4种梨实生苗硝态氮和铵态氮利用特性研究
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摘要
为探讨不同梨实生苗对硝态氮和铵态氮的利用特性,以一年生杜梨、豆梨、川梨、木梨为试验材料,采用~(15)NH_4NO_3和NH_4~(15)NO_3分别标记的方法,研究不同氮素形态对4种梨实生苗生长发育、根系形态及氮素吸收的影响。结果表明,木梨的地上部干重和总干重均最大,分别为20. 56和29. 21 g,其次是川梨和豆梨,杜梨最小。川梨根系干重最大,为8. 80 g,其次是木梨,二者均显著高于豆梨和杜梨。根系总表面积、总根长、根尖数均以川梨最大,杜梨最小;根系活力以木梨最大,为2. 04 mg·g~(-1)·h~(-1),杜梨最小。4种实生苗标记硝态氮处理各器官吸收分配到的~(15)N量对该器官全氮量的贡献(Ndff)均高于标记铵态氮处理;不管是标记硝态氮还是铵态氮,~(15)N分配率均以叶最高,其次是根和茎。4种实生苗对硝态氮的利用率均高于铵态氮,其中木梨对硝态氮的利用率最高,为16. 37%,且显著高于其他3种实生苗;川梨对铵态氮的利用率最高,为7. 92%,但与木梨差异不显著,显著高于杜梨和豆梨。本研究为不同梨实生苗的氮素吸收特性和氮素营养管理的深入研究提供了科学依据。
To explore the utilization characteristics of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in different pear seedlings,four kinds of one-year-old pear seedlings [P. betulifolia Bge.,P. calleryana Dcne.,P. pashia D. Don.,P. xerophila Yü]were used to study the characteristics of growth,root morphology,and absorption and distribution of nitrogen labeled NH_4~(15)NO_3 and~(15)NH_4 NO_3. The results were as follows: the dry weight of above ground and total dry weight of P.xerophila Yü were the highest,and the value were 20. 56 g and 29. 21 g,followed by P. pashia D. Don. and P.calleryana Dcne,the lowest was found in P. betulifolia Bge. The dry weight of root of P. pashia D. Don. was the highest( 8. 80 g),followed by P. xerophila Yü,and they were significantly higher than that in P. calleryana Dcne and P.betulifolia Bge. The highest root surface area,total root length and root tips were found in P. pashia D. Don.,while the least appeared in P. betulifolia Bge. The highest root activity appeared in P. xerophila Yü( 2. 04 mg·g~(-1) h~(-1)),while the value in P. betulifolia Bge. was lowest. The Ndff value of NO_3~--~(15)N in the four kinds of seedlings were higher than that of NH_4~+-~(15)N. The~(15)N distribution rate was not affected by different nitrogen forms,and the highest value was found in leaves,followed by roots and stems. The NO_3~--~(15)N utilization efficiency of the four kinds of seedlings was higher than that of NH_4~+-~(15)N. The highest~(15)NO_3-N utilization efficiency was found in P. xerophila Yü( 16. 37%),which was significantly higher than that of the other three seedlings. The highest~(15)NH_4+-N utilization efficiency was found in P. pashia D. Don.( 7. 92%) with no significant difference when compared with P. xerophila Yü,but it was significantly higher than that in P. betulifolia Bge. and P. calleryana Dcne. Therefore,this study provide a scientific basis for further study on nitrogen utilization characteristics and nitrogen management of pear seedlings.
To explore the utilization characteristics of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in different pear seedlings,four kinds of one-year-old pear seedlings [P. betulifolia Bge.,P. calleryana Dcne.,P. pashia D. Don.,P. xerophila Yü]were used to study the characteristics of growth,root morphology,and absorption and distribution of nitrogen labeled NH_4~(15)NO_3 and~(15)NH_4 NO_3. The results were as follows: the dry weight of above ground and total dry weight of P.xerophila Yü were the highest,and the value were 20. 56 g and 29. 21 g,followed by P. pashia D. Don. and P.calleryana Dcne,the lowest was found in P. betulifolia Bge. The dry weight of root of P. pashia D. Don. was the highest( 8. 80 g),followed by P. xerophila Yü,and they were significantly higher than that in P. calleryana Dcne and P.betulifolia Bge. The highest root surface area,total root length and root tips were found in P. pashia D. Don.,while the least appeared in P. betulifolia Bge. The highest root activity appeared in P. xerophila Yü( 2. 04 mg·g~(-1) h~(-1)),while the value in P. betulifolia Bge. was lowest. The Ndff value of NO_3~--~(15)N in the four kinds of seedlings were higher than that of NH_4~+-~(15)N. The~(15)N distribution rate was not affected by different nitrogen forms,and the highest value was found in leaves,followed by roots and stems. The NO_3~--~(15)N utilization efficiency of the four kinds of seedlings was higher than that of NH_4~+-~(15)N. The highest~(15)NO_3-N utilization efficiency was found in P. xerophila Yü( 16. 37%),which was significantly higher than that of the other three seedlings. The highest~(15)NH_4+-N utilization efficiency was found in P. pashia D. Don.( 7. 92%) with no significant difference when compared with P. xerophila Yü,but it was significantly higher than that in P. betulifolia Bge. and P. calleryana Dcne. Therefore,this study provide a scientific basis for further study on nitrogen utilization characteristics and nitrogen management of pear seedlings.
