农民工家庭梯次流动分析——基于辽宁省的调研数据
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摘要
本文基于辽宁省实地调研数据,分析了农民工家庭梯次流动特征以及不同类型城市、不同年代农民工家庭梯次流动差别,并实证分析了影响家庭梯次流动及流动类型的因素。分析结果表明,辽宁省劳动力转移表现出梯次流动的特征,家庭梯次流动基本上以丈夫先锋梯次流动妻子随迁就业的形式为主。在大城市,无论是丈夫先锋梯次流动还是妻子先锋梯次流动,夫妻另一方随迁未就业的比重一般较低,而在中小城市这种现象却不明显。人口流动的家庭化成为新生代农民工不同于老一代的重要标志。影响家庭梯次流动的因素中,就业和收入的相对稳定性是决定家庭梯次流动的关键因素,家庭拥有更多的耕地、宅基地对家庭梯次流动有负向影响;家中有在校学生会促进家庭梯次流动,对收入的乐观自评、永久定居城市的意愿将促进家庭梯次流动。与丈夫先锋梯次流动家庭比较,家中60岁以上老人和6岁以下子女数对妻子先锋梯次流动影响较大,小城市更有利于妻子先锋梯次流动;就业收入相对稳定、中等城市、家中有在校学生促使家庭选择夫妻同时流动。促进农民工稳定就业、加快农村土地流转、促进宅基地改革、落实农民工随迁子女教育,将有利于农民工家庭梯次流动。
Based on the field survey data in Liaoning province,this paper analyzed the characteristics of migrant workers' families phase flow,comparing with the differences of families phase flow among different types of city and between different generations of migrant workers.The paper also empirically analyzed the factors influencing the families phase flow.The analysis showed that phase flow character of labor transfer in Liaoning province was obvious.The main flow form was husband pioneer phase flow and wife trailing employment.In big city,whether the husband pioneer phase flow or wife pioneer phase flow,the proportion of the spouse trailing underemployed was generally low,but this phenomenon was not prominent in small-medium cities.Migration of family in the new generation of migrant workers became important symbol which was different from the old generation of migrant workers.For the factors influencing the families phase flow,the relative stability of the employment and income were the key factors; more cultivated land and house sites had a negative effect on family phase flow; having students would promote family phase flow; optimistic self-evaluation about income and willingness of permanent settlement in city intended to promote family phase flow.Compared with families of husband pioneer phase flow,the number of the elderly people over 60 years old and children under 6 years old affected the wife pioneer phase flow.Small city was more advantageous to wife pioneer phase flow.The relatively stable of employment income,medium-sized city,school students would prompt husband and wife flow.Promoting stable employment of migrant workers and the circulation of rural land,accelerating the reform of house sites,arranging the education of trailing children will develop family phase flow.
Based on the field survey data in Liaoning province,this paper analyzed the characteristics of migrant workers' families phase flow,comparing with the differences of families phase flow among different types of city and between different generations of migrant workers.The paper also empirically analyzed the factors influencing the families phase flow.The analysis showed that phase flow character of labor transfer in Liaoning province was obvious.The main flow form was husband pioneer phase flow and wife trailing employment.In big city,whether the husband pioneer phase flow or wife pioneer phase flow,the proportion of the spouse trailing underemployed was generally low,but this phenomenon was not prominent in small-medium cities.Migration of family in the new generation of migrant workers became important symbol which was different from the old generation of migrant workers.For the factors influencing the families phase flow,the relative stability of the employment and income were the key factors; more cultivated land and house sites had a negative effect on family phase flow; having students would promote family phase flow; optimistic self-evaluation about income and willingness of permanent settlement in city intended to promote family phase flow.Compared with families of husband pioneer phase flow,the number of the elderly people over 60 years old and children under 6 years old affected the wife pioneer phase flow.Small city was more advantageous to wife pioneer phase flow.The relatively stable of employment income,medium-sized city,school students would prompt husband and wife flow.Promoting stable employment of migrant workers and the circulation of rural land,accelerating the reform of house sites,arranging the education of trailing children will develop family phase flow.
引文
1.杜鹏,张航空.中国流动人口梯次流动的实证研究.人口学刊,2011(4)
2 .杜鹏,张文娟.对中国流动人口“梯次流动”的理论思考.人口学刊,2010(3)
3 .段成荣等.改革开放以来我国流动人口变动的九大趋势.人口研究,2008(6)
4 .侯佳伟.人口流动家庭化过程和个体影响因素研究.人口研究,2009(1)
5 .周皓.中国人口迁移的家庭化趋势及影响因素分析.人口研究,2004(11)
6 .翟振武,段成荣,毕秋灵.北京市流动人口的最新状况和分析.人口研究,2007(2)
*收入均为打工者2013年的打工收入
(1)陈强.高级计量经济学及stata应用(第二版).2014:172
2 .杜鹏,张文娟.对中国流动人口“梯次流动”的理论思考.人口学刊,2010(3)
3 .段成荣等.改革开放以来我国流动人口变动的九大趋势.人口研究,2008(6)
4 .侯佳伟.人口流动家庭化过程和个体影响因素研究.人口研究,2009(1)
5 .周皓.中国人口迁移的家庭化趋势及影响因素分析.人口研究,2004(11)
6 .翟振武,段成荣,毕秋灵.北京市流动人口的最新状况和分析.人口研究,2007(2)
*收入均为打工者2013年的打工收入
(1)陈强.高级计量经济学及stata应用(第二版).2014:172