不同梨砧木幼苗钾营养效率的差异
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摘要
[目的]探讨不同钾水平下4种梨砧木幼苗钾营养特性的差异,为培育钾高效梨砧木提供优异种质和理论依据。[方法]以‘山梨’、‘杜梨Ⅰ’(湖北杜梨)、‘杜梨Ⅱ’(郑州杜梨)和‘豆梨’幼苗为供试材料,采用适钾(3.0 mmol·L~(-1))和低钾(0.1 mmol·L~(-1))2个营养液培养方法,研究钾素对梨不同砧木幼苗生长,钾、钙、镁含量,钾素分配和利用效率的影响。[结果]低钾处理下,各个品种梨砧木幼苗的根、茎、叶及全株干质量均低于适钾处理,其中‘山梨’的下降幅度最小;‘山梨’的根总长和根尖数在低钾处理下均升高,但其他品种的根系参数都有不同程度的下降。低钾处理导致梨砧木幼苗体内钾浓度及钾积累量降低,钙、镁含量升高,且与其他品种相比,‘山梨’的升高幅度最大。在不同钾水平处理下,各个品种梨砧木幼苗各器官的钾分配比例从大到小的器官分别为叶、根、茎;与其他品种叶片相比,‘山梨’叶片中的钾分配比例最高。低钾处理显著提高了各个品种梨砧木幼苗的钾利用效率,‘山梨’的增加幅度最大,其钾效率比及钾利用效率均高于其他品种。此外,‘山梨’幼苗的叶绿素含量均显著高于其他品种钾处理;在低钾处理下,‘山梨’幼苗根和叶中丙二醛含量的增加量均较低。[结论]在低钾胁迫下,‘山梨’幼苗具有较有利的生理特性和更高效的钾素利用能力,适应低钾胁迫。
[Objectives]Four varieties of pear rootstock seedlings were used to investigate the differences in the potassium nutrition characteristics under moderate and low potassium levels. It aimed to apply the superior pear germplasm resources and offer a theoretical basis for breeding potassium high efficient pear varieties. [Methods]Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim,P. betulifolia Bunge(P. betulifolia from Hubei and P. betulifolia from Zhengzhou) and P. calleryana Dcne were supplied by 3.0 and 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) K~+ .Plant height,dry weight,potassium content,calcium content,magnesium content and potassium accumulation in each part of pear rootstock seedlings,root morphological traits,potassium use efficiency,chlorophyll content and MDA content were studied. [Results]The low K~+ stress led to significantly decreasing root,stem,leaf and whole plant dry weight of all pear rootstocks compared with moderate K~+ level,and P. ussuriensis Maxim dropped the smallest. Root total length and apex number of P. ussuriensis Maxim increased under low K~+ level,while the root parameters of other varieties decreased in different degrees. Low K~+ condition decreased K~+ contents and K~+ accumulations and increased Ca~(2+) contents and Mg~(2+) contents in each part of pear rootstock seedlings,and the increase of P. ussuriensis Maxim was the largest compared with others. At different K~+ levels,the potassium distribution ratio order of pear rootstock seedlings showed leaf,root,stem,and the proportion of potassium in the leaves of P. ussuriensis Maxim was the highest.The potassium utilization efficiency of all varieties pear rootstocks significantly increased under low K~+ level,and P. ussuriensis Maxim was the largest increase. And the potassium efficient ratio and potassium utilization efficiency of P. ussuriensis Maxim were higher than others. Additionally,the chlorophyll contents of P. ussuriensis Maxim were significantly higher than those of other varieties under different potassium treatments. Under low K~+ level,the increase of root and shoot MDA content of P. ussuriensis Maxim were lower than others. [Conclusions]Our results suggested that P. ussuriensis Maxim had the better physiological characteristics and the higher potassium utilization efficiency to adapt to the low K~+ stress.
[Objectives]Four varieties of pear rootstock seedlings were used to investigate the differences in the potassium nutrition characteristics under moderate and low potassium levels. It aimed to apply the superior pear germplasm resources and offer a theoretical basis for breeding potassium high efficient pear varieties. [Methods]Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim,P. betulifolia Bunge(P. betulifolia from Hubei and P. betulifolia from Zhengzhou) and P. calleryana Dcne were supplied by 3.0 and 0.1 mmol·L~(-1) K~+ .Plant height,dry weight,potassium content,calcium content,magnesium content and potassium accumulation in each part of pear rootstock seedlings,root morphological traits,potassium use efficiency,chlorophyll content and MDA content were studied. [Results]The low K~+ stress led to significantly decreasing root,stem,leaf and whole plant dry weight of all pear rootstocks compared with moderate K~+ level,and P. ussuriensis Maxim dropped the smallest. Root total length and apex number of P. ussuriensis Maxim increased under low K~+ level,while the root parameters of other varieties decreased in different degrees. Low K~+ condition decreased K~+ contents and K~+ accumulations and increased Ca~(2+) contents and Mg~(2+) contents in each part of pear rootstock seedlings,and the increase of P. ussuriensis Maxim was the largest compared with others. At different K~+ levels,the potassium distribution ratio order of pear rootstock seedlings showed leaf,root,stem,and the proportion of potassium in the leaves of P. ussuriensis Maxim was the highest.The potassium utilization efficiency of all varieties pear rootstocks significantly increased under low K~+ level,and P. ussuriensis Maxim was the largest increase. And the potassium efficient ratio and potassium utilization efficiency of P. ussuriensis Maxim were higher than others. Additionally,the chlorophyll contents of P. ussuriensis Maxim were significantly higher than those of other varieties under different potassium treatments. Under low K~+ level,the increase of root and shoot MDA content of P. ussuriensis Maxim were lower than others. [Conclusions]Our results suggested that P. ussuriensis Maxim had the better physiological characteristics and the higher potassium utilization efficiency to adapt to the low K~+ stress.