引文
[1]董彩霞,姜海波,赵静文,徐阳春.我国主要梨园施肥现状分析[J].土壤,2012,44(5):754-761
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[3]赵静,李欣,张鲜鲜,章超,沈向,王洪强,陈浪波.土壤p H值对黄金梨果实品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(27):13037-13040
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[5]康晓育,孙协平,常聪,马锋旺,邹养军.氮素形态对不同苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):133-138
[6]徐飞,祝鹏飞,束良佐,王荣富,任伟,葛吉源,曹利锋.分根交替灌溉下氮形态对番茄苗期光合日进程的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):123-130
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[9]薛杨,宋健坤,李鼎立,马春晖,王然.梨砧木种质资源的SSR遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(6):1190-1195
[10]安华明,樊卫国,何承鹏,张景荣.缺铁胁迫下4种野生梨砧木介质p H值及根系Fe3+还原酶活性的变化[J].果树学报,2004,21(1):64-66
[11]樊卫国,李迎春.部分梨砧木的叶片组织结构与抗旱性的关系[J].果树学报,2008,25(1):17-21
[12]唐明,王文丽,周莹,冯轶,韦军.豆梨和杜梨砧木根系中多胺代谢与高温胁迫的关系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(6):2423-2425
[13]玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,李疆.利用隶属函数法综合评价梨砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129
[14]杨春霞,李勇梅.双氰胺对不同形态氮在红壤中转化的影响[J].生态环境,2005,14(3):357-360
[15]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:119-120
[16]顾曼如.15N在苹果氮素营养研究中的应用[J].中国果树,1990(2):46-48
[17] Kiba T,Krapp A. Plant nitrogen acquisition under low availability:regulation of uptake and root architecture[J]. Plant Cell Physiol,2016,57(4):707-714
[18]王海宁,葛顺峰,姜远茂,魏绍冲,彭福田,陈倩.苹果砧木生长及吸收利用硝态氮和铵态氮特性比较[J].园艺学报,2012,39(2):343-348
[19]樊卫国,葛会敏.不同形态及配比的氮肥对枳砧脐橙幼树生长及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(13):2666-2675
[20] O'Brien J A,Vega A,Bouguyon E,Krouk G,Gojon A,Coruzzi G,Gutiérrez R A. Nitrate transport,sensing,and responses in plants[J]. Molecular Plant,2016,9(6):837-856
[21] Malgorzata R. Response of nitrate reductase activity and NIA genes expression in roots of Arabidopsis hxk1 mutant treated with selected carbon and nitrogen metabolites[J]. Plant Science,2015,230:51-58
[22] Dathe A,Postma J A,Postma-Blaauw M B,Lynch J P. Impact of axial root growth angles on nitrogen acquisition in maize depends on environmental conditions[J]. Annals of Botany,2016,118(3):401-414
[23]白钰,唐晓清,施晟璐,王雨,杨月,王永中,王康才.氮营养对菘蓝生长及活性成分积累的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):169-178
[24] Zhang H,Khan A,Tan D K Y,Luo H. Rational water and nitrogen management improves root growth,increases yield and maintains water use efficiency of cotton under mulch drip irrigation[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:912
[25]段有强,黄明,李友军,李强,孙华尊,吕瑞珍,李晓波.硝态氮和铵态氮及其配施对专用型小麦蛋白质和GMP含量的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):161-167
[26] Chen C,Xu F,Zhu J R,Wang R F,Xu Z H,Shu L Z,Xu W W.Nitrogen forms affect root growth,photosynthesis,and yield of tomato under alternate partial root-zone irrigation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2016,179:104-112
[27]邢素芝,汪建飞,李孝良,邹海明.氮肥形态及配比对菠菜生长和安全品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):527-534
[28]王晋,周相助,胡海非,占丽英,张巧柔,钟凤林,林义章.硝态和铵态氮配比对水培油麦菜苗期生长及生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(3):542-550
