果园风送式喷雾机防治效果试验
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摘要
为明确风送条件下不同农药制剂浓度对病虫害防治效果的影响,以虫口减退率和病情指数为指标,测试2种农药对梨蚜虫、梨黑斑病的田间防治效果;同时利用荧光试剂研究雾滴在冠层内的沉积分布,提出适应风送式施药的药液质量浓度范围。结果表明:果园风送喷雾机行驶速度1 m/s、风机转速1 200 r/min、单侧流量7.2 L/min工作条件下,喷施药液量为0.24 L/棵,比人工喷施减少药量33.3%。风送式喷施0.4 g/L的10%吡虫啉防治梨蚜虫,14 d后防效可以达到人工喷施0.8 g/L农药防治效果,药剂质量为0.096 g/棵,为人工施药的1/3。风送式喷雾防治效果随药液质量浓度增加而提高。风送式喷施0.75 g/L、1.0 g/L、1.5 g/L 3种质量浓度的75%百菌清防治梨黑斑病,第14天防效为46.52%、44.46%、55.63%,防效均显著优于人工喷施1.0 g/L质量浓度的农药。喷施0.75 g/L农药的药剂用量为0.18 g/棵,为人工施药时的1/2。风送式施药雾滴空间分布情况更好,可以参考人工作业减少1/3药液喷施量,同时适当增加药液质量浓度以求达到更好防效,实际喷施药剂量建议为人工作业的1/3~1/2。
To define different effects of several concentrations pesticide for pest prevention under airassisted spraying condition,pest population decline rate and disease index were used to test effects of two kinds pesticide which were applied to pear aphids and pear black spot. Furthermore,the droplets distribution inside the canopy was also analyzed with Brilliant sulfaflavine,and the reasonable range of pesticide concentration for air-assisted spraying application was proposed. The results showed that: the amount of pesticide was 0. 24 L per tree,which was decreased by 33. 3% compared to artificial spraying under the condition that the sprayer speed was 1 m / s,the rotary speed of fan was 1 200 r / min,and the wind flow was 7. 2 L / min in one side. Compared to artificial spraying,air-assisted spraying application can achieve better control effect with the same quality of pesticides. The distribution of droplets under airassisted condition was better than traditional way,and the amount of pesticide was suggested 1 /3 that of artificial spraying,at the same time,the concentration could be increased properly in order to reach better effect,and the actual pesticide mass was suggested 1 /3 ~ 1 /2 that of artificial spraying.
To define different effects of several concentrations pesticide for pest prevention under airassisted spraying condition,pest population decline rate and disease index were used to test effects of two kinds pesticide which were applied to pear aphids and pear black spot. Furthermore,the droplets distribution inside the canopy was also analyzed with Brilliant sulfaflavine,and the reasonable range of pesticide concentration for air-assisted spraying application was proposed. The results showed that: the amount of pesticide was 0. 24 L per tree,which was decreased by 33. 3% compared to artificial spraying under the condition that the sprayer speed was 1 m / s,the rotary speed of fan was 1 200 r / min,and the wind flow was 7. 2 L / min in one side. Compared to artificial spraying,air-assisted spraying application can achieve better control effect with the same quality of pesticides. The distribution of droplets under airassisted condition was better than traditional way,and the amount of pesticide was suggested 1 /3 that of artificial spraying,at the same time,the concentration could be increased properly in order to reach better effect,and the actual pesticide mass was suggested 1 /3 ~ 1 /2 that of artificial spraying.
引文
1 翟长远,王秀,葛纪帅,等.风送喷雾雾滴粒径测量系统设计与影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(19):33-38.Zhai Changyuan,Wang Xiu,Ge Jishuai,et al.Design of droplet size measuring system of air-assisted spraying and experiment on its influencing factors[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2012,28(19):33-38.(in Chinese)
2 宋坚利,何雄奎,张京,等.“Π”型循环喷雾机设计[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(4):31-36.Song Jianli,He Xiongkui,Zhang Jing,et al.Design of“Π”-type recycling tunnel sprayer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(4):31-36.(in Chinese)
3 宋淑然,王卫星,洪添胜,等.水稻田农药喷雾上层植株雾滴截留影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):114-117 .Song Shuran,Wang Weixing,Hong Tiansheng,et al.Testing research on effects of top layer rice fog drop interception on pesticide spraying distribution in rice fields[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003,19(6):114-117.(in Chinese)
4 Gu Jiabing,Zhu Heping,Ding Weimin,et al.Droplet size distribution of adjuvant-amended sprays from an air-assisted five-port PWM nozzle[J].Atomization and Sprays,2011,21(3):263-274.
