超声波微波辅助TMAOH细化棉秆皮纤维研究
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摘要
超声波/微波协同处理技术(SUMAT)是一种新型的强化加工方法,采用此方法辅助有机碱四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)对蒸汽闪爆(SE)预处理后的棉秆皮纤维进行后处理,以期获得高长径比的棉秆皮纤维。考察了超声波/微波功率、时间、温度及有机碱浓度等工艺参数对棉秆皮纤维的强度以及长径比的影响。结果表明:棉秆皮经SE预处理后,纤维的细度约59dtex,长径比957,断裂强度约2.15cN/dtex。随后的SUMAT/TMAOH协同处理优化后的工艺条件为,超声波功率600W,TMAOH浓度2%,处理时间60min,温度70℃。经此工艺处理后,棉秆皮纤维的脂蜡质、果胶和水溶物总量下降较大,半纤维素含量减少更多,纤维素含量提高到约67.3%,细度约34dtex,长径比1169,断裂强度约2.85cN/dtex。棉秆皮木质素含量在预处理、后处理前后均没有明显变化。与现有方法相比,主要通过去除亲水性半纤维素、果胶、水溶物等,同时保留疏水性木质素而制得高长径比、高断裂强度的棉秆皮纤维,因此更适合用作热塑性基复合材料的增强纤维。
Simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted technique(SUMAT),a method of process intensification,was applied to assist tetramethylammonium hydroxide(TMAOH)as a post-treatment of cotton stalk bark fibers(CSBFs)to obtain cotton stalk bark fibers(CSBFs)with high aspect ratio.The effect of power,time,temperature and concentration of TMAOH on the tensile strength and aspect ratio were investigated by single-factor experiments.The results indicated that the fineness of fiber was about 59 dtex,the aspect ratio was 957,and the breaking strength was about 2.15 cN/dtex.Subsequent SUMAT/TMAOH co-processing optimized process conditions,the ultrasonic power 600 W,TMAOH concentration of 2%,treatment time 60 min and temperature 70℃.After this process,the total amount of fat wax,pectin and water soluble in cotton fiber was decreased,the content of hemicellulose decreased more than before,the content of cellulose increased to about 67.3%,the fineness was about 34 dtex,Ratio 1169 and breaking strength of about 2.85cN/dtex.In addition,there was no significant change on the content of lignin.Compared with existing method,this paper mainly removed hydrophilic hemicelluloses,pectin and water soluble substance instead of lignin to prepare CSBFs with high aspect ratio and tensile strength.The CSBFs obtained from above method was more suitable to prepare thermoplastic composites as reinforced fibers.
Simultaneously ultrasonic wave and microwave assisted technique(SUMAT),a method of process intensification,was applied to assist tetramethylammonium hydroxide(TMAOH)as a post-treatment of cotton stalk bark fibers(CSBFs)to obtain cotton stalk bark fibers(CSBFs)with high aspect ratio.The effect of power,time,temperature and concentration of TMAOH on the tensile strength and aspect ratio were investigated by single-factor experiments.The results indicated that the fineness of fiber was about 59 dtex,the aspect ratio was 957,and the breaking strength was about 2.15 cN/dtex.Subsequent SUMAT/TMAOH co-processing optimized process conditions,the ultrasonic power 600 W,TMAOH concentration of 2%,treatment time 60 min and temperature 70℃.After this process,the total amount of fat wax,pectin and water soluble in cotton fiber was decreased,the content of hemicellulose decreased more than before,the content of cellulose increased to about 67.3%,the fineness was about 34 dtex,Ratio 1169 and breaking strength of about 2.85cN/dtex.In addition,there was no significant change on the content of lignin.Compared with existing method,this paper mainly removed hydrophilic hemicelluloses,pectin and water soluble substance instead of lignin to prepare CSBFs with high aspect ratio and tensile strength.The CSBFs obtained from above method was more suitable to prepare thermoplastic composites as reinforced fibers.
引文
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[3]罗海力.蒸汽爆破棉秆纤维形态及特性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2011.
[4]吴君南,郝新敏,唐宗留,等.大麻纤维高温-闪爆联合脱胶技术[J].纺织学报,2007,28(11):76-80.
[5]闵庭元,周彬,王美红.桑皮纤维的绿色高效脱胶工艺[J].化纤与纺织技术,2010,39(3):18-20.
[6]张袁松,谢吉祥,李晓龙,等.基于闪爆-碱煮联合工艺的天然竹纤维提取[J].纺织学报,2012,33(10):56-61.
[7]杨英贤,姜宜宽,张书策.罗布麻微波-超声波脱胶工艺的研究[J].毛纺科技,2006,34(9):27-30.
[8]郭玉路,赵书林,张暴暴.汉麻原麻的超声脱胶工艺与原理[J].天津工业大学学报,2010,29(1):43-45.
[9]基于闪爆-超声波联合作用的红麻精干麻制备[J].生物工程学报,2014,30(5):734-742.
[10]刘亨昌,刘丽.超声波在纺织工业中的应用探讨[J].化纤与纺织技术,2012,41(2):28-32.
[11]肖琼.超声波辅助植物纤维原料酶水解的研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2006.
[12]马转转,潘刚伟,徐荷澜.碱浸泡制备高长径比玉米皮纤维素纤维[J].碳水化合物聚合物,2015,124(1):50-56.
[13]董震,侯秀良,孙芳芳,等.蒸汽闪爆预处理棉秆皮制备可用于纺织工业的天然纤维素纤维[J].纤维素,2014,21(5):3851-3860.