基于动态转矩的无刷直流电机机械特性和等效电压系数研究
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摘要
由于无刷直流电机换相过程会造成电枢电流和电磁转矩发生周期变化。在两相导通驱动方式下对电机动态转矩进行分析,并计算平均转矩得到转速——转矩机械特性为非线性,其输出转速小于理想值,从而使等效电压系数小于1。在换相过程中采用关断延迟重叠换相法能够提高电机输出转速,在理论上能够实现电机输出转速等于理想值,等效电压系数等于1。采用两相与三相交替导通的复合驱动方法能够实现输出转速大于理想值,等效电压系数大于1。仿真结果表明复合驱动能在不增加硬件的基础上,扩大了无刷直流电机的输出功率和调速范围。
The phases current and torque will change all the time because of commutation in brushless DC motor.Dynamic torque is analyzed using two devices conducted drive mode. Average torque is calculated to obtain the speed-torque characteristics of BLDCM. It ' s is a non-linear curve,and the output speed is less than the ideal speed. So the equivalent voltage coefficient is less than one. Using overlapping commutation method can improve the output speed of motor,and it can reach the ideal speed in theory. Then the equivalent voltage coefficient equals one. Compound drive method with two devices and three devices conducted in turns can make the output speed of motor higher than the ideal value,then the equivalent voltage coefficient is larger than one. Simulation results show compound drive method can enlarge the speed change region,and improve the output power.
The phases current and torque will change all the time because of commutation in brushless DC motor.Dynamic torque is analyzed using two devices conducted drive mode. Average torque is calculated to obtain the speed-torque characteristics of BLDCM. It ' s is a non-linear curve,and the output speed is less than the ideal speed. So the equivalent voltage coefficient is less than one. Using overlapping commutation method can improve the output speed of motor,and it can reach the ideal speed in theory. Then the equivalent voltage coefficient equals one. Compound drive method with two devices and three devices conducted in turns can make the output speed of motor higher than the ideal value,then the equivalent voltage coefficient is larger than one. Simulation results show compound drive method can enlarge the speed change region,and improve the output power.
引文
[1]夏长亮,方洪伟.永磁无刷直流电机及其控制[J].电工技术学报,2012,27(3):25-34Xia Changliang,Fang Hongwei.Permanent-Magnet Brushless DC Motor and Its Control[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2012,27(3):25-34(in Chinese)
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[6]陈冬,房建成.非理想梯形波反电势永磁无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(30):79-83Chen Dong,Fang Jiancheng.Commutation Torque Ripple Reduction in PM Brushless DC Motor with Nonideal Trapezoidal Back EMF[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(30):79-83(in Chinese)
[7]Xia Changliang,Chen Wei,Shi Tingna.Torque Ripple Reduction in Brushless DC Drives Based on Reference Current Optimization Using Integral Variable Structure Control[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(2):738-752
[8]Anshuman Tripathi,Ashwin M.Khambadkone,Sanjib K Panda.Torque Ripple Analysis and Dynamic Performance of a Space Vector Modulation Based Control Method for AC-Drives[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2005,20(2):485-492
[9]Auzani Jidin,Nik Rumzi Nik Idris,Abdul Halim Mohamed Yatim,et al.Elbuluk.An Optimized Switching Strategy for Quick Dynamic Torque Control in DTC-Hysteresis-Based Induction Machines[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(8):3391-3400
[10]Fang Jiancheng,Zhou Xinxiu,Liu Gang.Instantaneous Torque Control of Small Inductance Brushless DC Motor[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2012,27(12):4952-4964
[11]Kamran Tabarraee,Jaishankar Iyer,Hamid Atighechi,Juri Jatskevich.Dynamic Average-Value Modeling of 120°VSI-Commutated Brushless DC Motors with Trapezoidal Back EMF[J].IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2012,27(2):296-307
[2]谭建成.永磁无刷直流电机技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011Tan Jiancheng.Permanent Magnetic Brushless DC Motor Technology[M].Beijing,China Machine Press,2011(in Chinese)
[3]王晋,陶桂林,周理兵,丁永强.基于换相过程分析的无刷直流电动机机械特性的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(14):141-145Wang Jin,Tao Guilin,Zhou Libing,Ding Yongqiang.Research of the Mechanical Characteristic of Brushless Dc Motor Based on the Analysis of Phase Commutation[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2005,25(14):141-145(in Chinese)
[4]Shi Ting,Guo Yuntao,Song Peng,Xia Changliang.A New Approach of Minimizing Commutation Torque Ripple for Brushless DC Motor Based on DC-DC Converter[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2010,57(10):3483-3490
[5]石坚,李铁才.一种消除无刷直流电动机换相转矩脉动的PWM调制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(24):110-117Shi Jian,Li Tiecai.A PWM Strategy to Eliminate Commutation Torque Ripple of Brushless DC Motors[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(24):110-117(in Chinese)
[6]陈冬,房建成.非理想梯形波反电势永磁无刷直流电机换相转矩脉动抑制方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(30):79-83Chen Dong,Fang Jiancheng.Commutation Torque Ripple Reduction in PM Brushless DC Motor with Nonideal Trapezoidal Back EMF[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(30):79-83(in Chinese)
[7]Xia Changliang,Chen Wei,Shi Tingna.Torque Ripple Reduction in Brushless DC Drives Based on Reference Current Optimization Using Integral Variable Structure Control[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2014,61(2):738-752
[8]Anshuman Tripathi,Ashwin M.Khambadkone,Sanjib K Panda.Torque Ripple Analysis and Dynamic Performance of a Space Vector Modulation Based Control Method for AC-Drives[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2005,20(2):485-492
[9]Auzani Jidin,Nik Rumzi Nik Idris,Abdul Halim Mohamed Yatim,et al.Elbuluk.An Optimized Switching Strategy for Quick Dynamic Torque Control in DTC-Hysteresis-Based Induction Machines[J].IEEE Trans on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(8):3391-3400
[10]Fang Jiancheng,Zhou Xinxiu,Liu Gang.Instantaneous Torque Control of Small Inductance Brushless DC Motor[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2012,27(12):4952-4964
[11]Kamran Tabarraee,Jaishankar Iyer,Hamid Atighechi,Juri Jatskevich.Dynamic Average-Value Modeling of 120°VSI-Commutated Brushless DC Motors with Trapezoidal Back EMF[J].IEEE Trans on Energy Conversion,2012,27(2):296-307