同域分布的两种有尾类的产卵生境
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摘要
2018年4—5月,采用直接观察方法,对长白山地区同域分布的极北鲵(Salamandrella keyserlingii)和东北小鲵(Hynobius leechii)的产卵时间、卵袋附着物、产卵场和产卵位点的生境因子进行调查。结果表明:两种有尾类在产卵时间和产卵场空间分布上存在重叠,海拔可能是导致这两种有尾类单独或共存分布的重要因素;极北鲵卵袋的附着物主要为水草,占66.15%,而东北小鲵卵袋的附着物主要为枯枝,占71.60%;两种有尾类的产卵场生境无显著差异,但在产卵位点的产卵深度、水温和水面杂物盖度等微生境方面存在显著差异,极北鲵选择在产卵深度较浅、水温较高、水面杂物盖度较大的地方产卵,东北小鲵选择在产卵深度较深、水温较低、水面杂物盖度较小的地方产卵。由此可知,产卵位点的生境分离是这两种同域分布的有尾类共存的主要原因。
The spawning time,egg bag attachment,spawning site,and oviposition site habitat of the Siberian salamander( Salamandrella keyserlingii) and the Northeastern China salamander( Hynobius leechii) in Changbai Mountain were measured from April to May 2018. The results showed that there were overlaps in the spawning time and the spawning sites between the two sympatric species,with the altitude being an important factor driving their separation or coexistence. Aquatic vegetation was the dominant attachment of egg bags in Salamandrella keyserlingii,accounting for 66. 15% of the total,while dead branches were the dominant attachment of egg bags in Hynobius leechii,accounting for 71.60%. There was no significant difference in the spawning sites,but with significant differences in the microhabitat of oviposition sites such as depth of oviposition,water temperature and coverage ratio of sundries. Oviposition sites of Salamandrella keyserlingii were shallower,higher in water temperature and coverage ratio of sundries than that of Hynobius leechii. It is concluded that the habitat separation of the spawning sites is the main reason for the coexistence of the two sympatric species.
The spawning time,egg bag attachment,spawning site,and oviposition site habitat of the Siberian salamander( Salamandrella keyserlingii) and the Northeastern China salamander( Hynobius leechii) in Changbai Mountain were measured from April to May 2018. The results showed that there were overlaps in the spawning time and the spawning sites between the two sympatric species,with the altitude being an important factor driving their separation or coexistence. Aquatic vegetation was the dominant attachment of egg bags in Salamandrella keyserlingii,accounting for 66. 15% of the total,while dead branches were the dominant attachment of egg bags in Hynobius leechii,accounting for 71.60%. There was no significant difference in the spawning sites,but with significant differences in the microhabitat of oviposition sites such as depth of oviposition,water temperature and coverage ratio of sundries. Oviposition sites of Salamandrella keyserlingii were shallower,higher in water temperature and coverage ratio of sundries than that of Hynobius leechii. It is concluded that the habitat separation of the spawning sites is the main reason for the coexistence of the two sympatric species.
引文
费梁,叶昌媛,江建平.2012.中国两栖动物及其分布彩色图鉴.成都:四川科学技术出版社.
姜雅风,王丽文,阎学林,等.1987.千山地区东北小鲵的生态资料.四川动物,6(3):32-34.
龙再忠,汪继超,肖繁荣,等.2016.平顶闭壳龟和黄额闭壳龟日活动节律与时间分配.生态学杂志,35(8):2164-2169.
罗旭,吴太平,黄安琪.2016.云南高黎贡山两种同域分布雉类冬季的食物分析及取食策略.生态学杂志,35(4):1003-1008.
罗玉梅,朴正吉,王卓聪,等.2015.长白山两栖类繁殖期路域水生境选择性分析.四川动物,34(4):559-564.
戎可,司雨蕙,潘麒嫣,等.2018.同域分布3种啄木鸟冬季取食的生态位差异.生态学报,38(23):8314-8323.
石锐,方俊九.1991.极北鲵胚胎及胚后发育.动物学研究,(3):181-188.
孙守甲,戴琦,戴宗兴,等.2011.后河自然保护区周边地区细痣疣螈资源及夏季生境选择.生态学杂志,30(11):2534-2539.
汪青雄,肖红,杨超.2012.陕西红碱淖同域分布遗鸥与棕头鸥巢址选择比较.生态学杂志,31(4):949-953.
王秀伟,于洪贤.2009.兴凯湖自然保护区极北鲵繁殖生态学初步研究.水产学杂志,22(3):10-13.
颜忠诚,陈永林.1998.动物的生境选择.生态学杂志,17(2):43-50.