引文
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[22]郝艳淑,姜存仓,王晓丽,等.不同棉花基因型钾效率特征及其根系形态的差异[J].作物学报,2011,37(11):2094-2098.Hao Y S,Jiang C C,Wang X L,et al.Differences of potassium efficiency characteristics and root morphology between two cotton genotypes[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(11):2094-2098(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[24]刘建祥,杨肖娥,杨玉爱,等.低钾胁迫下水稻钾高效基因型若干生长特性和营养特性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(2):190-195.Liu J X,Yang X E,Yang Y A,et al.Some agronomic and nutritional characteristics for potassium efficient rice genotypes under low potassium stress[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2003,9(2):190-195(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]王晓光,李春红,赵新华,等.低钾胁迫下不同大豆品种钾吸收利用效率的差异分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(1):7-12.Wang X G,Li C H,Zhao X H,et al.Differences in the potassium uptake and utilization efficiency of different genotype soybeans under the low-potassium stress[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2013,44(1):7-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]姜存仓,陈防,高祥照,等.低钾胁迫下两个不同钾效率棉花基因型的生长及营养特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):488-493.Jiang C C,Chen F,Gao X Z,et al.Different responses to potassium stress between potassium high efficiency and potassium low efficiency cotton genotypes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(2):488-493(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]Gerardeaux E,Jordan-Meille L,Constantin J,et al.Changes in plant morphology and dry matter partitioning caused by potassium deficiency in Gossypium hirsuium(L.)[J].Environ Exp Bot,2010,67:451-459.
[28]Steingrobe B,Claassen N.Potassium dynamics in the rhizosphere and K efficiency of crop[J].J Plant Nutr Soil Sci,2000,163:101-106.
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[2]汪耀富,王佩,宋世旭,等.渗透胁迫对不同供钾水平烤烟叶片多胺含量的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(1):133-136.DOI:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.2008.01.027.Wang Y F,Wang P,Song S X,et al.Effect of osmotic stress on contents of polyamines in flue-cured to bacco leaves under different supplying level of potassium[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2008,31(1):133-136(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]薛志勇.苹果树栽培中的钾素营养[J].河北果树,2004(2):1.Xue Z Y.Potassium nutrition in apple tree cultivation[J].Hebei Fruits,2004(2):1(in Chinese).
[4]金会翠,张林森,李丙智,等.增施钾肥对红富士苹果叶片营养及果实品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(3):100-104.Jin H C,Zhang L S,Li B Z,et al.Effect of potassium on the leaf nutrition and quality of Red Fuji apple[J].Acta Agriculturae BorealiOccidentalis Sinica,2007,16(3):100-104(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]王毅,武维华.植物钾营养高效分子遗传机制[J].植物学报,2009,44(1):27-36.Wang Y,Wu W H.Molecular genetic mechanism of high efficient potassium[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2009,44(1):27-36(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]Samal D,Kovar J L,Steingrobe B,et al.Potassium uptake efficiency and dynamics in the rhizosphere of maize(Zea mays L.),wheat(Triticum aestivum L.),and sugar beet(Beta vulgaris L.)evaluated with a mechanistic model[J].Plant Soil,2010,332:105-121.
[7]Schwarz D,ztekin G B,Tüzel Y,et al.Rootstocks can enhance tomato growth and quality characteristics at low potassium supply[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,149:70-79.
[8]Huang Y,Li J,Hua B,et al.Grafting onto different rootstocks as a means to improve watermelon tolerance to low potassium stress[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2013,149:80-85.
[9]Graham R D,Gregorio G.Breeding for nutritional characteristic in cereals[J].Novartis Found Symp,2001,236:205-214.
