital computation of the fractional Fourier transform[J].IEEE Trans.on Signal Processing,1996,44(9):2141-2150.
[20]Feder M,Catipovic J A.Algorithm for joint channel estimation and data recovery-application to equalization in underwater communications[J].IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering,1991,16(1):42-55.