叶林骏.2012.安吉小鲵生存现状及其繁殖期生境特征研究(硕士学位论文).浙江:浙江师范大学.
张克勤,张振华,陈玉梅.1993.极北鲵繁殖习性的研究.动物学杂志,28(5):9-12.
赵文阁,刘鹏,陈辉.2008.黑龙江省两栖爬行动物志.北京:科学出版社.
Alfimov AV,Berman DI.2010.Reproduction of the Siberian salamander,Salamandrella keyserlingii(Amphibia,Caudata,Hynobiidae),in water bodies on permafrost in Northeastern Asia.Biology Bulletin,37:807-822.
Bagchi S,Goyal SP,Sankar K.2003.Niche relationships of an ungulate assemblage in a dry tropical forest.Journal of Mammalogy,84:981-988.
Berman DI,Bulakhova NA.2016.Ecological characteristics of the Siberian Salamander(Salamandrella keyserlingii,Caudata,Hynobiidae)from the Coastal Part of the Sea of Okhotsk.Biology Bulletin,43:643-653.
Berman DI,Meshcheryakova EN,Bulakhova NA.2016.Extreme negative temperatures and body mass loss in the Siberian Salamander(Salamandrella keyserlingii,Amphibia,Hynobiidae).Doklady Biological Sciences,468:137-141.
Dueser RD,Shugart HHJr.1978.Microhabitats in a forest-floor small mammal fauna.Ecology,59:89-98.
Hasumi M,Borkin LJ.2012.Age and body size of Salamandrella keyserlingii(Caudata:Hynobiidae):A difference in altitudes,latitudes,and temperatures.Organisms Diversity and Evolution,12:167-181.
Hasumi M,Kanda F.1998.Breeding habitats of the Siberian Salamander(Salamandrella keyserlingii)within a Fen in Kushiro Marsh,Japan.Herpetological Review,29:150-153.
Hocking DJ,Rittenhouse TAG,Rothermel BB,et al.2008.Breeding and recruitment penology of amphibians in Missouri Oak-Hickory Forests.The American Midland Naturalist,160:41-60.
Kuzmin SL.1994.The geographical range of Salamandrella keyserlingii:Ecological and historical implications.Abhandlungen und Berichte für Naturkunde,17:177-183.
Oswald HR.2013.The reproductive ecology of Plethodontid Salamanders in the south Carolina Inner Coastal Plain.University of South Carolina.
Park SR,Park DS,Yang SY.1996.Courtship,fighting behaviors and sexual dimorphism of the salamander,Hynobius leechii.Korean Journal of Zoology,39:437-446.
Peterman WE,Anderson TL,Ousterhout BH,et al.2015.Differential dispersal shapes population structure and patterns of genetic differentiation in two sympatric pond breeding salamanders.Conservation Genetics,16:59-69.
Sedalischev VT,Solomonova TN,Odnokurtsev VA,et al.2010.Siberian salamander Salamandrella keyserlingii as an object for study of cold resistance.Cryobiology,61:398.
Stoddard MA,Hayes JP.2005.The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales.Ecological Applications,15:811-823.
Sung HC,Lee JH,Park DS.2005.Entering and exiting routes of Hynobius leechii to a breeding site and staying time within the site.The Korean Journal of Ecology,28:238-247.
Wahl GW,Harris RN,Nelms T.2008.Nest site selection and embryonic survival in Four-toed salamanders,Hemidactylium scutatum(Caudata:Plethodontidae).Herpetologica,64:12-19.
Wilbur HM.1980.Complex life cycles.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,11:67-93.
Wilen BO,Frayer WE.1990.Status and trends of the US wetlands and deepwater habitats.Forest Ecology and Management,33:181-192.
Wilson DS.1998.Nest-site selection:Microhabitat variation and its effects on the survival of turtle embryos.Ecology,79:1884-1892.
姜雅风,王丽文,阎学林,等.1987.千山地区东北小鲵的生态资料.四川动物,6(3):32-34.
龙再忠,汪继超,肖繁荣,等.2016.平顶闭壳龟和黄额闭壳龟日活动节律与时间分配.生态学杂志,35(8):2164-2169.
罗旭,吴太平,黄安琪.2016.云南高黎贡山两种同域分布雉类冬季的食物分析及取食策略.生态学杂志,35(4):1003-1008.
罗玉梅,朴正吉,王卓聪,等.2015.长白山两栖类繁殖期路域水生境选择性分析.四川动物,34(4):559-564.
戎可,司雨蕙,潘麒嫣,等.2018.同域分布3种啄木鸟冬季取食的生态位差异.生态学报,38(23):8314-8323.