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6 邱白晶,徐溪超,邓斌,等.射流混药装置面积比对混药均匀性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):95-100,83.Qiu Baijing,Xu Xichao,Deng Bin,et al.Effect of area ratio on mixing homogeneity in jet-mixing apparatus[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):95-100,83.(in Chinese)
7 邱白晶,殷磊.基于近红外光谱技术的叶面药液浓度检测[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(9):197-201,208.Qiu Baijing,Yin Lei.Measurement of pesticide concentration on the leaf based on Vis/NIR spectroscope[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(9):197-201,208.(in Chinese)
8 邱威,丁为民,汪小旵,等.3WZ-700型自走式果园风送定向喷雾机[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(4):26-30,44.Qiu Wei,Ding Weimin,Wang Xiaochan,et al.3WZ-700 self-propelled air-blowing orchard sprayer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(4):26-30,44.(in Chinese)
9 邱威.自走式果园风送定向喷雾机的研制与试验[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Qiu Wei.Development and experimental research of self-propelled air assisted orchard sprayer[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
10 GB/T 17980.9—2000田间药效试验准则(一)杀虫剂防治果树蚜虫[S].2000.
11 GB/T 17980.24—2000田间药效试验准则(一)杀菌剂防治梨黑星病[S].2000.
12 陈尤嘉,楼曼庆,黄福旦,等.担架式喷雾机防治水稻二迁害虫的喷液量试验[J].浙江农业科学,2012(7):997-998.
13 禹明甫,杨留成.五种杀菌剂防治梨黑斑病田间药效试验[J].北方园艺,2008(4):240-241.
14 高圆圆,张玉涛,张宁,等.小型无人机低空喷洒在小麦田的雾滴沉积分布及对小麦吸浆虫的防治效果初探[J].作物杂志,2013(2):139-142.Gao Yuanyuan,Zhang Yutao,Zhang Ning,et al.Primary studies on spray droplets distribution and control of aerial spraying using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)against wheat midge[J].Crops,2013(2):139-142.(in Chinese)
15 冯超,张成省,王静,等.烟田农药有效利用率的喷雾法研究[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(1):52-55.Feng Chao,Zhang Chengsheng,Wang Jing,et al.Comparison of different vaporizers for the evaluation of pesticide efficacy in tobacco field[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2011,32(1):52-55.(in Chinese)
2 宋坚利,何雄奎,张京,等.“Π”型循环喷雾机设计[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(4):31-36.Song Jianli,He Xiongkui,Zhang Jing,et al.Design of“Π”-type recycling tunnel sprayer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(4):31-36.(in Chinese)
3 宋淑然,王卫星,洪添胜,等.水稻田农药喷雾上层植株雾滴截留影响的试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2003,19(6):114-117 .Song Shuran,Wang Weixing,Hong Tiansheng,et al.Testing research on effects of top layer rice fog drop interception on pesticide spraying distribution in rice fields[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2003,19(6):114-117.(in Chinese)
4 Gu Jiabing,Zhu Heping,Ding Weimin,et al.Droplet size distribution of adjuvant-amended sprays from an air-assisted five-port PWM nozzle[J].Atomization and Sprays,2011,21(3):263-274.
5 Cross J V,Walklate P J,Murray R A,et al.Spray deposits and losses in different sized apple trees from an axial fan orchard sprayer:3.effects of air volumetric flow rate[J].Crop Protection,2003,22(2):381-394.
6 邱白晶,徐溪超,邓斌,等.射流混药装置面积比对混药均匀性的影响[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(10):95-100,83.Qiu Baijing,Xu Xichao,Deng Bin,et al.Effect of area ratio on mixing homogeneity in jet-mixing apparatus[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(10):95-100,83.(in Chinese)
7 邱白晶,殷磊.基于近红外光谱技术的叶面药液浓度检测[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(9):197-201,208.Qiu Baijing,Yin Lei.Measurement of pesticide concentration on the leaf based on Vis/NIR spectroscope[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(9):197-201,208.(in Chinese)
8 邱威,丁为民,汪小旵,等.3WZ-700型自走式果园风送定向喷雾机[J].农业机械学报,2012,43(4):26-30,44.Qiu Wei,Ding Weimin,Wang Xiaochan,et al.3WZ-700 self-propelled air-blowing orchard sprayer[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(4):26-30,44.(in Chinese)
9 邱威.自走式果园风送定向喷雾机的研制与试验[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012.Qiu Wei.Development and experimental research of self-propelled air assisted orchard sprayer[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
10 GB/T 17980.9—2000田间药效试验准则(一)杀虫剂防治果树蚜虫[S].2000.
11 GB/T 17980.24—2000田间药效试验准则(一)杀菌剂防治梨黑星病[S].2000.
12 陈尤嘉,楼曼庆,黄福旦,等.担架式喷雾机防治水稻二迁害虫的喷液量试验[J].浙江农业科学,2012(7):997-998.
13 禹明甫,杨留成.五种杀菌剂防治梨黑斑病田间药效试验[J].北方园艺,2008(4):240-241.
14 高圆圆,张玉涛,张宁,等.小型无人机低空喷洒在小麦田的雾滴沉积分布及对小麦吸浆虫的防治效果初探[J].作物杂志,2013(2):139-142.Gao Yuanyuan,Zhang Yutao,Zhang Ning,et al.Primary studies on spray droplets distribution and control of aerial spraying using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)against wheat midge[J].Crops,2013(2):139-142.(in Chinese)
15 冯超,张成省,王静,等.烟田农药有效利用率的喷雾法研究[J].中国烟草科学,2011,32(1):52-55.Feng Chao,Zhang Chengsheng,Wang Jing,et al.Comparison of different vaporizers for the evaluation of pesticide efficacy in tobacco field[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2011,32(1):52-55.(in Chinese)