[10]刘国栋,刘更另.籼稻耐低钾基因型的筛选[J].作物学报,2002,28(2):161-166.Liu G D,Liu G L.Screening indica rice for K-efficient genotypes[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2002,28(2):161-166(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]Hu C X,Wang Y H.Variation among wheat varieties in characteristics of potassium uptake and distribution,and potassium nutrition efficiency[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,2000,19(3):233-239.
[12]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.Wang X K.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006(in Chinese).
[13]Chang C,Li C,Li C Y,et al.Differences in the efficiency of potassium(K)uptake and use in five apple rootstock genotypes[J].Journal of Integrative Agriculture,2014,13(9):1934-1942.
[14]王意琼,刘会玲,王艳群,等.钾对不同基因型玉米生长、体内钾循环和分配的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(4):773-780.Wang Y Q,Liu H L,Wang Y Q,et al.Effects of potassium on plant growth,potassium cycle and distribution in different maize genotypes[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(4):773-780(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]Fan M L,Huang Y,Zhong Y Q,et al.Comparative transcriptome profiling of potassium starvation responsiveness in two contrasting watermelongenotypes[J].Planta,2014,239:397-410.
[16]徐国华,鲍士旦,杨建平,等.不同作物吸钾能力及其与根系参数的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,1995,18(1):49-52.DOI:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.1995.01.010.Xue G H,Bao S D,Yang J P,et al.The relationship between potassium absorption ability and root parameters of different crops[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,1995,18(1):49-52(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]邹春琴,李振声,李继云.小麦对钾高效吸收的根系形态学和生理学特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2001,7(1):36-43.Zou C Q,Li Z S,Li J Y.Study on difference in morpholofical and physiological characters of wheat varieties to potassium[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2001,7(1):36-43(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]Rosolem C A,Silva R H,Esteves J A F.Potassium supply to cotton roots as affected by potassium fertilization and liming[J].Pesq Agropec Bras,2003,38:635-641.
[19]Brouder S M,Cassman K G.Root development of two cotton cultivars in relation to potassium uptake and plant growth in a vermiculitic soil[J].Field Crops Res,1990,23:187-203.
[20]Hassan Z U,Arshad M.Cotton growth under potassium deficiency stress is influenced by photosynthetic apparatus and root system[J].Pak J Bot,2010,42:917-925.
[21]王英珍,张虎平,黄小三,等.钾在梨树内的分配及对梨树生长和叶片光合能力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(1):60-67.DOI:10.7685/jnau.201603054.Wang Y Z,Zhang H P,Huang X S,et al.Effect of potassium supply on plant potassium distribution and growth and leaf photosynthetic capacity of Pyrus pyrifolia[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2017,40(1):60-67(in Chinese with English abstract).
[22]郝艳淑,姜存仓,王晓丽,等.不同棉花基因型钾效率特征及其根系形态的差异[J].作物学报,2011,37(11):2094-2098.Hao Y S,Jiang C C,Wang X L,et al.Differences of potassium efficiency characteristics and root morphology between two cotton genotypes[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2011,37(11):2094-2098(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]崔国贤,李宗道.植物钾营养基因型的差异及其机理研究进展[J].作物研究,1997(1):43-48.Cui G X,Li Z D.Advance in studies on differences and mechanisms of plant potassium nutrition genotypes[J].Crop Research,1997(1):43-48(in Chinese).
[24]刘建祥,杨肖娥,杨玉爱,等.低钾胁迫下水稻钾高效基因型若干生长特性和营养特性的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(2):190-195.Liu J X,Yang X E,Yang Y A,et al.Some agronomic and nutritional characteristics for potassium efficient rice genotypes under low potassium stress[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2003,9(2):190-195(in Chinese with English abstract).
[25]王晓光,李春红,赵新华,等.低钾胁迫下不同大豆品种钾吸收利用效率的差异分析[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2013,44(1):7-12.Wang X G,Li C H,Zhao X H,et al.Differences in the potassium uptake and utilization efficiency of different genotype soybeans under the low-potassium stress[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2013,44(1):7-12(in Chinese with English abstract).
[26]姜存仓,陈防,高祥照,等.低钾胁迫下两个不同钾效率棉花基因型的生长及营养特性研究[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):488-493.Jiang C C,Chen F,Gao X Z,et al.Different responses to potassium stress between potassium high efficiency and potassium low efficiency cotton genotypes[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,41(2):488-493(in Chinese with English abstract).
[27]Gerardeaux E,Jordan-Meille L,Constantin J,et al.Changes in plant morphology and dry matter partitioning caused by potassium deficiency in Gossypium hirsuium(L.)[J].Environ Exp Bot,2010,67:451-459.
[28]Steingrobe B,Claassen N.Potassium dynamics in the rhizosphere and K efficiency of crop[J].J Plant Nutr Soil Sci,2000,163:101-106.
[29]Fernando A,Manuel N C,Vicente M,et al.Root K+acquisition in plants:the Arabidopsis thaliana model[J].Plant Cell Physiology,2011,52(9):1603-1612.
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