石锐,方俊九.1991.极北鲵胚胎及胚后发育.动物学研究,(3):181-188.
孙守甲,戴琦,戴宗兴,等.2011.后河自然保护区周边地区细痣疣螈资源及夏季生境选择.生态学杂志,30(11):2534-2539.
汪青雄,肖红,杨超.2012.陕西红碱淖同域分布遗鸥与棕头鸥巢址选择比较.生态学杂志,31(4):949-953.
王秀伟,于洪贤.2009.兴凯湖自然保护区极北鲵繁殖生态学初步研究.水产学杂志,22(3):10-13.
颜忠诚,陈永林.1998.动物的生境选择.生态学杂志,17(2):43-50.
叶林骏.2012.安吉小鲵生存现状及其繁殖期生境特征研究(硕士学位论文).浙江:浙江师范大学.
张克勤,张振华,陈玉梅.1993.极北鲵繁殖习性的研究.动物学杂志,28(5):9-12.
赵文阁,刘鹏,陈辉.2008.黑龙江省两栖爬行动物志.北京:科学出版社.
Alfimov AV,Berman DI.2010.Reproduction of the Siberian salamander,Salamandrella keyserlingii(Amphibia,Caudata,Hynobiidae),in water bodies on permafrost in Northeastern Asia.Biology Bulletin,37:807-822.
Bagchi S,Goyal SP,Sankar K.2003.Niche relationships of an ungulate assemblage in a dry tropical forest.Journal of Mammalogy,84:981-988.
Berman DI,Bulakhova NA.2016.Ecological characteristics of the Siberian Salamander(Salamandrella keyserlingii,Caudata,Hynobiidae)from the Coastal Part of the Sea of Okhotsk.Biology Bulletin,43:643-653.
Berman DI,Meshcheryakova EN,Bulakhova NA.2016.Extreme negative temperatures and body mass loss in the Siberian Salamander(Salamandrella keyserlingii,Amphibia,Hynobiidae).Doklady Biological Sciences,468:137-141.
Dueser RD,Shugart HHJr.1978.Microhabitats in a forest-floor small mammal fauna.Ecology,59:89-98.
Hasumi M,Borkin LJ.2012.Age and body size of Salamandrella keyserlingii(Caudata:Hynobiidae):A difference in altitudes,latitudes,and temperatures.Organisms Diversity and Evolution,12:167-181.
Hasumi M,Kanda F.1998.Breeding habitats of the Siberian Salamander(Salamandrella keyserlingii)within a Fen in Kushiro Marsh,Japan.Herpetological Review,29:150-153.
Hocking DJ,Rittenhouse TAG,Rothermel BB,et al.2008.Breeding and recruitment penology of amphibians in Missouri Oak-Hickory Forests.The American Midland Naturalist,160:41-60.
Kuzmin SL.1994.The geographical range of Salamandrella keyserlingii:Ecological and historical implications.Abhandlungen und Berichte für Naturkunde,17:177-183.
Oswald HR.2013.The reproductive ecology of Plethodontid Salamanders in the south Carolina Inner Coastal Plain.University of South Carolina.
Park SR,Park DS,Yang SY.1996.Courtship,fighting behaviors and sexual dimorphism of the salamander,Hynobius leechii.Korean Journal of Zoology,39:437-446.
Peterman WE,Anderson TL,Ousterhout BH,et al.2015.Differential dispersal shapes population structure and patterns of genetic differentiation in two sympatric pond breeding salamanders.Conservation Genetics,16:59-69.
Sedalischev VT,Solomonova TN,Odnokurtsev VA,et al.2010.Siberian salamander Salamandrella keyserlingii as an object for study of cold resistance.Cryobiology,61:398.
Stoddard MA,Hayes JP.2005.The influence of forest management on headwater stream amphibians at multiple spatial scales.Ecological Applications,15:811-823.
Sung HC,Lee JH,Park DS.2005.Entering and exiting routes of Hynobius leechii to a breeding site and staying time within the site.The Korean Journal of Ecology,28:238-247.
Wahl GW,Harris RN,Nelms T.2008.Nest site selection and embryonic survival in Four-toed salamanders,Hemidactylium scutatum(Caudata:Plethodontidae).Herpetologica,64:12-19.
Wilbur HM.1980.Complex life cycles.Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,11:67-93.
Wilen BO,Frayer WE.1990.Status and trends of the US wetlands and deepwater habitats.Forest Ecology and Management,33:181-192.
Wilson DS.1998.Nest-site selection:Microhabitat variation and its effects on the survival of turtle embryos.Ecology,79:1884-1892.