用于矢量水听器的弯曲圆盘型声压水听器
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摘要
针对在同振型矢量水听器中有效地复合声压通道的问题,提出一种采用压电双迭片结构的弯曲圆盘型声压水听器。压电双迭片由中心开孔的压电圆片和金属背衬组成,采用弯曲振动工作模式。为提高声压水听器的灵敏度,分别通过理论计算和有限元仿真的方法对双迭片结构进行了分析与优化设计,并制作了一只声压水听器样机用于实验验证。测试结果表明,声压水听器的灵敏度为-157 dB(0 dB re 1 V/μPa),在25 Hz~1000 Hz频带内分布平坦,并具有全指向性的特点。综合理论研究与实验室测试结果,这种弯曲圆盘型声压水听器成功满足了低频宽带声信号接收的需要,达到了复合同振型矢量水听器对声压通道的设计要求。
A flexural-disk hydrophone utilizing the piezoelectric unimorph is presented here to achieve the effective combination between pressure channel and the inertial acoustic vector sensor. The flexural-mode piezoelectric unimorph consists of a piezoelectric disk with a hole in the center and a metal substrate. To improve the pressure sensitivity of the hydrophone, theoretical analysis and finite element method were used to optimize the design of the piezoelectric unimorph, and a hydrophone prototype was fabricated and tested.It is shown from the experimental result that the hydrophone is provided with the sensitivity of-157 dB(0 dB re 1 V/μPa) with a less fluctuation over the bandwidth of 25 Hz~1000 Hz, and the directivity satisfies omni-directional characteristic well. Both theoretical researches and experimental results demonstrate that the piezoelectric unimorph-type hydrophone successfully achieves low-frequency broadband sound pressure signal reception, and meets the design requirement for the combined inertial acoustic vector sensor.
A flexural-disk hydrophone utilizing the piezoelectric unimorph is presented here to achieve the effective combination between pressure channel and the inertial acoustic vector sensor. The flexural-mode piezoelectric unimorph consists of a piezoelectric disk with a hole in the center and a metal substrate. To improve the pressure sensitivity of the hydrophone, theoretical analysis and finite element method were used to optimize the design of the piezoelectric unimorph, and a hydrophone prototype was fabricated and tested.It is shown from the experimental result that the hydrophone is provided with the sensitivity of-157 dB(0 dB re 1 V/μPa) with a less fluctuation over the bandwidth of 25 Hz~1000 Hz, and the directivity satisfies omni-directional characteristic well. Both theoretical researches and experimental results demonstrate that the piezoelectric unimorph-type hydrophone successfully achieves low-frequency broadband sound pressure signal reception, and meets the design requirement for the combined inertial acoustic vector sensor.
引文
[1]孙贵青,李启虎.声矢量传感器研究进展[J].声学学报,2004,29(6):481–490.SUN Guiqing,LI Qihu.Progress of study on acoustic veetor sensor[J].Acta Acustica,2004,29(6):481–490.
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[6]穆廷荣.金属和压电陶瓷构成的两层复合薄圆板的强迫振动[J].声学学报,1984,9(5):298–310.MU Tingrong.Forced vibration of the two-layer metal and piezoceramic composite thin circular plate with different diameter for each other[J].Acta Acustica,1984,9(5):298–310.
[7]潘晓娟,贺西平,宋希阳.双迭片压电振子的振动研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(3):125–127.PAN Xiaojuan,HE Xiping,SONG Xiyang.Analysis on bimorph flexural transducers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(3):125–127.
[8]VASSERGISER M E,VINNICHENKO A N,DOROSH A G.Calculation and investigation of flexural-mode piezoelectic disk transducers on passive substrate in reception and radiation[J].Sov.Phys.Acoust.,1992,38(6):558–561.
[9]MOFFETT M B,TRIVETT D H,KLIPPEL P J,et al.A piezoelectric,flexural-disk,neutrally buoyant,underwater accelerometer[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control,1998,45(5):1341–1346.
[10]MELLEN R H.The thermal-noise limit in the detection of underwater acoustic signals[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1952,24(5):478–480.
[11]SHERMAN C H,BUTLER J L.Transducers and arrays for underwater sound[M].Berlin:Springer,2007.
[12]MARK S,TORBEN R L.Piezoelectric accelerometer and vibration preamplifier handbook[M].Copenhagen:Denmark B&K Inc.,1986.
[2]梅继丹,孙大军,吕云飞,等.多目标对单矢量水听器俯仰角测量的影响研究[J].船舶力学,2015,19(10):1289–1293.MEI Jidan,SUN Dajun,LYU Yunfei,et al.Research on the influence of the multi-targets on the single vector hydrophone elevation measurement[J].Journal of Ship Mechanics,2015,19(10):1289–1293.
[3]孙贵青,杨德森,张揽月.基于矢量水听器的水下目标低频辐射噪声测量方法研究[J].声学学报,2002,27(5):429–434.SU Guiqing,YANG Desen,ZHANG Lanyue.Research for the method for measuring radiated noise by an underwater target in low frequency band based on the vector hydrophone[J].Acta Acustica,2002,27(5):429–434.
[4]贾志富.三维同振球型矢量水听器的特性及其结构设计[J].应用声学,2001,20(4):15–21.JIA Zhifu.Design and characteristics of a resonantsphere type three-dimensional vector hydrophone[J].Applied Acoustics,2001,20(4):15–21.
[5]洪连进,杨德森,时胜国,等.中频三轴向矢量水听器的研究[J].振动与冲击,2011,30(3):79–84.HONG Lianjin,YANG Desen,SHI Shengguo,et al.Study on a medium three dimensional co-oscillating vector hydrophone[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2011,30(3):79–84.
[6]穆廷荣.金属和压电陶瓷构成的两层复合薄圆板的强迫振动[J].声学学报,1984,9(5):298–310.MU Tingrong.Forced vibration of the two-layer metal and piezoceramic composite thin circular plate with different diameter for each other[J].Acta Acustica,1984,9(5):298–310.
[7]潘晓娟,贺西平,宋希阳.双迭片压电振子的振动研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(3):125–127.PAN Xiaojuan,HE Xiping,SONG Xiyang.Analysis on bimorph flexural transducers[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(3):125–127.
[8]VASSERGISER M E,VINNICHENKO A N,DOROSH A G.Calculation and investigation of flexural-mode piezoelectic disk transducers on passive substrate in reception and radiation[J].Sov.Phys.Acoust.,1992,38(6):558–561.
[9]MOFFETT M B,TRIVETT D H,KLIPPEL P J,et al.A piezoelectric,flexural-disk,neutrally buoyant,underwater accelerometer[J].IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics&Frequency Control,1998,45(5):1341–1346.
[10]MELLEN R H.The thermal-noise limit in the detection of underwater acoustic signals[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1952,24(5):478–480.
[11]SHERMAN C H,BUTLER J L.Transducers and arrays for underwater sound[M].Berlin:Springer,2007.
[12]MARK S,TORBEN R L.Piezoelectric accelerometer and vibration preamplifier handbook[M].Copenhagen:Denmark B&K Inc.,1986.