[2]赵静,沈向,李欣,胡静静,王洪强,陈浪波.梨园土壤pH值与其有效养分相关性分析[J].北方园艺,2009,34(11):5-8
[3]赵静,李欣,张鲜鲜,章超,沈向,王洪强,陈浪波.土壤p H值对黄金梨果实品质的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(27):13037-13040
[4]刘秀杰,宫占元.植物氮素吸收利用研究进展[J].现代化农业,2012,34(8):20-21
[5]康晓育,孙协平,常聪,马锋旺,邹养军.氮素形态对不同苹果砧木幼苗生长的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2013,41(6):133-138
[6]徐飞,祝鹏飞,束良佐,王荣富,任伟,葛吉源,曹利锋.分根交替灌溉下氮形态对番茄苗期光合日进程的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):123-130
[7]葛会敏,樊卫国.不同形态氮源及其配比对石灰性黄壤上纽荷尔脐橙光合特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(4):401-408
[8]赵静,赵娜娜,宋健坤,孙华丽,王然. 5个中间砧对‘黄金梨’生长、结果及叶片矿质元素积累的影响[J].园艺学报,2016,43(7):1367-1376
[9]薛杨,宋健坤,李鼎立,马春晖,王然.梨砧木种质资源的SSR遗传多样性分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2013,14(6):1190-1195
[10]安华明,樊卫国,何承鹏,张景荣.缺铁胁迫下4种野生梨砧木介质p H值及根系Fe3+还原酶活性的变化[J].果树学报,2004,21(1):64-66
[11]樊卫国,李迎春.部分梨砧木的叶片组织结构与抗旱性的关系[J].果树学报,2008,25(1):17-21
[12]唐明,王文丽,周莹,冯轶,韦军.豆梨和杜梨砧木根系中多胺代谢与高温胁迫的关系研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(6):2423-2425
[13]玉苏甫·阿不力提甫,阿依古丽·铁木儿,帕提曼·阿布都热合曼,李疆.利用隶属函数法综合评价梨砧木抗寒性[J].中国农业大学学报,2014,19(3):121-129
[14]杨春霞,李勇梅.双氰胺对不同形态氮在红壤中转化的影响[J].生态环境,2005,14(3):357-360
[15]李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:119-120
[16]顾曼如.15N在苹果氮素营养研究中的应用[J].中国果树,1990(2):46-48
[17] Kiba T,Krapp A. Plant nitrogen acquisition under low availability:regulation of uptake and root architecture[J]. Plant Cell Physiol,2016,57(4):707-714
[18]王海宁,葛顺峰,姜远茂,魏绍冲,彭福田,陈倩.苹果砧木生长及吸收利用硝态氮和铵态氮特性比较[J].园艺学报,2012,39(2):343-348
[19]樊卫国,葛会敏.不同形态及配比的氮肥对枳砧脐橙幼树生长及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(13):2666-2675
[20] O'Brien J A,Vega A,Bouguyon E,Krouk G,Gojon A,Coruzzi G,Gutiérrez R A. Nitrate transport,sensing,and responses in plants[J]. Molecular Plant,2016,9(6):837-856
[21] Malgorzata R. Response of nitrate reductase activity and NIA genes expression in roots of Arabidopsis hxk1 mutant treated with selected carbon and nitrogen metabolites[J]. Plant Science,2015,230:51-58
[22] Dathe A,Postma J A,Postma-Blaauw M B,Lynch J P. Impact of axial root growth angles on nitrogen acquisition in maize depends on environmental conditions[J]. Annals of Botany,2016,118(3):401-414
[23]白钰,唐晓清,施晟璐,王雨,杨月,王永中,王康才.氮营养对菘蓝生长及活性成分积累的影响[J].核农学报,2017,31(1):169-178
[24] Zhang H,Khan A,Tan D K Y,Luo H. Rational water and nitrogen management improves root growth,increases yield and maintains water use efficiency of cotton under mulch drip irrigation[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2017,8:912
[25]段有强,黄明,李友军,李强,孙华尊,吕瑞珍,李晓波.硝态氮和铵态氮及其配施对专用型小麦蛋白质和GMP含量的影响[J].核农学报,2014,28(1):161-167
[26] Chen C,Xu F,Zhu J R,Wang R F,Xu Z H,Shu L Z,Xu W W.Nitrogen forms affect root growth,photosynthesis,and yield of tomato under alternate partial root-zone irrigation[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2016,179:104-112
[27]邢素芝,汪建飞,李孝良,邹海明.氮肥形态及配比对菠菜生长和安全品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):527-534
[28]王晋,周相助,胡海非,占丽英,张巧柔,钟凤林,林义章.硝态和铵态氮配比对水培油麦菜苗期生长及生理特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(3):542-550